Moringen

This article covers the small town in Lower Saxony. For the German painter see Helene Meyer-Moringen .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 42 '  N , 9 ° 52'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Northeim
Height :	175 m above sea level NHN
Area :	82.25 km 2
Residents:	6955 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	85 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	37186
Primaries :	05554, 05503 , 05555
License plate :	NOM, EIN, GAN
Community key :	03 1 55 009
City structure:	9 districts
City administration address :	Freedom of office 8 37186 ​​Moringen
Website :	www.moringen.de
Mayoress :	Heike Müller-Otte (independent)
Location of the city of Moringen in the Northeim district

Moringen is a small town in the Northeim district in Lower Saxony ( Germany ).

geography

Geographical location

Moringen is located in the Moringer Basin east of the Weper ridge , to which the Solling connects to the west , and is traversed by the upper reaches of the moors , which represent a western tributary of the Leine . In the north, the Moringer basin is bounded by the ridge of the Ahlsburg, an offshoot of the Solling.

City structure

Behrensen Blankenhagen Fredelsloh

Grossenrode Lutterbeck Moringen

Nienhagen Oldenrode Thüdinghausen

history

The place was founded in the first millennium. As Gau Morunga, the area south of the Suilbergau belonged to the Leinegau . In the High Middle Ages, the interests of the Counts of Dassel and the Lords of Rosdorf met here . The older rural settlement, the upper village of Moringen, was built around the “sacrificial pond” and the 11th century Martini Church.

The lower village was given the rights of a town and fortified with the exclusion of the rural upper village. The settlement was first mentioned in a document in 983, although it is not possible to document when the settlement was granted its town charter. What is certain, however, is that Moringen was already a town around 1350.

Remnants of Moringen Castle

It is disputed whether a Templar Commandery should have existed in Moringen by 1312 . Evidence of this can be found in the Dasselischen and Einbeckischen Chronica by Johannes Letzner from the year 1596, who also reports that after the abolition of the order the goods are supposed to have gone to the former Augustinian monastery in Einbeck. The Teutonic Order is more plausible than the Templar Order , because the Moring Baron zu Münchhausen was compensated with a pension in 1815 for the confiscation of his goods, which he administered as Commander of this Order. Moringen was often dependent on the dukes, who often used the city at their own discretion. When Duke Otto der Quade was in feud with the city of Göttingen in 1387, Northeimer and Moringer were also committed to military success, while Hardegsen, Otto's residence, did not have to participate. On behalf of King Sigismund , Landgrave Ludwig von Hessen enfeoffed his brother-in-law, Otto Cocles , with his principality, both Northeim and Moringen are mentioned in this transfer. The city has belonged to the Principality of Göttingen since the early modern period .

Merian engraving by Moringen

In 1734 a fire destroyed almost the entire city. Within a few hours, 110 residential buildings and 159 commercial buildings burned down, including the brewery. That part of the city which was located north of the old castle and the parish church was spared . The city was rebuilt in the style of the time, now with wider streets than before, so that such a fire could not spread again so quickly. To this end, the government in Hanover ordered that the streets should be 48 feet wide and straight, and every fourth house should have a main fire wall. Barns and stables were only allowed to be built at a certain distance from the residential buildings and only bricks or stones were to be used as roofing material.

After a fire in Oberen, today's Neuen Straße, in 1747, the new building guidelines were also applied there. Only remnants of the old town design can still be seen in the area of ​​the castle. Moringen has been hit by fires more often in the course of its history, a court book from the 15th century reports that in 1461 the place burned out in two hours , more fires raged in 1491 and 1496 than Moringen from one gate to the other Flames went up. After the fire of 1506, 26 houses remained standing, smaller fires followed in 1671, 1679 and 1680.

Office building from 1721, today town hall

Until well into the second half of the 20th century, the place consisted of two practically independent parts that were different in appearance and function. The older section formed the upper village, which was built around the Sedal Church of St. Martin and had the character of a farming village. It was not until 1890 that the upper village was incorporated into the city. The lower village was built around the royal court and the later moated castle as a craft settlement. The clear demarcation is evidenced by a city map that was made shortly after the devastating fire of 1734. Another indication is a city view from 1654, which also shows the city ​​wall , which was built around 1400 . Around 1750, a city map bears witness to some changes in the cityscape, which went hand in hand with the fact that large parts of the old city wall had been torn down and some sections of the ramparts removed. Only two corner towers and some segments of the city wall remained on the north side of the city.

Economically, the upper village is still dominated by agriculture. From here, large parts of the outgoing Moringer arable land are processed. In the Unterdorf, on the other hand, line weaving played a major role until the middle of the 19th century , which first appeared at the beginning of the 15th century. The connection of Moringen to the Northeim - Hardegsen - Uslar - Bad Karlshafen railway line, which took place in 1878, changed little in the character of the country town, which is due to the fact that the train station was built around 2 km outside the village. Modern residential areas emerged in the north of Moringen and along Nienhagener Strasse. The dairy , a stocking factory, a shoe factory, a light bulb factory, a machine factory and a furniture factory were of industrial importance . Today only the machine factory is left of that.

Moring town estate

The von Münchhausen family owned a large estate in Moringen. Börries von Münchhausen († 1722) became Drost in Moringen in 1716. His son Börries († 1773), Landdrost, succeeded his father in office and earned merit by rebuilding the city after the fires of 1734 and 1747. In 1739 he bought the Moringen estate, and in 1759 part of the lands of the former Laubinger estate Oberdorf and in 1771 the Herbstsche Gut in Oberdorf. After the great fire, the Moringer Stadtgut was rebuilt outside the Büchentor. The actual manor was today's Rathausplatz (it is called that because the Münchhausen mansion there was previously used as the town hall for a long time before the city administration moved to the old official building on the site of the former moated castle).

The next son, Captain Börries v. M. († 1829), after him his son, landscape councilor Albrecht Friedrich v. M. († 1880), to whom his son, Chamberlain Börries v. M. (1845-1931) followed; he acquired the Windischleuba estate in Altenburger Land in Thuringia , which became the family's permanent residence. A tenant came to the approximately 400 hectare Moringen estate; the von Münchhausen family only visited it occasionally. The next generation son was Börries von Münchhausen (1879–1945), who became famous as a ballad poet. His son Börries (1904–1934) was to inherit in Moringen. But he was 29 years old in a car accident in 1934. His step-siblings inherited the property, Dr. Crusius the Parensen Estate, Charlotte von Katte, b. Crusius, the Moringen estate. In 1950 she sold it to the Lower Saxony Landgesellschaft for the purpose of settlement.

During the National Socialist era , from April 1933 to April 1945, there were three successive concentration camps in the former Landeswerk houses in the city center (for men, women and young people, see Moringen concentration camp ).

Incorporations

On March 1, 1974, the communities of Behrensen, Blankenhagen, Fredelsloh, Großenrode, Lutterbeck, Nienhagen, Oldenrode and Thüdinghausen were incorporated.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal elections of September 11, 2016 resulted in the following composition of the council with a turnout of 53.09%:

	Party / list	SPD	CDU	GMV	GREEN	Moringen 21	LEFT	total
2016	Seats	7th	5	4th	2	1	1	20 seats
	Share of votes	37.16%	24.90%	18.24%	10.61%	6.75%	2.01%	100%
for comparison: 2011 local elections
2011	Seats	10	7th	-	2	1	-	20 seats
	Share of votes	47.45%	34.76%	-	11.46%	4.32%	2.33%	100%

coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue, a three-tower, silver castle with a tinned, wide central tower, which connects the arched battlement walls with the red-roofed side spiers. In the cloverleaf-shaped archway a striding, looking, crowned golden lion ”. In the middle of the 14th century, the first seal of the castle hamlet, which had recently become a town, was created; in it you can still see an upright helmet in the archway with two upright keys, which refers to the noble lords of Rostorp , who have been co-owners since 1252 from the spot and the castle. Since the rule of the Guelphs in 1379, the seal has shown the lion in alternating directions.

Buildings

Former orphanage

Orphanage, workhouse, concentration camp

In Moringen there was an orphanage, the later Werkhaus, which was built in 1732 at the expense of the Calenberg-Grubenhagen landscape . In 1798 the orphanage was cleared in order to convert it into a sugar factory on the occasion of the sea ​​blockade at the time . The project was broken up in 1803 due to the French occupation, so that the building became an orphanage again.

The Hanoverian pastor Gerhard Philipp Scholvin declared the teaching methods of the “Moringisches Orphanage” at that time as a model for his Scholvin Foundation, which was initiated in 1803 .

In 1818 it was bought by the Kingdom of Hanover to set up a so-called correction institute . From 1838, police prisoners were housed there. From 1866 under Prussian rule it became Werkhaus, d. H. Workhouse for "follow-up / correction custody". From 1871 it served as a provincial factory. 1901–1907 a department for difficult to educate welfare pupils was attached. During the First World War , hostile foreigners intended for exchange were brought together here. This workshop was important for the farmers in the area, who were able to get work commands here for a small fee.

The buildings of the Landeswerkhaus were used to house the Moringen concentration camp from 1933 to 1945 : from April 10, 1933 to November 29, 1933, they were used as a protective custody camp for around 1,000 men and from June 7, 1933 to March 21, 1938 as a concentration camp for women . August 1940 until the end of the war, d. H. Until April 6, 1945, used as a youth concentration camp under the euphemistic name "Police Youth Protection Camp ". A total of around 1,350 women were imprisoned in the Moringen women's concentration camp, and around 1,400 young people between the ages of 13 and 22 in the youth concentration camp. The "normal factory operations" continued throughout the entire period.

At the end of the war, the buildings of the Werkhaus, including the youth protection camp, were confiscated by the occupying government in order to set up a camp for " displaced persons ". On August 27, 1947, the current Landeswerkhaus was handed over by the British military government to the State of Lower Saxony, although Poles lived in its barracks until June 28, 1960. In 1956, with the relocation of the last “corrections”, the Landeswerkhaus was dissolved in order to be gradually converted into a regional hospital . The Moringen concentration camp memorial in the city's former gatehouse commemorates this past.

Churches

Evangelical Lutheran City Church of Our Lady

Catholic Ulrichskirche

Martini Church

The church, which is now privately owned, contains Romanesque elements and was later expanded and repaired. The originally Mainz church was under the patronage of the Lippoldsberg monastery until the city church was built and was the Sedes church in St. Peter's Abbey in Nörten . Originally there was a simple wooden baptismal church on the site of today's church, the current building was built around 1100. In 1730 its aisles, as well as the dilapidated church roof and the belfry had to be demolished. As early as 1566, the vault was in a dilapidated condition, and repairs continued until 1571.

Liebfrauenkirche (City Church)

The Liebfrauenkirche was built in 1847/50 on the site of a previous building, a chapel that was expanded in 1492 and, with confirmation from Bishop Berthold , elevated to the status of a town church. It is a classicist hall building with surrounding galleries. Today the parish belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Leine-Solling .

Ulrich Church

The Catholic Church of St. Ulrich was built in 1959 after the number of Catholics in Moringen, which has been Protestant since the Reformation , had increased significantly as a result of the Second World War due to the influx of Catholic refugees and displaced persons . Since 2006 the church has belonged to the parish of the Visitation of Mary , based in Northeim.

Hospital church

The correctional center Moringen (former state hospital) has its own church, built in 1880, on its property.

Culture and sights

• Jewish cemetery on Hagenberg with 55 gravestones
• Old town center with some well-preserved buildings
• City park with individual graves from the 19th century

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Moringen is on federal highway 241 . About 5 km to the east is the Northeim West junction (No. 70) of the federal motorway 7 .

This railway bridge near Moringen was used as a filming location for the railway robbery

Until 1984, Moringen was connected to the Solling Railway with its own train station, which was located outside of the built-up area , which remained a freight station for a while and was then closed. The railway systems have now been torn down. The nearest train station is in neighboring Hardegsen , connections to long-distance traffic exist in Göttingen ( ICE ) and Northeim ( IC ).

At a railway overpass near Moringen over a dirt road in the direction of Vorwerk Holtensen, scenes from the three-part television series “ The gentlemen ask for cash ”, which deals with the largest railway robbery in criminal history, were filmed. The now demolished station building in Moringen also served as a filming location.

Public facilities

• Correctional Center : State-sponsored forensic psychiatric hospital

education

• Dandelion School (Primary School)
• Cooperative comprehensive school Moringen

Museums

• Moringen gasometer
• Moringen local history museum
• Moringen concentration camp memorial
• Keramikum pottery museum in the Fredelsloh district

Personalities

• Johann Gabriel Domeier (1717–1790), historian and from 1748 to 1790 mayor
• Anton Cleve (1789–1848), Hanoverian bailiff in Coppenbrügge
• Heinrich Sauthoff (1828–1889), treasurer of the city of Moringen and chief accounting officer of the newly founded Stadtsparkasse Moringen
• Rudolf Fuess (1838–1917), precision mechanic, leading manufacturer of scientific precision instruments in Berlin
• Richard Uffeln (1859–1939), Mayor of Moringen from 1890–1927
• Helene Meyer-Moringen (1898–1965), painter born in Moringen
• Releff Wolter-Peeksen (* 1913), Moringen-born politician and member of the state parliament
• Marianne König (* 1954), politician and member of the state parliament, born in Fredelsloh
• Detlef Garbe (* 1956), head of the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial

literature

• Johann Just von Eine: Antiquitates Moringenses. Time and Description of the history of the office and town of Moringen ; 1739.
• Martin Engelhardt: Presentation of the Jewish community of Moringen ; available as a manuscript in the Moringen city archives, in the Protestant rectory in Moringen and in the Jewish community of Hanover.
• Martin Guse: "The little one who had to suffer a lot ..." Jehovah's Witnesses in the Moringen youth concentration camp ; in: Hans Hesse (Ed.): The Jehovah's Witnesses were always the bravest. Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses under National Socialism . Edition Temmen Bremen 1998, ISBN 3-86108-724-3 .
• Hans Hesse: The women's concentration camp Moringen 1933–1938 , self-published by Hans Hesse, Göttingen, [Beethovenstr. 19] / Libri Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2000 ISBN 3-8311-0633-9 ; 2nd edition: Camp community and concentration camp memorial site Moringen, Moringen 2002.
• Wolfgang Kramer: The field names of the Moringen office ; [Göttingen] 1963, DNB 790922150 (Dissertation University of Göttingen, Philosophical Faculty, 1973, 1115 pages).
• Theodor Meyer: The fire in the city of Moringen in 1734 and its significance for the later development of the same ; Moringen 1888.
• Walter Ohlmer: 1000 years of Moringen 983–1983 ; Hildesheim: Verlag August Lax, 1983.
• Friedrich Drawer: From a thousand years of Moringer history. Historical outline for the 800th anniversary of the city of Moringen ; Moringen 1947.
• Johann Gabriel Domeier : The history of the electoral Braunschweig-Lüneburg city of Moringen and the surrounding office of this name. Composed from archival documents and other reliable news . University bookshop, Göttingen, 1753.

Web links

Commons : Moringen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Moringen in the Topographia Braunschweig Lüneburg (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Website of the city of Moringen
• Moringen concentration camp memorial
• Site with a lot of information and stories about Moringen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ^ Heinrich Leo: Lectures on the History of the German People and Empire, Volume 5, 1867, pp. 655ff
3. ^ Carl Friedrich Eichhorn: Deutsche Staats- und Rechtsgeschichte, Volume 1, 1834, p. 546
4. ^ O. von Heinemann: The Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchy of Braunschweig, 1858, p. 418
5. ↑ Gerhard Streich, Monasteries, Abbey and Comingers in Lower Saxony before the Reformation. Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim, 1986. p. 100.
6. ↑ Moringen = legend, later attribution (PDF; 21 kB)
7. ^ Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology, Mecklenburg Yearbooks, Volumes 13-14, 1848, p. 46
8. ^ Johann Gabriel Domeier: The story of the Churfürstl. Braunschweig-Lüneburg town of Moringen and the surrounding office of this name . University bookstore, Göttingen 1753, p. 55 .
9. ↑ Erhard Kühlhorn: Historical-regional excursion map. Leaf Moringen am Solling . Ed .: Erhard Kühlhorn. Lax, Hildesheim 1976, ISBN 3-7848-3624-0 , p. 99 f .
10. ↑ Gabriele Herz, Jane Caplan, Howard Hartig (2006). The women's camp in Moringen: a memoir of imprisonment in Germany, 1936–1937. Berghahn Books. ISBN 1845450779 , ISBN 978-1-84545-077-9 .
11. ↑ Hans Hesse (2001). Persecution and resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses during the Nazi regime, 1933-1945. Berghahn Books. ISBN 3861087502 , ISBN 978-3-86108-750-2 .
12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 214 .
13. ↑ Local elections 2016. Accessed December 28, 2019 . 
14. ↑ Klemens Stadler: German coat of arms Federal Republic of Germany . The municipal coats of arms of the federal states of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein. tape 5 . Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1970, p. 59 .
15. ↑ Markus Meumann: Scholvin , in: Foundelkinder, orphanages, child murder in the early modern age. Unsupervised children in early modern society , at the same time dissertation 1933 at the University of Göttingen, in the series Ancien Régime, Enlightenment and Revolution , Volume 29, Munich 1995: Oldenbourg, ISBN 3-486-56099-9 , passim; partly online via Google books
16. ↑ Hans Hesse, Jens-Christian Wagner: The early Moringen concentration camp, 2003, p. 112
17. ^ Johann Gabriel Domeier : The story of the Churfürstl. Braunschweig-Lüneburg town of Moringen and the surrounding office of this name . University bookstore, Göttingen 1753, p. 112 .
18. ↑ From the history of the Ev.-luth. Parish Leine-Weper
19. ↑ History and pictures of the Liebfrauenkirche ( Memento of the original from July 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ↑ Museum website