Sphagnum girgensohnii
| Sphagnum girgensohnii | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sphagnum girgensohnii in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sphagnum girgensohnii | ||||||||||||
| ( Russow ) |
Girgensohnii Sphagnum is a mostly gray green sphagnum moss, which in the section Acutifolia the genus of peat mosses ( Sphagnum stands) and the mosses part (Bryophyta). This species is called "Girgensohns Torfmoos" or "Girgensohnsches Torfmoos" in German-speaking regions.
description
Features of the plant
Sphagnum girgensohnii is a peat moss species which, depending on the habitat, has a rarely deep green, but mostly gray-green to green-brownish color. The plants are rather strong and show no metallic sheen when dry. The "terminal buds" at the tip of the stems - also known as heads - are clearly star-shaped in a five-pointed arrangement and flattened at the tip. The plants form loose and extensive cushions.
The stems themselves are pale green to yellow-brown in color. The water-storing hyalocyte cells of the trunks are not equipped with fibrils. The central cylinder is yellowish in color.
The upright, tongue-shaped or spatula-shaped stem leaves sit on the stems , the edges of which are fringed and slashed at the broad, clipped tip . The leaf margin is wide at the base and narrow from about the middle. The dimensions of the master blade are from 0.80–1.3 millimeters × 0.75–0.90 millimeters. The hyalocytes are rhomboid , without fibrils and rarely divided.
The arched branches also attach to the trunks in whorl - and fascicle-like tufts with 2-3 protruding and 1-2 hanging branches. The Aststämmchen have the bark statements tissue retort cells on with necks and pores.
The branch leaves show an ovate to ovate-lanceolate shape, the tip of the leaf being strongly curled. They are concave and the leaf margins have entire margins , i.e. smooth. The dimensions are 1.0-1.4 (-1.8) millimeters × 0.50-0.75 millimeters. The leaves are laid out overlapping like roof tiles; when dry, however, they stand out.
Sexual characteristics
The spore capsules of Sphagnum girgensohnii ripen in late summer. The spores are approximately 20-30 micrometers in size and are yellowish in color.
Location and distribution
Sphagnum girgensohnii is a mesotrophent species in terms of nutrient content , which has a certain drought and shade tolerance and thrives on acidic soils with a pH value of 3.4-5.6. It is found in the circumpolar Holarctic and in Southeast Asia from low altitudes to mountainous areas. The species occurs in a wide variety of habitats, preferably on moist forest floors under conifers , rhododendrons or bamboo and in the boreal bush tundra . It can also be found near watercourses.
Sphagnum girgensohnii is often together with the Russow-peat moss ( Sphagnum russowii to find), but also grows with the centered peat moss ( Sphagnum centrale ), the treacherous peat moss ( Sphagnum fallax ), the fringed peat moss ( Sphagnum fimbriatum ), the five-line peat moss ( Sphagnum quinquefarium ), with Warnstorf's peat moss ( Sphagnum warnstorfii ) and with the Magellan's peat moss ( Sphagnum magellanicum ) in shaded locations on bogs. It is similar to Sphagnum rubiginosum , which has reddish pigments and three to four protruding branches per fascicle as distinguishing features.
Sphagnum girgensohnii colonizes North America from Greenland via Canada to about the northern half of the USA ; in Asia , China , Nepal , India , Indonesia , Korea , Japan , Russia and the Caucasus region are mentioned. In Europe, for example, Iceland , Norway , Germany , Austria and Switzerland list this peat moss species as occurring on their national territory.
Systematics
Sphagnum girgensohnii is listed in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae. Sphagnum mehneri Warnstorf is mentioned as a synonym .
Hazardous situation and protective measures
The general reduction in wet areas also characterizes the population situation of Sphagnum girgensohnii . The species is referred to as “declining” in Germany's national red list of endangered species and is also listed as “endangered” in some German states' red lists. This peat moss species is rated as “not endangered” in the Swiss Red List.
Together with all peat mosses, Sphagnum girgensohnii is also protected at the level of the European Union by the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive No. 92/43 / EEC in the updated version of January 1, 2007 with extraction regulations and habitat safeguards.
The Federal Republic of Germany protects the peat moss via the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG) and marks all species of the genus Sphagnum in Appendix 1 to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance to Section 1 Clause 1 as "particularly protected".
Switzerland also provides legal protective measures for all peat moss species and thus also for Sphagnum girgensohnii . In addition, the bogs are placed under protection as a habitat for the peat moss.
swell
- Flora of North America. Sphagnum girgensohnii. www.eFloras.org, accessed on October 5, 2010 (English).
- Moss Flora of China. Sphagnum girgensohnii. www.eFloras.org, accessed on October 5, 2010 (English).
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm , Wolfgang Frey : Moosflora (= UTB . 1250). 4th, revised and expanded edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ludwig opinion and Wiebke Schröder: Sphagnum girgensohnii Girgensohn's peat moss . (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Archived from the original on May 20, 2016 ; accessed on August 3, 2011 (according to information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Girgensohn's sphagnum moss in Bryophyta - Moose. Base data. In: ARTeFAKT facts and data. Rhineland-Palatinate State Institute for the Environment, accessed on October 2, 2010 .
- ↑ Klaus Weddeling, Zool. Research institute u. Museum A. Koenig, Gerhard Ludwig: Sphagnum ssp. L. Section 2.14 / code 1409 / Annex V . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn. S. 311 ( weddeling.info [PDF; 55 kB ; accessed on October 2, 2010]).
- ↑ GBIF observations. Sphagnum girgensohnii distribution map . European Environment Agency, accessed October 2, 2010 .
- ^ Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Flora of North America. Sphagnum quinquefarium with information about Sphagnum girgensohnii . eFloras.org, accessed January 15, 2011 .
- ^ Bryophytes d'Europe. Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow. (No longer available online.) In: Botanique. Association TELA BOTANICA, Institut de Botanique, Montpellier, formerly the original ; Retrieved October 4, 2010 ( Sphagnum girgensohnii in Europa). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Checklist of bryophytes in Iceland. In: Flóra Íslands. Archived from the original on October 20, 2004 ; Retrieved October 2, 2010 (Sphagnum girgensohnii in Iceland).
- ↑ MOSEHERBARIET (THE BRYOPHYTE HERBARIUM). In: CHECK LIST OF NORWEGIAN MOSSES - SPHAGNATAE. Naturhistorisk museum (Natural History Museum), Universitetet i Oslo (University of Oslo), accessed October 2, 2010 ( Sphagnum girgensohnii in Norway).
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Sphagnum species in Austria . Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ. Retrieved October 13, 2011 .
- ^ NISM National Inventory of the Swiss Moss Flora. In: Website with Sphagnum girgensohnii. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, accessed on October 2, 2010 .
- ↑ a b Online query for "Sphagnum girgensohnii" in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed October 4, 2010 .
- ↑ Norbert Schnyder; Ariel Bergamini; Heike Hofmann; Niklaus Müller; Cécile Schubiger-Bossard; Edwin Urmi: Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland: Mosses . Ed .: Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape BUWAL. 2004, p. 86 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: bafu.admin.ch [accessed on October 4, 2010]).
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on October 4, 2010 . APPENDIX I: "Natural habitat types of Community interest, for the conservation of which special protected areas must be designated" → Acid bogs with sphagnum and APPENDIX V: "Animal and plant species of Community interest, the removal of which from nature and use can be the subject of administrative measures" → Sphagnum L. spp. , P. 20 and p. 66.
- ↑ WISIA search service of endangered species. In: WISIA Online. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed on October 5, 2010 (search for Sphagnum girgensohnii ).
- ↑ Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV). Appendix 1 (to § 1), protection status of wild animal and plant species with Sphagnum spp. In: juris. Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on October 5, 2010 .
- ↑ Ordinance on nature and homeland protection. Appendix 2 (List of Protected Plants) with Sphagnum ssp. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on October 5, 2010 .
- ↑ Handbook of Moor Protection - Technical Basics - FOEN. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on October 5, 2010 .
