Satzer Moor

Satzer Moor IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
Satzer Moor from the north-west
location	Bad Driburg , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
surface	13.6 ha
Identifier	NSG HX-070
WDPA ID	319050
Geographical location	51 ° 43 '  N , 9 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 43 '12 "  N , 9 ° 4' 6"  E
Setup date	2003
administration	Lower landscape authority of the Höxter district

The Satzer Moor (also Saatzer Moor or Herster Moor ) in Bad Driburg is an approximately 13 hectare nature reserve in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. The structurally rich fen , wet meadow and alluvial forest area is located in the Herste district directly on the B 64 and on the Altenbeken – Kreiensen railway line between Driburg and Herste at an altitude of around 165 to 175 m above sea level. NN.

The field name "Satzer Moor" goes back to a former farm and water mill , the Saatzer Mühle , which has not been preserved. Since it is no longer shown in the Driburger map sheet of the Prussian New Admission, it was probably given up in the 19th century.

geography

In terms of landscape, the nature reserve belongs to the eastern Egge foreland, which borders the Egge Mountains. It is located south of the 244 m high Lilienberg in the valley area of ​​the Aa , which flows through the Satzer Moor from northwest to southeast.

In the immediate vicinity of the Satzer Moors, on the lower slope of the Lilienberg , there are rocks of the Triassic , in particular the Röt and the Lower Muschelkalk (Lower Wavy Limestone). The floors of the Satzer Moors are strongly accordingly by limestone - gravel coined. In some places in the area, calcareous spring water also emerges in the form of seepage or swamp springs ( helokren ), which in the Holocene led to the formation of swampy flat or fen areas or small sedge areas .

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  The Aa in the west of the nature reserve

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  Soil rich in limestone gravel in the grassland area

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  Wet swampy area with willow bushes

history

Location of the Satzer Moor in the Prussian first recording from 1838

Abandoned peat storage just outside the NSG

Originally the valley area of ​​the Driburger Aa, sometimes also called Aabach , in the area of ​​today's Satzer Moors was occupied by natural swamp and floodplain forests.

Presumably in the Middle Ages , the forest was cleared and converted into pasture areas for livestock - in old maps such as the Prussian first survey of 1838, the areas are recognizable as tree-free wet meadows - and the sour grass-rich growth of the fen and meadow areas was later mainly used to obtain litter ( litter meadows ). In the 19th century the meadows were drained by ditches , so that some areas of the valley can be used for arable farming ever since .

Large parts of the fen areas were excavated by the Driburg health spa - the Count's health spa owned by Kaspar Heinrich von Sierstorpff since the end of the 18th century - to extract peat for mud baths . The peat layers in the Satzer Moor were up to three meters thick. Since the Satzer low moor deposits could not meet the peat needs of the spa for long, raised moor peat from today's Minden-Lübbecke district was used later . After their medical use, these were temporarily stored in the old peat cuttings or in specially created moor basins, so that after a few years of regeneration time they could be used again as health treatments .

The use of the Satzer Moors as a peat store ("peat dump") was given up in 1988 and the areas were left to natural development. Just outside of today's nature reserve, near the level crossing, there are even more fortified and fenced peat camps, which, however, are no longer used.

After the Satzer Moor, located in a large landscape protection area , was only recorded as a "biotope worthy of protection" in the NRW biotope register for many years, it was finally designated in 2003 as a nature reserve with the identification number HX-070. Previously, in the 1990s, several mappings had confirmed the international importance of the existing habitat mosaic, especially for species protection , despite the small area size ( Red List of species). The NSG is also part of the European Natura 2000 area network as the FFH area “Satzer Moor” with the identification number DE- 4220-301.

Flora and fauna

plants

Lime spring bogs are rare in Central Europe and mostly only present in small areas. They are characterized by a wealth of minerals but poor in nutrients. In the Satzer Moor, the relic-like and swampy flat moor areas are mainly characterized by large populations of the flea sedge ( Carex pulicaris ). The plant community that is also relevant for protection is the Kalk-Kleinseggenried ( Caricion davallianae ) in the form of the Davall-Seggenried ( Caricetum davallianae ). In 1990 these small sedge stocks in the Satzer Moor occupied an area of ​​around 700 m².

Other rare and endangered bog plants in the area are yellow sedges ( Carex flava agg.), Broad-leaved cottongrass ( Eriophorum latifolium ), round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ), marsh stendrums ( Epipactis palustris ), swamp heart leaf ( Parnassia palustris ), the swamp trident ( Triglochin palustre ) and the bell heather ( Erica tetralix ).

In less boggy areas, the broad-leaved orchid ( Dactylorhiza majalis ), the elder-leaved valerian ( Valeriana sambucifolia ), the marsh marigold ( Caltha palustris ), the devil's bite ( Succisa pratensis ) and the autumn timeless ( Colchicum autumnale ) occur.

The Bryophytes in the protected area has in addition to various peat moss as the fringed peat moss ( sphagnum fimbriatum ) the following rare species: Lime Gold sleep moss ( Campylium calcareum ), lime source moss ( Philonotis calcarea ), giant-Schön moss ( Calliergon giganteum ), Scorpio moss ( Scorpidium scorpioides ), Tip-of-hair thuja moss ( Thuidium philibertii ), pointed-leaved skewer moss ( Calliergonella cuspidata ), curled spiral-toothed moss ( Tortella tortuosa ), mountain short- rifle moss ( Brachythecium starkei ) and yellow-green sickle moss ( Drepanocladus aduncus ).

In total there are several hundred plant species in the Satzer Moor.

Significance for the Westphalian flora history

Species-rich wet meadow and willow bushes in the northeast

The Satzer Moor is a classic place in the history of the Westphalian flora . On the one hand, the area is one of the few places in Westphalia for which reliable botanical records are already available from the 18th century, on the other hand, thanks to further studies from the following two centuries, the development of some rare species over a period of more than 200 years can be traced here .

The first known notes on plant species occurring at the site come from the botanist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart (1742–1795), who visited the Satzer Moor on August 15, 1789 during a multi-day hike from Hanover to Bad Driburg.

“On the Sülte, a meadow near the Satzer Hofe, we found various good sulfur wells, which deserved to be dug up and used. Some of them are quite strong, and in a minute made my silver stick button all black. They don't seem to be short of water either. Here we found a very pleasant plant, which I have never seen before, other than in Herbariis , namely the Ophrydem loeselii . Chara vulgaris , Ch. Tomentosa, Scirpus lacustris , Triglochin palustre , and a large number of Schoenus nigricans also grew here , which I have not yet found in any other way than in Holland. On the other side of the brook there was a sulfur fountain in a meadow, which didn't seem to be very weak either. "

- Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart : Report from 1789

Ehrhart was from 1780 " Royal British and Electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg Botanist" and worked on behalf of the government in Hanover a. a. on a "Hanoverian Plant History". There are later records of types of the Satzer Moor. a. in the description of the Weser region around Höxter and Holzminden by Hermann Emilius Gutheil (1837), in the flora of Westphalia by Ludwig Volrad Jüngst (1852) and in the flora of Westphalia by Konrad Beckhaus (1893). In 1960 Fritz Runge published an overview report on historical observations of rare plant species in the moor, supplemented by his own evidence. In the decades that followed, nature conservation organizations and institutions took numerous other inventories.

Roman snail in the Satzer Moor

Animals

As a valuable habitat, the area is primarily of entomo- , herpeto- and avifaunistic importance. Specially protected animal species that occur in the Satzer Moor are the kingfisher ( Alcedo atthis ), the dipper ( Cinclus cinclus ), the European tree frog ( Hyla arborea ), the common frog ( Rana temporaria ) and the banded demoiselle ( Calopteryx splendens ). The section of the Aa flowing water in the nature reserve is structured close to nature; among other things, the brook lamprey ( Lampetra planeri ) has been identified here. During the spawning season, numerous amphibians also from the surrounding forest and grassland areas can be found in the various still waters of the area .

In addition to various bird species, the protected Roman snails ( Helix pomatia ) are quite easy for visitors to observe from the wayside . They occur in the Satzer Moor in good population density due to the high calcium content in the soil and water .

natural reserve

Information board on the Satzer Moor

Old boardwalk between two peat camps lined with reeds

Wet area of ​​the old moor basin with reeds in winter

The main development goals for the Satzer Moor are the preservation and regeneration of the lime spring swamps and lime flat bogs as well as the moist tall herbaceous vegetation , protection against drainage ( melioration ) and eutrophication and the natural development of the alluvial forest.

In order to achieve the nature conservation goals, the Driburger Verein Naturschutz Aktiv and the landscape station in the Höxter district regularly carry out maintenance measures. This includes the sealing of old dams on the pitted areas in order to maintain the groundwater conditions typical of the habitat , the mowing of the grassland areas and, if necessary - outside of the alluvial forest - the removal of woody growth and reeds in the moor areas. The bush removal prevents in particular the disappearance of rare and light-loving species.

In the softwood alluvial forest, which is characterized by willow , forest use is avoided, so that natural succession and the presence of old and dead wood are promoted. The extensively used grassland areas in the nature reserve serve as buffer zones to the neighboring agricultural areas.

There are no public roads through the nature reserve, there is a general entry ban . On the northern edge of the Satzer Moor there has been an information board next to a small seating area for hikers and visitors since 2008. From there you can see the old peat basins. This point is of the B 64 or from the OTB-cast from a paved Wirtschaftsweg to achieve, which is not approved for public transport (about 500 meters walk). Another farm road leads along the southwestern edge of the area, from which views of the alluvial forest areas are possible.

As part of the nature tourism project "Exquisite Nature" funded by the European Union and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the realization of a moor foot bath and a boardwalk on the Aa is planned for 2011 on the Satzer Moor .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Contributions to natural history between Egge and Weser 20 (2008) 167-169
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Meinolf Sökefeld, Walter Köble: An alliance of active nature conservation in the sentence moor. In: Contributions to natural history between Egge and Weser. Vol. 20. Borgentreich, 2008. ISSN  1860-7640 . Pp. 167-169.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Detmold district government: Ordinance of the regulatory authority for the “Satzer Moor” nature reserve in the city of Bad Driburg, Höxter district of December 3, 2003.
4. ^ Prussian Geological State Institute : Geological map of Prussia and neighboring German countries. Bad Driburg. Sheet number. 2369 (new: 4220). Geologically edited by Hans Stille , 1904.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Burghard Beinlich: Information board on the Satzer Moor. Landscape station in the Höxter district, 2008.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} nature reserve "Satzer Moor" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
7. ↑ EGGE-WESER, Volume 15, Pages 39-42, 2002
8. ↑ Burkhard Beinlich (text), Frank Grawe (photos): Hidden treasures between Egge and Weser. The diversity of nature in the Höxter district. Landscape station in the Höxter district (ed.), Verlag Jörg Mitzkat, Holzminden, 2008. ISBN 978-3-940751-07-2 . P. 77.
9. ↑ ^{a b} LANUV: Natura 2000 area DE-4220-301 “Satzer Moor”.
10. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} LANUV: Natura 2000 standard data sheet DE-4220-301 "Satzer Moor".
11. ^ ^{A b} Thomas Schiffgens: Lime-rich fens. In: Egge-Weser series. Vol. 15. Egge-Weser Natural History Association, Borgentreich, 2002. ISSN  0930-293X . Pp. 39-42.
12. ↑ ^{a b c d} Kurt Preywisch: Did botanical research in the Höxter district begin 200 years ago? In: Egge-Weser series. Vol. 6. Issue 1. Egge-Weser Natural History Association, Höxter, 1989. ISSN  1860-7640 . Pp. 33-51.
13. ↑ Quoted from: Kurt Preywisch: Did botanical research in the Höxter district begin 200 years ago? In: Egge-Weser series. Vol. 6. Issue 1. Naturkundlicher Verein Egge-Weser, Höxter, 1989. P. 38. - there excerpts from the reproduction of the original text from: F. [or A.] Schulz: Friedrich Ehrhart's share in the floristic research of Westphalia. In: Annual report of the Botanical Section of the Westphalian Provincial Association for Science and Art, 42. Münster, 1914. pp. 114–151.
14. ^ Fritz Runge: The change in vegetation in the moor at the former Satzer Mühle over the last 170 years. In: Natur und Heimat, Issue 20, Münster, 1960. ISSN  0028-0593 . Pp. 120-123.
15. ↑ ^{a b c d} LANUV: Protection goals and measures for the Natura 2000 area DE-4220-301 “Satzer Moor”. ( Memento of the original from May 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2001.
16. ↑ District Höxter: Overview of the time and action plan in the “Exquisite Nature” areas. ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

literature

• F. Koppe: The moor at Saatzer Mühle, a seriously threatened natural monument. In: Nature and Home. Issue 1. Münster, 1935. ISSN  0028-0593 . Pp. 3-5.

Web links

Commons : Satzer Moor  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Nature reserve "Satzer Moor" (HX-070) in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia