Sphagnum fimbriatum
| Sphagnum fimbriatum | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fringed peat moss Sphagnum fimbriatum in the Hohenlohe region , Germany |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sphagnum fimbriatum | ||||||||||||
| Wils. & Hook. |
Sphagnum fimbriatum is a peat moss that is assigned to the section Acutifolia in the genus Sphagnum and belongs to the deciduous moss . In German-speaking regions, this species is usually called "fringed peat moss" or, more rarely, "delicate peat moss".
description
Features of the plant
The plants of Sphagnum fimbriatum show themselves mainly in pure green colors with tints of yellowish-green and brownish nuances. They are usually small and slender, but show a more compact structure in areas of the Antarctic flora . This type of peat moss forms loose to dense lawns. Typical are the onion-shaped end buds of the plants and the lack of a metallic sheen when dry. The stems are pale green to straw colored.
The spatulate to broad spatulate shaped stem leaves are 0.8–1.5 (–2) millimeters long, over the broad tip and often partially down at the edges strongly slit or fringed. The leaf margin hardly widens up to a quarter of the base of the leaf. The hyalocytes show a rhomboid-like outline, are equipped with reinforcing fibrils and are either un- or two-part. The branches of Sphagnum fimbriatum are elongated round to long and narrow and stand in whorls of two to four branches, of which one or two branches stand upright and one or two branches hang on the trunk.
The ovate-lanceolate branch leaves are 1.1–1.5 (–2) millimeters long and curled at the leaf tip. The empty, dead hyalocytes have plenty of pores and fibrils of different sizes on both the top and bottom . The chlorophyll- containing , living chlorocytes are not covered by the hyalocytes on the upper side of the leaf and can therefore be seen freely; on the other hand, on the underside of the leaf, they are much less exposed.
Features of sexual development and its organs
A thread-like pre-germ (the protonema ) develops from the spores . This then grows into a body of vegetation, the camp ( thallus ). Only then does the typical sex cell-forming moss plant (the gametophyte ) develop on this tissue thalus, often with a monoecious sexual orientation, with the male sex cell vessels (the antheridia ) in the leaf axils of particularly colored and shaped branches of the terminal bud and the female reproductive organs ( archegonia ) at the tip of the Side branches sit. After fertilization , the sporophyte develops , which among other things consists of the capsule (the sporogon ) and is raised on a relatively long pseudopodium that is up to 1 centimeter in size . The spores are approximately 20-27 micrometers in diameter.
Distribution and location requirements
The habitat of Sphagnum fimbriatum are nutrient-poor ( oligotrophic ), more or less acidic wetlands with a pH range of 3.4 to 7.5. The habitats are wooded, often slightly disturbed moors with swamp forests , forest swamps and moats. The occurrences are often under willow bushes . Companion peat mosses are narrow-leaved peat moss ( Sphagnum angustifolium ), deceptive peat moss ( Sphagnum fallax ), swamp peat moss ( Sphagnum palustre ), Sphagnum squarrosum and Girgensohn's peat moss ( Sphagnum girgensohnii ).
The distribution is given with occurrences on the continents of Eurasia , North America and South America , in southern Africa , on New Zealand and various islands of the Antarctic flora realm. In the European area, occurrences in Norway , Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Hungary and the French region of Normandy are mentioned.
Hazardous situation and protective measures
Sphagnum fimbriatum is included in various national Red Lists of endangered species in European countries, giving expression to its population, which is mostly characterized by the reduction in populated wet areas. In the Red List of Germany the species is currently not seen as endangered, whereas the states of Saarland and Brandenburg rate the species as endangered (category 3). The Switzerland leads Sphagnum fimbriatum in their national Red List as vulnerable (Cat. VU for "vulnerable").
Like all peat mosses, Sphagnum fimbriatum is also a beneficiary of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive No. 92/43 / EEC in the updated version of January 1, 2007 and its protective measures. The habitat of the “Sour Moors with Sphagnum” is placed under protection in Appendix I and, at the same time, the obligation to designate special protected areas is created. With the listing in Appendix V, the member states are free to introduce restrictions on extraction and use.
The Federal Republic of Germany also protects Sphagnum fimbriatum together with all peat moss species on the basis of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG) via Annex 1 of the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) and therefore also designates this species as a specially protected species.
In Switzerland, like all peat moss species and their habitats , Sphagnum fimbriatum is protected by the Federal Law on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection (NHG) and accompanying ordinances. This helps to stop and curb the overexploitation and habitat destruction of the peat moss species. The peat moss itself can be found in Appendix 2 of the relevant ordinance on the list of protected plants. The bogs as the basis of life for peat mosses are also included in the Federal Constitution with Art. 78 Para. 5 on the basis of the Rothenthurm Initiative and are listed here under protection in the inventory of habitat types worthy of protection.
Systematics
Sphagnum fimbriatum is listed in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae. Two sub-taxa are given, which are assigned either to the rank of subspecies or variety:
- Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. & Hook. subsp. fimbriatum or Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. & Hook. var. fimbriatum
- Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. & Hook. subsp. concinnum ( Berggr. ) Flatberg & Frisvoll or Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. & Hook. var. concinnum ( Berggr. ) Warnst.
swell
- Sphagnum fimbriatum in Flora of North America. In:eFloras.org online website. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fringed peat moss in Bryophyta - Mosses / master data. In: ARTeFAKT facts and data. Rhineland-Palatinate State Institute for the Environment, accessed on August 17, 2010 .
- ↑ a b Sphagnaceae. In: Korseby Online. Retrieved October 11, 2010 .
- ↑ Klaus Weddeling, Zool. Research institute u. Museum A. Koenig, Bonn & Gerhard Ludwig, Federal Office f. Nature conservation, Bonn: Sphagnum ssp. L. in Section 2.14 / Code 1409 / Appendix V. (PDF 55.35 kB) Retrieved on August 18, 2010 .
- ↑ Sphagnum girgensohnii . with reference to Sphagnum fimbriatum . In: Flora of North America. eFloras.org, accessed October 11, 2010 .
- ↑ N. Phephu Pretoria National Herbarium March 2009: Sphagnum. In: website www.plantzafrica.com. South African National Biodiversity Institute, accessed August 18, 2010 (Sphagnum fimbriatum in South Africa).
- ↑ Naturhistorisk museum (Natural History Museum) & Universitetet i Oslo (University of Oslo): MOSEHERBARIET (THE BRYOPHYTE HERBARIUM). In: CHECK LIST OF NORWEGIAN MOSSES - SPHAGNATAE. Retrieved August 2, 2010 ( Sphagnum fimbriatum in Norway).
- ↑ Dr. Ludwig opinion and Wiebke Schröder: fringed peat moss Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Formerly in the original ; accessed on August 1, 2011 (according to information from the distribution atlas of mosses in Germany as of 2007). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Peat moss for beginners and professionals. In: Homepage of a botanist. Retrieved August 13, 2011 ( Sphagnum fimbriatum in Sphagnumarten in Austria).
- ^ NISM National Inventory of the Swiss Moss Flora. In: website with Sphagnum fimbriatum. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, accessed on August 18, 2010 .
- ↑ Erzsebet Szurdoki and Peter Odor: Distribution and expansion of sphagnum fimbriatum in Hungary. In: Lindbergia 29: 136-142. Lund 2004. JStor Trusted archives for Scholarship, August 20, 2004, accessed August 18, 2010 .
- ↑ Adaptive Strategies: Phenology, A Sphagnum Case Study. (PDF; 286 kB) Retrieved on August 18, 2010 .
- ↑ Online query for "Sphagnum fimbriatum" in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed on August 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland / Mosses. Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, 2004, accessed on August 20, 2010 (search for Sphagnum fimbriatum in PDF document).
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on August 20, 2010
- ↑ Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV) - Annex 1 (to § 1), protection status of wild animal and plant species. In: juris. Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on August 20, 2010 .
- ↑ WISIA search service of endangered species. In: WISIA Online. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed on August 20, 2010 (search for Sphagnum fimbriatum ).
- ↑ Federal Act on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection of July 1, 1966 (as of January 1, 2008) / Section 3. The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on August 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Ordinance on nature and homeland protection - Appendix 2 (list of protected plants). The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on August 20, 2010 .
- ↑ Moor inventory based on the "Rothenthurm" article of the Federal Constitution. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, archived from the original on March 13, 2010 ; Retrieved August 20, 2010 .
Web links
- Plants Database: Plants Profile: Sphagnum fimbriatum. In: NRCS Natural Resources Concervation Service. USDA United States Department of Agriculture, accessed August 18, 2010 .