Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

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Swabian-Franconian forest mountains
Natural spatial main unit of the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains with partial landscapes and Stuttgart slightly to the south-west of it

Natural spatial main unit of the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains with partial landscapes and Stuttgart slightly to the south-west of it

Highest peak Hohe Brach ( 586.9  m above sea  level )
location Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
part of Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land
Coordinates 49 ° 2 '  N , 9 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 2 '  N , 9 ° 33'  E
surface 1,187 km²
Ellwangen around 1900

Ellwangen around 1900

The Altenberg Tower from the northwest

The Altenberg Tower from the northwest

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Bleichsee near Löwenstein

The Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains (also Swabian-Franconian Forest ) are a 1187 km², predominantly wooded, strongly structured and up to 586.9  m above sea level. NHN high mountains in the northeast of Baden-Württemberg . They form the main natural unit 108 within the Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land (main unit group 10 or D58). The name comes from the fact that in the Middle Ages the border between the duchies of Franconia and Swabia cut through this forest area. Even today, Swabian dialect in the south meets East Franconian and South Franconian in the north.

geography

location

The natural area of ​​the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains is the northernmost part of the Keuperbergland within Baden-Württemberg, which extends from the Baar on the border with Switzerland in the southwest to the Hassberge mountains in Bavaria in the northeast.

Neighboring natural areas are the Neckar Basin in the west, the Hohenloher-Haller Ebene in the north, the Frankenhöhe and the Middle Franconian Basin in the east, the Eastern Alb foreland as well as Schurwald and Welzheimer Wald in the south .

The Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains are bounded in the north by Neckarsulm , Waldenburg and Schwäbisch Hall , in the east by Crailsheim and Ellwangen , in the south by Abtsgmünd , Gschwend and Althütte , and in the west by Backnang , Oberstenfeld and Heilbronn . They are located in the districts of Ludwigsburg , Heilbronn , Schwäbisch Hall , the Hohenlohe district , the Rems-Murr district and the Ostalb district . To the west of the Kocher, the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains are largely part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park .

Natural structure

The Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains are structured as follows:

geology

The Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains are part of the Keuperstufe in the south-west German layer level country . Remnants of the Black Jurassic can still be found on the highest elevations . Extensive stepped areas characterize the eastern and northeastern parts, while the western and southwestern part in particular is severely cut by stream and river valleys. In the west and southwest, larger areas can be found at an altitude of between 500 and almost 600 meters, while the east and northeast predominantly have heights of 400 to 500 meters.

Mountain parts and mountains

The Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains are divided clockwise (starting approximately in the north) into the parts Waldenburger Berge , Mainhardter Wald , Limpurger and Ellwanger Berge , Virngrund , Murrhardter Wald , Löwensteiner Berge , Heilbronner Berge and Sulmer Bergebene ; In addition to these mountain parts, the landscape includes the Weinsberger Valley, which lies between the last two mountain ranges mentioned .

The highest point in the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains is the Hohe Brach ( 586.9  m ). Other high mountains include Hornberg ( 584.2  m ), Hohenstein ( 572.7  m ), Hohenberg ( 570.4  m ), Altenberg  ( 564.7  m ), Stocksberg  ( 539.7  m ), Flinsberg  ( 535  m) ), Burgberg  ( 534.8  m ), Juxkopf  ( 533.2  m ) and Steinknickle  ( 527.1  m ).

Waters

The Swabian-Franconian forest mountains belong almost entirely to the catchment area of ​​the Neckar and thus the Rhine . They are mainly drained by the rivers Murr in the west, Rems in the south and Kocher and Jagst in the north and east and their tributaries. The well-known tributaries of the Murr include the "Spiegelberger" Lauter , Bottwar and Hörschbach ; The Wieslauf flows to the Rems and the Lein , Fichtenberger Rot , Bibers , Bühler , Ohrn and Brettach flows to the Kocher . The Sulm and Schozach in the northwest of the landscape flow directly to the Neckar . The Virngrund partly belongs to the catchment area of ​​the Rotach, a tributary of the Wörnitz , which flows into the Danube .

The water network in the mountainous region is very dense and delicate. Two for the mountains typical features are the numerous caves called niches on the upper reaches and the large number of small waterfalls , which are mostly of hard sandstone - banks have formed.

Many bodies of water initially flow southeast, then turn with a sharp bend to the northwest, a result of numerous diversions of rivers formerly flowing downstream towards the Rhine river system in the course of the Younger Tertiary .

In the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains there are a number of lakes , including: Aichstruter Reservoir , Breitenauer See , Buchhorner See , Diebachstausee , Ebnisee , Eisenbach flood retention basin (Eisenbachsee) , Finsterroter See , Gleichener See , Gnadentalsee , Hagerwaldsee , Hammerschmiedesee , Leineckhaltebsee , Hüttenbühlebsee (Leinecksee) , Neumühlsee , flood retention basin Reichenbach (Reichenbachsee) , Treibsee and Fornsbacher Waldsee . Most of the lakes are reservoirs created for this or that purpose : the older ones are used as driving lakes (see Rafting # Trift ) for rafting like the Ebnisee or as one of the numerous smaller mill ponds , the younger ones for flood protection. Most of the lakes are used for bathing in summer and for ice skating in winter.

climate

For the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains, the Ellwangen measuring station (439 m) can be assumed to be typical of the natural area. The mean monthly temperature here is −1.7 ° C in January and 16.9  ° C in July. The mean annual temperature is 7.6 ° C. In the Keuperwald mountains about 140 to 160 days with a daily mean of at least 10 ° C can be detected.

The mean annual rainfall in the Keuperwald Mountains varies depending on the small area. In the lower positions it is around 750 to 900 mm, in higher positions it is around 900 to 1400 mm. Similar to the Swabian Alb  , the damming effect of the Keuperwald Mountains causes increased rainfall in the step edge areas around the Welzheimer Forest , around the Löwensteiner Mountains and in the southern part of the Hohenlohe Plain . In the Keuperwald mountains there are hardly any altitudes above 500 m, but the mean annual rainfall can be up to 1000 mm and above. This means that the amount of precipitation is comparable to that in the highest altitudes of the Middle Kuppenalb at an altitude of over 900 m. This phenomenon can be explained primarily by the location of the Kraichgau , upstream to the west , which allows rain fronts to penetrate due to its low relief .

Dialect geography

The northern border of the Alemannic dialect area runs through the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

Through the Swabian-Franconian forests there are important isoglosses (boundaries between individual features in everyday language) that separate the entire Swabian area in the south from the East Franconian or South Franconian area in the north. In the west these are quite broad, so that the transition between the dialects is locally staggered in a sequence of individual changes in vocabulary and pronunciation, so there is a wide Swabian-Franconian transition area. In the east of the forest area, on the other hand, the isoglosses run close to each other or even on top of each other, so the language change is geographically very abrupt, the dialect boundary is as sharp as it is rarely anywhere else in German-speaking countries. The isoglosses run roughly west-east, they enter the region from the area south of Heilbronn, pass through the Löwenstein Mountains, then between Rottal in the north and Murrtal in the south and then cross the Kocher south of Gaildorf and the Jagst south of Stimpfach . Even further east around Dinkelsbühl the isoglosses spread out again, so here there is a second area of ​​further Swabian-Franconian language mix. A spreading of Swabian language features to the north has been observed for a long time, especially along the axes of the Neckar and Kocher. The explanations given are often population movements, different degrees of esteem for the two dialects, language use according to social class, low presence of Franconian in the media and the like.

See also: Border places of the Alemannic dialect area

Historical

The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes , a temporary north-eastern protective wall of the Roman Empire from the Germanic peoples, runs through the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains .

For a long time, the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains were an inaccessible forest wilderness . Only in the context of the Alemannic conquest were some villages founded. The area was only more heavily populated in the High Middle Ages . Around 1900 the Franconian-Swabian Forest was still a poor and lonely area. It was even mockingly said that one had to look for the villages there with the lantern, that the houses and the heads of the residents were boarded up. Even today the area is sparsely populated and there are many hamlets there .

traffic

Railway lines

Railway lines that are still in operation or shut down through the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains or on their edges are:

Others

The Rems-Murr district has set up the so-called forest bus, which opens up the Swabian Forest for leisure trips on Sundays and public holidays.

For about 100 years the wooded ridges for tourism have been summarized as the "Swabian Forest".

literature

  • Paul Strähle: Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park . Revised by Theo Müller . 4th, revised and expanded edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-8062-2033-6 .
  • LUBW State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): Naturführer Schwäbischer Wald. (Series Naturschutz-Spectrum. Areas , Vol. 29). regional culture publisher , Ubstadt-Weiher 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-507-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ Main natural areas of Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 3.1 MB), amendments (PDF; 2.4 MB; pp. 55–58) - LUBW ( notes ), p. 2.
  3. ↑ Josef Schmithüsen : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 161 Karlsruhe. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. →  Online map (PDF; 5.1 MB)
  4. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
  5. ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  6. ↑ Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 171 Göppingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1961. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  7. ↑ The name Fischbacher Bucht und Randhöhen mentioned in the literature for the sub-area No. 108.61 is misleading, which is why it has been replaced here by the more appropriate name Fischachbucht und Randhöhen .
    The natural space almost completely dewatered stream named Fischach and not fish b oh . The latter name is a completely unusual name in the region and at least on not very old maps. The eponymous valley villages are called Ober-, Mittel- and Unter Fischach . Already the description of the Oberamt Gaildorf from 1852 speaks of the Bachtal only, like the locals still today, as "Fischachthal, in the vernacular 'Fischerthal'" (p. 8). Probably existed the fish b oh here earlier only on paper.
  8. ^ Siegfried Kullen: Klett country profiles - Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1983, p. 24ff

Web links

Commons : Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains  - Collection of images, videos and audio files