Hanover cliffs
The Hannoversche Klippen (formerly called Würrigser Klippen ) near Würgassen in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Höxter are a group of seven up to 75 m high cliffs made of Weser sandstone on the north bank of the Weser . In one of the outermost eastern foothills of Westphalia , they are close to the border triangle Hesse-Lower Saxony-North Rhine-Westphalia - parallel to the border with Lower Saxony.
The cliffs are located in the Hannoversche Klippen nature reserve ( CDDA no. 81823; designated 1984; 27 hectares in size). The Weser Skywalk has been on the highest rock since 2011 .
Surname
The old name, Würrigser Klippen , comes from the town of Würgassen, which used to be called Würrigsen. Its current name, Hannoversche Klippen , comes from belonging to the Kingdom of Hanover since 1837.
Geographical location
Hanover cliffs
The Hannoversche cliffs that part of the Weserbergland are located as southwestern foothills of the central mountain range Solling directly on the right or north bank of the River Weser . They rise between the towns of Bad Karlshafen (Hesse) and the Beverungen district of Würgassen (North Rhine-Westphalia) and are the only large and widely visible natural rocks of the Solling.
About 1.4 km southeast of the Weser lie the Hessian cliffs , which, together with the Hanover cliffs and the Weser cliffs near Steinmühle, are the only natural red sandstone rocks along the course of the Weser.
The border triangle between Hesse, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia
Not far to the east of the Hanoverian cliffs and north of the Weser, the triangle of Hesse , Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia has been located since October 1, 1971 with the entry into force of the "First State Treaty between the State of Lower Saxony and the State of North Rhine-Westphalia on Changes to the Common Border" ( ⊙ ). Today the boundaries of the community-free area Solling (to the district of Northeim , Lower Saxony), Bad Karlshafen (to the district of Kassel , Hesse) and Würgassen (to the city of Beverungen , district of Höxter , North Rhine-Westphalia) meet. The Holzminden district for the Lower Saxony side is incorrectly shown on many maps , but this is not the only widespread misinformation regarding the location and conditions.
Until 1971, the border between Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia ran downstream in this area from Bad Karlshafen in the middle of the Weser. This course has existed since 1837, so that the center of the Weser was also the border of the corresponding predecessor states or earlier districts: The Lower Saxony area belonged to the Uslar district (formerly the province of Hanover) until 1932 and the Hessian area to the Hofgeismar district until 1972 ( former province of Hessen-Nassau). At the time, the triangle was located on the western outskirts of Bad Karlshafen in the Weser, roughly at the level of the crossing of the "An der Saline" road over the Solling Railway. Under the state treaty, Lower Saxony gave a corresponding piece of land north of the Weser to North Rhine-Westphalia, so that the triangle moved further to the northeast. In the vicinity of the old border triangle, next to a refuge south of the Weser, there is a wooden sign on a stone that merely marks the border between Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Due to the fact that it is incorrectly labeled Dreiländereck (with the coat of arms of the federal states underneath), it is often mistakenly seen as a mark of today's triangle. The sign replaced a wooden signpost that stood in the same place and pointed to the three federal states.
The Lower Saxon state border with North Rhine-Westphalia runs in the western area of the actual triangle two meters south of the public and asphalt road that leads east of Lauenförde on the federal highway 241 starting through its hamlet Brüggefeld to the B 80 in Bad Karlshafen. In the area of the border triangle, this road runs directly above a steep slope. The border between Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia is determined in the aforementioned State Treaty by the course of this road. Furthermore, this street has only been fully recorded in standard maps of many navigation systems based on Nokia Maps (formerly Navteq) since around 2015.
The Dreiländerstein stands on this connecting road at a lookout point above the Weser valley . It is just under 300 m from a steep hairpin bend above the cliffs opposite the entrance to a quarry. However, this square solid stone is located about 150 m as the crow flies west-northwest of the actual triangle in the area of the Northeim district. The reason for this location is the easy and public accessibility: On the one hand, it would be difficult to place a corresponding marking in the correct place because the triangle is located on a steep slope. On the other hand, the immediately adjacent Hessian area is part of a private and inhabited property that is already part of a residential area in the city of Bad Karlshafen. The location of the stone is, however, more attractive because of a good view of the Weser Valley and immediate parking facilities, and it is also much easier to reach without restrictions. For the Lower Saxony side, the stone is marked with a bronze plaque for the Lauenförde patch, which in this state is the closest settlement to both the triangle and the stone and is located in the area of the Holzminden district. In fact, however, the Lower Saxon district bordering on the triangle, and therefore closer, is, as mentioned above, that of the community-free area of Solling, which belongs to the Northeim district and on which the stone itself stands.
However, the triangle is not Hesse's northernmost point, this is just under 4 km east-northeast and a little northeast of Bad Karlshafen on the Weserschleife below the Sieburg , a little north of a curve of the B 80. It is also not North Rhine-Westphalia's most easterly point, which is about 23rd downstream km further (slightly) north-northeast near Stahle (also district Höxter), and not Lower Saxony's southernmost point, which is about 44 km (as the crow flies ) further south-southeast in the Nieste valley in the area of the Göttingen district.
Geological origin
The history of the formation of the Hanoverian cliffs goes back around 250 million years to a period of the early Mesozoic ( Triassic ). Extensive river systems brought in loose sands from the south , which were deposited in the area of today's Weser Uplands. Over the course of millions of years, the deposited layers of red sandstone finally reached a thickness of more than a thousand meters.
The loose river sands solidified into sandstone under the load of these surface layers . In the following years younger were sedimentary rocks by erosion removed areally and the Weser cut in the course of the recent one million years of Earth's history into the red sandstone layers between Solling and Reinhardswald at an average rate of 20 centimeters in Millennium and transported while the loose sands and gravels to the north.
The cliffs were created through the interaction of several processes. In the geological development of the Solling vault, salt leaching in deeper layers of the red sandstone led to collapses. The erosion forces of the Weser, which later broke through the south-west foothills of the Solling, exposed these collapses. The seven massive sandstone cliffs permanently withstood the forces of the Weser. The geological rock formation of the cliffs, which characterizes the landscape, is predominantly forested today and towers over the Wesergrund with its wooded mountain tops by about 100 m.
The red sandstone, also known as the Weser sandstone, is commercially mined above the Hanoverian cliffs . It was cut into slabs one to five centimeters thick and was used until the 19th century mainly for roofing buildings in the area of the Weser Renaissance .
Weser Skywalk
The easternmost cliff had a natural rock lookout pulpit, from which there is a good view of the Reinhardswald forest, neighboring to the southeast , of Bad Karlshafen and Herstelle . In 2011 the Weser-Skywalk was built there, a steel viewing platform from which the view of the Weser Valley is even better.
Transport links
The Hanoverian cliffs can be reached from Bad Karlshafen via the district road 77 of the district of Kassel (An der Saline) and the Winnefelder Straße, which in Lower Saxony leads as Brugesfelder Straße not far northeast past the cliffs to the B 241 . Coming from Würgassen you can get there via a commercial road that is closed to public traffic, which leads directly to the east along the border to the cliffs and meets the aforementioned Brugesfelder Straße. Interestingly, the farm road belongs to the Northeim district, while the Holzminden district adjoins it immediately to the north and the Höxter district immediately to the south.
On Brüggefelder Straße there are two parking spaces above the cliffs, one on the Dreiländerstein mentioned and, since 2011, another immediately behind the steep hairpin bend in the forest. Signposted footpaths lead from the parking lots to the viewing cliff with the Weser Skywalk . The other six cliffs are not accessible, the cliff path connecting them was dismantled until 2010 . From Bad Karlshafen (train station) a hiking trail winds its way up the slope to the Dreiländerstein .
A former district road between Bad Karlshafen and Würgassen running parallel to and directly below the Hanoverian cliffs, which used to be the shortest connection between the two villages, was permanently closed to all traffic due to the acute risk of falling rocks (old K 77 of the Kassel district and former K 31 of the Höxter district ).
In addition, the Solling Railway ( Ottbergen - Northeim ) and the Weser Cycle Path run directly between the Hanoverian cliffs and the Weser .
literature
- Jochen Lepper : The Hanoverian cliffs near Karlshafen - documentation of a geotope. In: Reports of the Natural History Society Hannover, 135, 1993, pp. 213-219.
- Jochen Lepper: The Hanoverian cliffs. In: Yearbook District Höxter 1994, pp. 99-105.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Photo Bad Karlshafen - At the Dreiländerstein with the wrongly labeled Dreiländereck sign on panoramio.com
- ↑ Annex to the "Law on the First State Treaty between the State of Lower Saxony and the State of North Rhine-Westphalia on Changes to the Common State Border (First Border Amendment Agreement Lower Saxony / North Rhine-Westphalia)", Paragraph 8 b), Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Issued July 27, 1971, No. 32, pp. 199-201; or Annex to the "Act on the First State Treaty between the State of Lower Saxony and the State of North Rhine-Westphalia on Changes to the Common State Border" of July 14, 1971, Lower Saxony Law and Ordinance Gazette, issued on July 20, 1971, No. 26, p. 247-256. NRW version available via legal gazettes ( memento of the original from May 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on parlamentsspiegel.de
- ↑ Road map error : See NokiaMaps ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (formerly Navteq) with GoogleMaps
Web links
- "Hannoversche Klippen" nature reserve (HX-023) in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Natura 2000 area DE-4322-303 in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Description with photos and map by the State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology in Lower Saxony, (PDF, 270 kB)
Albaxer Trift | Asseler Forest | On the Berenbruch | On the Eschenberg | Baumerstal | Bielenberg | Bleikuhlen and Waschebachtal | Bramberg | Beech forests between Mühlenberg and Hasselburg | Beech forests between Wildburg and Heineberg | Beech forests between Ziegenberg and Langer Berg | Desenberg | Drachenholl-Diemelaue | Egge-Nord (HX) | Emmeroberlauf and Beberbach | Finkenbruch | Gaffelntal and Kiepenberg | Goldberg | Gradberg | Groundless - Taubenborn | Hammerbachtal | Hanover cliffs | Heinenwiese | Hellberg-Scheffelberg | Hinnenburger Forst with Emder Bachtal | Hirschstein | Hoppenberg | Iberg at Welda | Iburg-Aschenhütte | Lean lime grass near Calenberg and Dalheim | Lean lime lawn near Ossendorf | Lean lime grass near Ottbergen and Bruchhausen | Kalktrifte Willebadessen | Lapwing pond | Kiekenstein | Klingelbachtal | Cliffs and sea of rocks near Hardehausen | King's View | Körbecker Bruch | Crows Mountain | Krekeler Berg - southern slope | Kuhkamp | Lebersiek | Menner strainer | Nausenberg | Nethe | Nethes estuary | Nieheim clay pit | Pölinxer reason | Headwaters Bockskopf | Räuschenberg | Rösebecker Bruch | Rumberg | Samensberg | Satzer Moor | Schalkstal | Schnegelberg | Schwarzbachtal (HX) | Schwiemelkopf | Selsberg | Stahler Ufer | Stockberg | Tunnel on the Kassel-Altenbeken railway line | Southern autumn mountain | Ponds at Steinheimer Holz | Devil's Gorge | Teutonia cliffs and Teutonia | Tonenburg and Saum estuary | Lower Eggeltal | Wandelnsberg | Weldaer Berg | Welda Forest | Wenkenberg | Wiekämpe | Goat field
Coordinates: 51 ° 39 ′ 0 ″ N , 9 ° 25 ′ 54 ″ E