Crailsheim
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Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ' N , 10 ° 4' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Stuttgart | |
| County : | Schwäbisch Hall | |
| Height : | 414 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 109.08 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 34,400 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 315 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 74564, 74597 | |
| Primaries : | 07951, 07954 , 07904 | |
| License plate : | SHA, BK , CR | |
| Community key : | 08 1 27 014 | |
| LOCODE : | DE CRH | |
| City structure: | Core city and 8 districts | |
City administration address : |
Marktplatz 1 74564 Crailsheim |
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| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Christoph Grimmer (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Crailsheim in the Schwäbisch Hall district | ||
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Crailsheim (in the regional dialect [ ˈgʀɑːlsɘ ]) is a city in the Franconian north-east of Baden-Württemberg , about 32 kilometers east of Schwäbisch Hall and 40 kilometers southwest of Ansbach . After Schwäbisch Hall, it is the second largest city in the Schwäbisch Hall district and the third largest in the Heilbronn-Franconia region .
Crailsheim has been a major district town since January 1, 1972 . The city of Crailsheim has entered into an agreed administrative partnership with the communities of Frankenhardt , Satteldorf and Stimpfach .
geography
location
Crailsheim lies on both sides of the Jagst in the wide, stepped bay named after it, Crailsheim Bay, which the river cleared when it emerged from the Keuper Hills in the south and east on the border with the Gäu landscape of the southeast Hohenlohe and Haller plains . The river then continues in the Kocher-Jagst plains . The framing mountains east of the bay, called Crailsheimer Hardt , are part of the Frankenhöhe . The west and south-west edges are formed by the high-altitude forests around the Burgberg (534 m), which are morphologically separated in the south by the Ellwang Mountains , both parts of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains . All of the aforementioned natural areas have a share in the urban area .
Neighboring communities
The following cities and communities border the city, clockwise from the northeast: Satteldorf , Kreßberg , Fichtenau , Stimpfach , Frankenhardt , Vellberg , Ilshofen and Kirchberg an der Jagst (all districts of Schwäbisch Hall).
City structure
The urban area of Crailsheim is divided into the nine districts of Beuerlbach, Crailsheim, Goldbach, Jagstheim , Onolzheim, Roßfeld, Tiefenbach , Triensbach and Westgartshausen. All city districts, with the exception of Beuerlbach and Crailsheim, are also localities according to the Baden-Württemberg municipal code , i. i.e. they have a local council with a mayor as chairman. The local councils are elected by the local population with voting rights at each local election.
Some of the city districts are further subdivided administratively into residential areas or districts or residential areas with their own names:
- Crailsheim: Kernstadt, Altenmünster , Ingersheim and Rodmühle
- Goldbach: Goldbach; the castle site of the former Schönebürg Castle is now a forest recreation facility
- Westgartshausen: Lohr, Mittelmühle, Ofenbach , Oßhalden, Schüttberg, Wegses, Westgartshausen and Wittau as well as the castle Lohr, which the Lords of Lohr has lost
- Jagstheim: Alexandersreut , Burgbergsiedlung (new housing estate), Eichelberg, Jagstheim, Stöckenhof, Kaihof and Jakobsburg as well as the expired Pfannenburg
- Onolzheim: Onolzheim and Hammerschmiede, Burgstall Onolzheim
- Roßfeld: Hagenhof, Ölhaus, Maulach, Roßfeld, Sauerbronnen and parts of the former US military base McKee Barracks, which has been converted into a residential area, as well as the expired Wasserburg Flügelau
- Tiefenbach: Rüddern, Tiefenbach, Weidenhäuser Mühle , Wollmershausen
- Triensbach: Buch, Erkenbrechtshausen, Heinkenbusch, Saurach, Triensbach and Weilershof
The core city itself consists of the residential areas
- Inner city, it includes the area of the old town
- Schießberg, also popularly known as "Hexenbuckel", in the northeast
- Kreuzberg, a district built up in the east and south since the 1950s, is now the largest district
- Turkey, a district in the south (the name probably derives from the conditions in the workers' camp, which was built there for the construction of the railway towards the end of the 19th century, but not from the nationality of these migrant workers)
- Air base, located on the former airfield area in the west, which was destroyed in 1945, today mostly a commercial area
- Sauerbrunnen, a refugee settlement built up in the west in the post-war period
- Roter Buck, a settlement in the northwest that was mainly built in the 1960s and 1970s
Division of space
According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.
Spatial planning
Crailsheim forms a middle center within the Heilbronn-Franconia region , in which Heilbronn is designated as a regional center . In addition to Crailsheim, the central area Crailsheim includes the cities and communities in the north-eastern part of the Schwäbisch Hall district, namely Blaufelden , Fichtenau , Frankenhardt , Gerabronn , Kirchberg an der Jagst , Kreßberg , Langenburg , Rot am See , Satteldorf , Schrozberg , Stimpfach and Wallhausen .
history
Early and High Middle Ages
In the early Middle Ages, the area around Crailsheim was part of the Maulachgau, which was part of the Duchy of Franconia . The city itself has its origins in a Franconian settlement from the 7th century near a Jagst crossing. Crailsheim was first mentioned in a document from 1136, when it was still called "Cröwelsheim", later "Krawelsheim". Leading noble families at this time were the lords of Lohr and von Flügelau ; Parts belonged to St. Moritz Abbey in Augsburg. After the lords of Lohr and von Flügelau died out, Crailsheim came to the Counts of Oettingen at the end of the 13th century .
After the imperial ban was imposed on Konrad Schrimpf Graf von Oettingen in 1310, Crailsheim was drafted as an imperial fief and four years later handed over to the noble lords of Hohenlohe . In 1324 Crailsheim appeared as a market , in 1335 as a customs post , whose income Kraft von Hohenlohe had received from Ludwig the Bavarian , in 1338 it was elevated to the status of a town and given town charter and the ban on blood . In 1350 the construction of a city wall began.
The Swabian Association of Cities and the Horaffe Legend
In 1376, various cities in the Swabian League of Cities united against Emperor Charles IV , who squeezed them hard and was also called "the German Empire's stepfather" due to his greed. He received support including a. from Kraft IV. von Hohenlohe. After mutual looting and arson belonging to the Swabian league of cities attracted imperial cities Schwäbisch Hall, Rothenburg and Dinkelsbühl in autumn 1379 before standing in hohenlohischem property City Crailsheim and besieged them until they unsuccessfully on February 17, the Wednesday before Estomihi , of the year 1380 had to pull off. So far the processes are historically documented.
It is often said that the trapped Crailsheimers - especially the Crailsheimers - after months of the siege that had worn them down, resorted to one last trick to avert the storming of the city. The women collected the last remaining flour, baked the unmistakable Horaffen (= "horn open") from it and threw them over the city wall. At the same time, the mayor's wife bravely climbed the city wall and pulled bare: she held out her rear end towards the attackers, the contours of which from below, from the view of the besiegers, resembled those of the Horaffen. The citizens of the Reichsstadt were shocked at the corpulence and now feared that all Crailsheimers who were trapped inside were as well fed as the mayor's wife and that it would therefore take a long time to starve the city out. Since the mercenary armies deployed by the cities swallowed up large sums of money, one felt compelled to withdraw. Since then, the people of Crailsheim have been celebrating the Wednesday before Estomihi as a city holiday (2016 on February 3), on which the students of the Crailsheim schools each receive a Horaffe from the Crailsheim bakeries.
Another interpretation of the Horaffen pastry goes back to the wife of Kraft II von Hohenlohe, Adelheid von Württemberg. She is said to have had her place of residence on Schönebürg near Goldbach (hence the Adelheidsruh street or Adelheidstrasse across from the Volksfestplatz) and often drove to Crailsheim via the Ansbacher Tor, which opened up in front of her by itself. She is said to have set up a soul foundation in the Johanneskirche, to which the Horaffen refer as so-called sea pastries , and probably bequeathed fields, meadows and forests as well as fish ponds to the city of Crailsheim, which became common land .
Belonging to the Principality of Ansbach
In 1387 the city was pledged by the Hohenlohe Counts to the three imperial cities of Rothenburg , Hall and Dinkelsbühl , in the following year and again in 1390 to the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg , who in 1399 gave them to the Burgraves of Nuremberg from the House of Hohenzollern - who later became Margraves of Brandenburg- Ansbach were sold for 26,000 guilders . Crailsheim was part of the principality of Ansbach , which from 1500 belonged to the Franconian Empire ; in the Principality of Ansbach the Reformation was carried out at an early stage (see also below under religions ).
Witch hunts took place in Crailsheim between 1552 and 1603 . 17 men and women, including one Anna Dürrin , got into a witch trial . At least six did not survive. The last execution was carried out on Anna Dasing called "the rope woman" in 1594.
In the 18th century there were already numerous Jewish families who built their own synagogue in 1783 . It was desecrated in the November pogrom in 1938 and later fell victim to the Second World War .
In 1791/1792 Crailsheim went over to Prussia together with the Principality of Ansbach ; In 1806 it came to the Kingdom of Bavaria as a result of the coalition wars .
Württemberg time
In 1810 the city was ceded by Bavaria to the Kingdom of Württemberg on the basis of the border treaty of 1810 . Württemberg made Crailsheim the seat of the Crailsheim Oberamt , which in its function corresponded to a current district. In 1817 the Oberamt Crailsheim was subordinated to the newly founded Württemberg Jagstkreis , which performed the tasks of what is now a government district.
The railway construction of the Württemberg State Railways made the city a railway junction and border station on the important Stuttgart – Nuremberg line (1875). A noticeable economic upswing set in.
Nazi era
In the 1930s, the Luftwaffe built an airfield in the west of the city. During the Nazi era , there were several administrative reforms in Württemberg. In 1934, the Crailsheim District Office became the Crailsheim district , from which the Crailsheim district emerged in 1938 .
The memorial book of the Federal Archives for the victims of the National Socialist persecution of Jews in Germany (1933–1945) lists 53 Jewish residents of Crailsheim who were deported and mostly murdered . The central database of names of Holocaust victims (Beta) by Yad Vashem listed by name 45 Jewish citizens who had lived before the war in Crailsheim and murdered.
The airfield and railroad were targets of Allied air raids from 1944 onwards during World War II . After the city had been captured by the Americans at the beginning of April 1945, German counter-attacks during the Battle of Crailsheim forced the Americans to retreat again. In the course of its second conquest, 80% of the city and 95% of the historic city center was destroyed by US air raids on April 20, 1945.
post war period
In 1945 Crailsheim fell into the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden . When Baden-Württemberg was founded in 1952, the city became part of what is now the federal state.
After the war, Crailsheim was not rebuilt according to the historical model, but within the framework of general planning according to the then modern concepts; the cityscape was greatly changed.
With the first incorporation of neighboring communities in 1971, the population of Crailsheim exceeded the 20,000 mark. As a result, the city administration applied for a major district town, which the Baden-Württemberg state government then decided with effect from January 1, 1972. In the course of the district reform on January 1, 1973 , the Crailsheim district was added to the Schwäbisch Hall district.
In 2015 Crailsheim was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .
Incorporations
- April 1, 1940: Ingersheim with Altenmünster and Rodmühle
- January 1, 1971: Tiefenbach
- August 1, 1971: Onolzheim
- January 1, 1972: Roßfeld
- March 1, 1972: Jagstheim
- January 1, 1973: Westgartshausen
- January 1, 1975: Goldbach, Triensbach and the Beuerlbach district of the Satteldorf community
 Ingersheim |
 Tiefenbach |
 Onolzheim |
 Rossfeld |
 Jagstheim |
 Westgartshausen |
 Goldbach |
 Triensbach |
 Beuerlbach |
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Population statistics
Population figures according to the respective area. The figures are estimates, census results (1) or official updates from the respective statistical offices (main residences only).
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Christianity
The area of the city of Crailsheim originally belonged to the Diocese of Würzburg and was assigned to the Archdiaconate Chapter Crailsheim. In 1522, with the first evangelical sermon by Adam Weiß, the Reformation began in the city, which was soon fully implemented (1525 new church order ). The city soon became the seat of a deanery within the Margraviate of Ansbach . Afterwards Crailsheim was a predominantly Protestant city for many centuries. Since the transition to Württemberg , the parish has belonged to the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . Crailsheim also remained the seat of a deanery (see Crailsheim Church District ), to which the parishes of the entire surrounding area belong today. The area of the core city is now taken care of by the overall parish of Crailsheim, consisting of the Johanneskirche parish and the Christ parish (Sauerbrunnen / Roter Buck), plus the parishes in Altenmünster and Ingersheim, and further parishes in the districts of Goldbach, Ingersheim, Jagstheim, Onolzheim, Roßfeld, Tiefenbach , Triensbach and Westgartshausen.
Catholics also moved to Crailsheim by the 19th century at the latest . Since 1877 there has been a separate parish again and in 1886/87 the church of St. Bonifatius was built, which was replaced in 1966 by a new building without a tower. The second parish "To the Most Holy Trinity" was founded in 1964 and moved into a new church in the same year. Both parishes now form the Crailsheim pastoral care unit in the Schwäbisch Hall deanery within the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese , which looks after all Catholics in the Crailsheim urban area. In addition to the two churches in the city center, there are three other Catholic churches in the city area, in Onolzheim (Christ the King), Jagstheim (St. Peter and Paul) and Westgartshausen (Holy Spirit).
In addition to the two large churches, there are also free churches in Crailsheim , including an Evangelical Free Church Congregation , an Evangelical Methodist Church , a Free Christian Congregation , the Seventh-day Adventist Community , the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church , the South German Community Association and the Christian Center of Popular Mission .
There is also a Catholic Apostolic Congregation in Crailsheim , the New Apostolic Church - also in Goldbach and Jagstheim - and Jehovah's Witnesses .
Denomination statistics
According to the 2011 census , 54.0% of the population were Protestant , 21.2% Roman Catholic and 24.8% belonged to another religious community or no religious community or remained without information. At the end of 2015, around 49% of the population was Protestant, 20.5 percent were Catholic, and the remaining 30.5 percent belonged to other religions or were non-denominational. At the end of 2019, 44.6 percent of the population were Protestant, 19.1 percent Catholic, and the remaining 36.3 percent belonged to other religions or were non-denominational.
politics
Municipal council
In addition to the mayor as chairman, the municipal council of Crailsheim has 43 members who hold the title of city council . The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result:
| Party / list | Share of votes | +/-% p | Seats | +/- |
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| CDU | 34.07% | - 6.3 | 15th | - 2nd |
| AWV | 23.78% | + 5.5 | 10 | + 2 |
| SPD | 22.71% | - 3.8 | 10 | - 1 |
| Green | 13.97% | + 2.5 | 6th | + 1 |
| BLC | 5.48% | + 2.4 | 2 | + 1 |
+/−: Change compared to the 2014 election
Following the federal trend, the two traditional popular parties, the CDU and the SPD, clearly lost votes, while all the other lists recorded an increase in votes. Due to compensatory seats, the municipal council grew from 42 to 43 members. The turnout increased significantly from 35.0 to 44.7 percent.
The Independent Green List (UGL), which has been represented in the municipal council since 1984, no longer ran for the 2014 election. The list of the Greens and the Crailsheim Citizens' List (BLC) emerged from it. The list of solution-oriented makers (LOM), which remained unsuccessful in the 2014 election , did not take part in 2019.
mayor
At the head of the city was originally a bailiff who exercised the high level of jurisdiction. The lower jurisdiction was the responsibility of the council, the two mayors and twelve judges. The council consisted of seven men from 1338, then nine men. Later there was an upper and a lower council. The council has been changed several times. In the time of Württemberg, the city school was at the head of the city, which received the official title of mayor after the introduction of the German municipal code in 1935. Since 1972, when Crailsheim became a major district town, the mayor has held the title of mayor . This is elected directly by the electorate for eight years.
Lord Mayor
The non-party Christoph Grimmer has been Lord Mayor since February 1, 2018 . In the election on November 12, 2017, with 56.9% of the votes cast and a turnout of 39.1% in a broad field of twelve candidates, he opposed, among others, the competitor Ulrich Seel (CDU; 12.14%), Sebastian Klunker (no party; 11.54%) and Jürgen Loga (no party; 9.29%) were able to prevail with an absolute majority in the first ballot .
The predecessor from February 1, 2010 to January 31, 2018 was Rudolf Michl (SPD), who refrained from running for a second term for purely private reasons. Michl was elected to office on November 29, 2009 in the second ballot after none of the candidates could achieve an absolute majority in the first ballot on November 8, 2009. Only a simple majority was required for this. Michl achieved an absolute majority of 50.8%. Michl's predecessor from 1999 to 2009 was Andreas Raab (CDU), who on June 25, 2009, because of health problems and attacks from the local council, announced his resignation on October 31, 2009, and then announced on July 17, 2009, to resign from office as Lord Mayor at the end of September 11, 2009 and also to resign from his district council mandate, for which he was only re-elected on June 7, 2009 as the district king.
Alderman
In addition to the mayor, Crailsheim currently has a full-time deputy, the mayor for social affairs and building . Jörg Steuler has held this position since June 14, 2018 . He oversees the departments urban development, construction and transport, social affairs and culture as well as security and citizen service. Steuler comes from Neuwied and previously worked there for many years as a building authority manager .
Until 2018 the mayor had two full-time deputies, the councilors. The first alderman carried the title of First Mayor . From 1994 to the end, this office was held by Harald Rilk, who was independent from the party and from 1999 to 2009 was also a member of the district assembly for the Free Voters. The other councilor and second deputy of the mayor carried the official title of mayor and was responsible, among other things, for building matters ("building mayor"). Herbert Holl (CDU) has held this position since 2002. The terms of office of the two deputies ended in February and April 2018. Neither of them wanted to be available for any further terms. One of Grimmer's campaign concerns was to optimize the organization of the city's elite and to appoint only one deputy in the future. With a resolution of the municipal council in the February 2018 meeting, this proposal was complied with.
coat of arms
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Blazon : "The coat of arms of the city of Crailsheim showsthree overturned black boiler hooks (" Kräuel "or" Craile ") side by sidein gold ." |
| Justification of the coat of arms: It is a so-called " talking coat of arms ". The Krauel can be traced back to the seal around 1310. Initially they were upright, i.e. H. in working position with the handles upwards, pictured, from 1434 they appear in the overturned position, the three passes (rings) downwards. The colors of the coat of arms were determined in the 19th century. |
The city flag is black and yellow.
Town twinning
Crailsheim has been twinned with Worthington , Minnesota (USA) since 1947 , the very first German-American twinning. Crailsheim has been a twin town of Pamiers (southern France) since 1969 and Jurbarkas (Lithuania) and Biłgoraj (Poland) since 2000 .
Economy and Infrastructure
Voith Turbo builds heavy machinery in Crailsheim. Many special machine builders are located locally, especially manufacturers of packaging machines : the companies Groninger & Co. GmbH , in the direct vicinity of Gerhard Schubert GmbH , and R. Weiss Verpackungstechnik GmbH & Co. KG. Furthermore, a Robert Bosch GmbH plant consists of the Bosch Packaging Technology division.
The consumer goods industry is represented by a plant of the US company Procter & Gamble and several companies in the food industry: a production facility of the company Bürger- Maultaschen, the slaughter and cutting company Vion Crailsheim GmbH , a bread factory (part of the Lieken Group with 300 employees), as well as the private brewery Engel . The city is home and seat of the Möbus shoe brand . The Sparkasse Schwäbisch Hall-Crailsheim is headquartered in Crailsheim and Schwäbisch Hall .
The Crailsheim companies employ a total of over 20,000 workers and make the city, together with its trading operations, which makes it the central shopping city for 100,000 people, the economic center of the region. Agriculture is practiced in the surrounding area.
traffic
railroad
The Crailsheim Station is an important railway junction. Here meet Upper Jagst Railway , the Hohenlohe Railway , the Nuremberg-Crailsheim railway and the railway Crailsheim-Königshofen each other.
Crailsheim is on the InterCity - Line 61 approached (Basel) Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Aalen-Nuremberg in two-hour intervals from long-distance trains. Regional traffic to Stuttgart, Nuremberg, Ulm, Heilbronn and Aschaffenburg is served in the same rhythm by several regional express lines and to Würzburg by a regional train line.
The city of Crailsheim has been named after the ICE 1 with the multiple unit number 401-168 since October 19, 2004 . On November 11, 2017 came DB Regio railcars 3442-700 of the type BOMBARDIER TALENT 2 added.
Street
The national highway 290 leads from Bad Mergentheim in the northwest over the Hohenlohe plain to Crailsheim and then chase up further south of Ellwangen . From Schwäbisch Hall in the west- south- west, state road 2218 leads via Crailsheim to Dinkelsbühl in the east-south-east, from the state border with Bavaria as state road 2218 . Via Crailsheim the L 1066 connects Gaildorf in the southwest with Feuchtwangen in the east, from the border as St 1066 . Before the construction of the A 6, the old B 14 ran on today's western route from Schwäbisch Hall on the L 2218 and the eastern to Feuchtwangen on the L 1066 . This was downgraded to a state road in this area.
Crailsheim has a connection to the federal autobahn 6 Heilbronn – Nürnberg via the B 290 about 5 km north of the city center near Satteldorf . The Feuchtwangen / Crailsheim motorway junction is just under 14 km northeast of the city , where the A 6 meets the A 7 Ulm – Würzburg. Via the L 1066 from Crailsheim, after about 14 km in the east, you reach the first connection point Feuchtwangen on the A 7 south of the motorway junction, via the L 2218 after about 12 km in the east-southeast your next Dinkelsbühl-Fichtenau. Both connections initially lead up the steep western slope of the Frankenhöhe via steep slopes .
Local transport
The local public transport ( ÖPNV ) serve several bus lines. The city bus operator is StadtBus Crailsheim SBC . The city belongs to the Verkehrsverbund KreisVerkehr Schwäbisch Hall , whose lines in the Crailsheim area have two-digit numbers with a leading 5 or 6.
energy
In the newly developed residential and mixed area of Hirtenwiesen (formerly the site of the Air Force, later barracks of the US armed forces), there is Germany's largest connected thermal solar system with currently 7500 m² of collector area. The system replaces 200,000 liters of heating oil annually and avoids 500 tons of greenhouse gases.
media
The Official and Intelligence Gazette for the Oberamt Crailsheim and the surrounding area has been published since 1838 . This resulted in the Franconian border messenger in 1872 , which existed until 1941. The Hohenloher Tagblatt is published daily in Crailsheim today . It is published by Hohenloher Druck- und Verlagshaus Verlag Hohenloher Tagblatt Richter and Gebr. Wankmüller GmbH & Co KG (HDV) in Crailsheim and receives the supraregional cover from the Südwestpresse in Ulm. Weekly since the end of 1968, published by the city administration appear Official Journal Crailsheim City Journal and the free advertising paper Hohenlohe by the publisher of the Hohenloher Tagblatt.
Courts, authorities and institutions
Crailsheim is the seat of a local court that belongs to the Ellwangen District Court and the Stuttgart Higher Regional Court district, as well as several chambers of the Heilbronn Labor Court . There is also a branch of the Schwäbisch Hall tax office , a branch of the Schwäbisch Hall district office and a land consolidation office. The Crailsheim police station is part of the Aalen police headquarters and is responsible for the communities of the former Crailsheim district. The criminal investigation department is responsible for the criminal investigation department in Schwäbisch Hall. The employment agency is represented by a branch in Crailsheim.
The city is also the seat of the Crailsheim church district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg .
The Crailsheim Clinic, for which a new building has been under construction since May 2013, is located on the outskirts of the city center , in the immediate vicinity of the local police station and the fire station of the voluntary fire brigade of Crailsheim's core city.
education
The city of Crailsheim is responsible for two grammar schools (Albert-Schweitzer-Gymnasium and Lise-Meitner-Gymnasium), two secondary schools (Realschule am Karlsberg and Realschule zur Flügelau), a special needs school (Käthe-Kollwitz-Schule), two elementary and industrial schools ( Eichendorff School and Leonhard Sachs School) as well as four primary schools (Astrid Lindgren School, Geschwister Scholl School, Reußenberg School and Altenmünster School).
The district of Schwäbisch Hall is responsible for the three vocational schools (commercial school with technical grammar school, commercial school with commercial grammar school and Eugen-Grimminger school - domestic and agricultural school with social science grammar school) and the school for the speech-impaired.
The Crailsheim municipal adult education center , which offers an evening secondary school, as well as the Albertus Magnus Free Academy (elementary school and grammar school) and the Waldorf School on Burgberg complete the range of schools in Crailsheim.
Culture and sights
The cultural offer in Crailsheim is diversified with a diverse spectrum in music, literature, theater and the visual arts. There are both urban and civic cultural events. The municipal museum is located in the former hospital in Crailsheim.
One of the highlights is the cultural weekend that is held every summer. The cultural festival, which has been taking place since 1994, is largely financed by the city and is free of charge for every visitor.
Buildings
As a strategically important railway junction, Crailsheim was heavily bombed in World War II and 80 percent of it was destroyed. The Liebfrauenkapelle (Liebfrauenkapelle) , consecrated in 1393, the Johanneskirche (construction period 1398–1440) and the Spital zum Heiligen Geist from 1400 as well as the 57.5 m high town hall tower were preserved or rebuilt after the war . This was rebuilt as a watchtower in the years 1717–1718. There is no historical evidence that the town hall tower was built on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Reformation. A corresponding plaque on the tower and the designation of the tower as "the highest Reformation monument in the world" are incorrect. At the northeast corner of the city wall is the Diebsturm from the Staufer era .
The water tower , which was built in 1912 to supply the steam locomotives with water from the Jagst, is also striking in the cityscape . Today it houses a pizzeria with a beer garden.
In addition to the Johanneskirche and the Liebfrauenkapelle (Church of Our Lady) there are also the Gottesackerkapelle on the Ehrenfriedhof (built 1579–1580, tower from 1586), the Catholic parish church of St. Bonifatius (built in 1886/87, but replaced in 1966 by a new building without a tower) Church of the Most Holy Trinity (in local parlance Dreifaltigkeitskirche , built in 1964) as well as the currently Catholic-Apostolic, but before that Roman-Catholic Church (built in the 19th century).
Church buildings in the other parts of the city: Evangelical Church Altenmünster, built in 1790 instead of an old church from 1444; Protestant church Ingersheim, built in late Gothic style with a tower choir and wall paintings from 1607 and 1701, the nave was rebuilt in 1961/62; Protestant church Goldbach from 1725 with older parts; Protestant church Jagstheim from 1764/65 with tower from 1719 and Catholic church St. Peter and Paul Jagstheim; Protestant Church Onolzheim from 1755, extended in 1863 and Catholic Church Christ King Onolzheim; evangelical church Roßfeld, rebuilt in 1714; Protestant church Tiefenbach with medieval choir and nave from 1512, 1707 and 1969 enlarged; Protestant church Triensbach with a late Baroque nave from 1725; Protestant Church Westgartshausen with late medieval tower choir and nave from 1610 and Catholic Church Heilig-Geist Westgartshausen.
Memorials
Since 1990, a white shell limestone stele in Adam-Weiß-Strasse has been a reminder of the synagogue that used to stand here , which was desecrated by SA men in 1938 and then fell victim to the air war in 1945. It is also a memorial stone for the Jewish citizens who were persecuted and deported for extermination in 1942. At the Jewish cemetery in Crailsheim on Beuerlbacher Strasse , a memorial with a plaque with 52 names commemorates the Crailsheim Jews who were victims of National Socialism . In addition, the first four stumbling blocks were laid on November 13, 2012 .
Horaffe legend
The Crailsheimers are proud of their town legend of the “ Horaffen ”: After a five-month siege by the allied imperial cities of Schwäbisch Hall, Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Dinkelsbühl in the winter of 1379/1380, the Crailsheimers' food ran out. In view of the grave situation, a ruse was used.
With the last flour the women baked the traditional croissants, called Horaffen, and threw them over the city wall for the besiegers. Then the mayor's wife, the thickest woman in town, climbed onto the city wall and showed the besiegers her bare, sweeping rear. In view of the abundance demonstrated and the well-fed mayor's wife, the enemies saw their siege as hopeless and withdrew on the Wednesday before Estomihi (7th Sunday before Easter in the church calendar) in 1380 (February 1st).
The city holiday is still celebrated every year on the Wednesday before Estomihi with the city being flagged and a small ceremony, which for many years has been supplemented by an ecumenical church service, a local history evening and a Horaffengala on the weekend before the actual city holiday. On this moving anniversary , the local bakeries are distributing Horaffen pastries made from yeast dough to all school and kindergarten children. The shape of the Horaffe is said to be reminiscent of the back of the mayor's wife. It goes back to an old Celtic defense sign that was also used over house doors. The term Horaffen for the Crailsheimers, a disparage of the retreating imperial city troops, can still be read and heard from time to time, but today it is usually less disparaging.
Sports
After their relegation in 2009, the women of TSV Crailsheim play in the 2nd Bundesliga South , the men sometimes played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg , and are currently playing in the Season 1 regional league.
The Crailsheim Merlins basketball players will play in the easyCredit Basketball Bundesliga , the top division in Germany , from the 2018/19 season . The home games are played in the Arena Hohenlohe and no longer in the Crailsheimer HAKRO-Arena (formerly Crailsheimer Sportarena). The Crailsheim Hurricanes, the ladies of the Crailsheim Titans football division, play in the 1st division of the DBL . The Hurricanes are among the strongest women's teams in Europe and regularly provide a few players for the national team.
Regular events
- The highlight of the year and the so-called fifth season in Crailsheim is the “ Franconian Folk Festival ”, which attracts over 250,000 visitors every year. It lasts four days and traditionally starts on the Friday before the penultimate Monday in September. During the folk festival, which has been held since 1841, two pageants (Saturday and Sunday) are held and numerous cattle awards are held. The most important component today is an amusement park on 40,000 square meters with rides, stalls and two large beer tents.
- Until about 2002, the Crailsheim Spring Festival also took place on the Volksfestplatz in spring .
- The Crailsheimer Wirtefest took place on the last weekend in June from 1985 to 2011 .
- In mid-July, the traditional park festival of the historic Crailsheim vigilante takes place in the park on Spitalstrasse
- At the end of August, the Goldbach Festival of Lights takes place in the Goldbach district, which is organized by the residents of the district.
- In October the soup festival has been taking place on the pig market square since 2012 , where guests can taste soups from all over the world for a flat rate.
- In the middle of October, the mutton dance takes place on two days (Sundays and Mondays) in the Onolzheim district . Onolzheim will hold a 1.5-hour pageant on both days.
- At the end of October, the Long Night of the Towers has been taking place every two years since 2018 and the Night of the Open Churches since 2019 .
- Since 1996, an open-air cultural weekend has been held for four days in the city center of Crailsheim , with music, theater, dance, comedy and art around the town hall and in the Spitalpark.
- At the end of November the culinary Christmas market takes place on the Schweinemarktplatz and around the town hall.
Personalities
literature
- Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Creilsheim . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 1 : A-egg . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1799, DNB 790364298 , OCLC 833753073 , Sp. 546-552 ( digitized version ).
- Bernd Friedel: Crailsheim in the rain of fire. The last months of the war in the fiercely contested city during World War II. With reports on the dramatic events in the villages and towns in the old district of Crailsheim. Hohenloher printing and publishing house, Crailsheim 1985, ISBN 3-87354-133-5 ; 3rd edition, ibid. 1988, ISBN 3-87354-133-5 .
- Traudl Kleefeld, Hans Gräser and Gernot Stepper: Hunting of witches in the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach and in the rule of Sugenheim with sources from the district of Crailsheim (= Central Franconian Studies. Volume 15; Publications on local history and local history in Württemberg Franconia. Volume 19). Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 2001, ISBN 3-87707-573-8 .
- Gottfried Stieber: Historical and topographical news from the principality of Brandenburg-Onolzbach . From reliable archival documents and other credible writings. Johann Jacob Enderes, Schwabach 1761, OCLC 250322606 . (Reprint: Verlag für Kunstreproduktionen Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1994, Part 1: ISBN 3-89557-007-9 , Part 2: ISBN 3-89557-011-7 ):
- Karl Wiedmann: Krail and Horaff - city archaeological research on the settlement and building history of the city of Crailsheim (= historical series of publications of the city of Crailsheim. Volume 6). Edited by Crailsheim City Archives, Crailsheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-026238-8 .
Web links
- Map of the urban area of Crailsheim on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
- Map of Crailsheim city center. (No longer available online.) In: geoportal-bw.de. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 . On:Geoportal Baden-Württemberg(information)
- City of Crailsheim
- History of Crailsheim (PDF; 2.16 MB; 36 pages)
- Largest solar thermal system in Germany inaugurated in Crailsheim. In: baden-wuerttemberg.de, May 25, 2012
- Crailsheim… a historical city tour. (PDF; 4.2 MB) Texts: Crailsheimer Historischer Verein, Pastor König †, revised by K. Wiedmann and F. Förtsch (9 pages)
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Natural areas of Baden-Württemberg. State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2009.
- ↑ Kerstin Schellhorn: Turkey without Turks: How the Crailsheim district got its name. In: Hohenloher Tagblatt. October 2, 2013, accessed November 26, 2013.
- ↑ State Statistical Office: Area since 1988 according to actual use for the city of Crailsheim.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Gerhard Strohmaier: History of the Hohenloher Land . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2016, ISBN 978-3-8370-9991-1 .
- ↑ Traudl Kleefeld: Compilation of the witch trials found in the area of the Margraviate of Ansbach. In: Hans Gräser, Traudl Kleefeld and Gernot Stepper: Hunting of witches in the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach and in the rule of Sugenheim with sources from the city of Crailsheim (= Middle Franconian Studies. Volume 15; Publications on local history and local history in Württemberg-Franconia. Volume 19). Historical Association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 2001, ISBN 3-87707-573-8 , pp. 424-433.
- ↑ Memorial Book. Search in the name directory. Search for: Crailsheim - Residence. In: bundesarchiv.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Note on place of residence: “Permanent residence before the war. If no information is available, the place of birth will be displayed. The country is based on the border line in January 1938. ”(here: manual counting;“ 64 results ”, minus 10 foreigners [including one multiple answer], minus 9 multiple answers for Jewish residents of Crailsheim = 45). In: yadvashem.org, accessed May 5, 2017.
- ↑ Reformation City of Europe. In: stadtarchiv-crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017. See the city portrait of the project “Reformation Cities of Europe”: Reformation City Crailsheim. Germany. In: reformation-cities.org/cities, accessed on January 28, 2017, as well as the city portrait of the project “European Station Path” : Crailsheim. In: r2017.org/europaeischer-stationsweg, accessed on January 28, 2017. For the significance of Crailsheim in the history of the Reformation, see also the Religions section .
- ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 447 .
- ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 448 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 468 .
- ↑ City districts and coats of arms. In: crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ^ City of Crailsheim Religion , 2011 census .
- ^ Mbu: Statistics of the Citizens' Office: City continues to grow . In: City of Crailsheim (Ed.): Stadtblatt . Official journal of the great district town Crailsheim. Vol. 49, no. 3 . Crailsheim January 21, 2016, p. 1 , col. 2 ( crailsheim.de [PDF; 754 kB ; accessed on May 22, 2020]).
- ↑ ht: new citizens in Crailsheim. Almost 35,000 inhabitants as of the reporting date. In: Südwest Presse . January 15, 2020, accessed May 22, 2020.
- ^ Municipal elections on May 26, 2019 - City of Crailsheim. , accessed on May 27, 2019.
- ↑ Results according to the Crailsheim election results. Retrieved May 27, 2019 .
- ↑ Dr. Christoph Grimmer in office from February 1st. In: Stadtblatt. Official journal of the large district town of Crailsheim. Vol. 50, No. 46, November 16, 2017, p. 1 f. ( PDF; 612 kB ).
- ^ No renewed candidacy In: Hohenloher Tagblatt . March 22, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
- ↑ Lord Mayors elected in Crailsheim and Bretten ( Memento from February 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: staatsanzeiger.de. State gazette for Baden-Württemberg. November 30, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ^ Andreas Harthan: Failed by himself ( Memento from February 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: swp.de. Hohenloher Tagblatt. October 23, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Last working day of Crailsheim's Lord Mayor Andreas Raab - short interview with the Stuttgart regional council. In: Hohenlohe-ungefiltert.de. July 31, 2009, accessed August 1, 2009.
- ^ Mathias Bartels: Raab: waiver of all offices. Finished as mayor in early September - also resigned from the district council ( memento from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: suedwest-aktiv.de. Hohenloher Tagblatt. July 18, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Andreas Harthan: "Something's going on here": The new mayor is confident. In: swp.de. June 15, 2018, accessed June 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Andreas Harthan, Sebastian Unbehauen: Mayor elections: Who is moving into this office? In: swp.de. August 31, 2017, accessed June 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Christine Hofmann: The new mayor must have studied. In: swp.de. March 13, 2018, accessed June 18, 2018 .
- ↑ City districts and coats of arms. In: crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ^ Heribert Lohr: Crailsheim. Lieken: Are jobs in Crailsheim in danger? In: swp.de, September 7, 2018, accessed June 24, 2019.
- ↑ Jens Sitarek: The train that is now called Crailsheim. In: swp.de. November 13, 2017, accessed April 6, 2018.
- ^ Energy municipalities: Crailsheim ( Memento from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: Kommunal-erneuerbar.de. July 2014, accessed January 28, 2017.
- ^ Stadtblatt ( Memento from January 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). In: crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017 (information on the Crailsheimer Stadtblatt).
- ↑ Information on the Hohenloher Wochenpost ( memento of April 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). In: suedwest-aktiv.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Aalen Police Headquarters. Home page. In: ppaalen.polizei-bw.de, accessed on January 18, 2018.
- ↑ New building. Construction progress and information about the new clinic. (No longer available online.) In: klinikum-crailsheim.de. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 14, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c Schools in Crailsheim. In: crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Social and health science high school profile: Social (SGGS). In: eugen-grimminger-schule.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Südwest Presse Online-Dienst GmbH: Series: Crailsheim Town Hall Tower: The 300th anniversary of the topping-out ceremony. August 11, 2017, accessed September 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation. Volume I. Federal Agency for Political Education , Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 30 f. (Book edition, incorrectly referred to as 2nd edition).
- ↑ Action artist Gunter Demnig relocates the first nine “Stolpersteine” in Crailsheim. In: swp.de. November 14, 2012, accessed on January 28, 2017 ("You were neighbors, business partners, friends - until the Nazis mercilessly wiped out the Jews in Crailsheim. Since yesterday, the first nine 'stumbling blocks' are reminiscent of the murdered.").
- ↑ Stolpersteine Crailsheim II. In: crailsheimer-historischer-verein.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ See the lecture by Klaus Graf : Die Crailsheimer Stadtfeier. In: Bulletin of the Crailsheim Historical Association. 12 (1997), ZDB -ID 153376-9 , pp. 33-42, urn : nbn: de: bsz: 25-opus-54151 ; online at: uni-freiburg.de. July 2, 2008, last revision: April 29, 2015, accessed on January 28, 2017 ( PDF; 2.7 MB ; scan with slightly corrected OCR).
- ^ Crailsheimer Stadtfeiertag ( Memento from October 19, 2004 in the Internet Archive ). In: crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ^ Website of the Arena Hohenlohe In: arena-hohenlohe.com, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Sports halls, multi-purpose halls, gyms and festival halls ( Memento from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 838 kB) ( Memento from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: crailsheim.de, accessed on January 28, 2017.
- ↑ License for Arena Hohenlohe granted. (sic!). (No longer available online.) In: crailsheim-merlins.de. September 19, 2014, archived from the original on March 5, 2016 ; accessed on June 24, 2019 .
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