State Hospital (Germany)
State hospitals or district hospitals are public-law hospitals that are run by the federal states or administrative districts in Germany . Abbreviations are "LKH", "PLK" or "des Landes".
General
Many of the large specialist psychiatric hospitals have now been converted into other legal forms, such as public-law institutions or limited liability companies or operations of large hospital groups, which are, however, largely financed by state subsidies and health insurance benefits.
Traditionally, departments or functional areas are, on the psychiatry and psychotherapy held - divided into recording / acute treatment and long-term care, often for child and adolescent psychiatry and forensic psychiatry , so for the indefinite detention for mentally or addicted offenders . Neurological departments are occasionally linked to it.
history
Many state hospitals were founded at the end of the 19th century and went through a development of structure and reforms in the first half of the 20th century. During the Nazi era after 1939, almost everyone was involved in the systematic murder of mentally ill people, such as the T4 campaign .
After the war, it took 30 years and more until the psychiatry reform from 1975, initiated by the psychiatry enquête of the German Bundestag , began, gradually implemented and the old institutions were converted into specialized therapeutic hospitals.
Recent developments
Today, these are mostly open, have day clinics and institute outpatient clinics , are technically differentiated and regionally networked with the outpatient and rehabilitative environment. These processes went hand in hand with a shortening of the treatment times, a strong reduction in beds (de-hospitalization) and an orientation towards clinical acute treatment.
Long-term care often takes place extramurally, i.e. outside the institution walls, in smaller residential groups that are regularly looked after by therapeutic and social workers.