Border treaty between Bavaria and Württemberg

View over the Danube from Neu-Ulm to Ulm Minster, from Bavaria to Württemberg, separated by the Danube since 1810

The border treaty between the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Württemberg of May 18, 1810 is extremely important, as this regulation has remained in effect to this day without any change. The border between the federal states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg was finally determined in its course from Lake Constance to Taubergrund, and the former imperial city of Ulm was also divided by the Danube.

Political requirements

The preamble to the treaty, which was not concluded by chance in Paris, clearly describes the political starting point. Both "previously unadjusted marginal differences and other mutual claims" had to be ended all at once and in a permanent manner, and "those stipulations which had been stipulated in the treaties recently concluded by both parties with France had to be fulfilled by a final contract" become. Herewith the pressure of the Emperor of the French, Napoleon Bonaparte , on the South German Princes of the Rhine Confederation is described without further ado . Napoleon wanted to create three efficient states in southern Germany - Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden - which would be able to meet his demands for troops. According to the provisions of the Peace of Pressburg of December 26, 1805 and the Treaty of Schönbrunn of October 14, 1809, the Kingdom of Bavaria was given too generous consideration. As compensation for the profit made by Tyrol and Salzburg, Bavaria was to cede areas in the west to Württemberg, which would then compensate Baden in the further course. Each of the three states should have access to Lake Constance. Baden was supposed to compensate the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

Contracting parties

King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria appointed his foreign minister, Count Maximilian von Montgelas , and King Friedrich I of Württemberg his state and cabinet minister, Count Ludwig von Taube, as plenipotentiary. The contract fixes the border line from south to north and specifies in detail the assignments of territory from Bavaria to Württemberg. The border treaty between Württemberg and Baden , which logically followed , was also concluded in Paris on October 8, 1810.

Borderline

The border between Bavaria and Württemberg

The border between Bavaria and Württemberg was initially drawn from Lake Constance near Kressbronn in an easterly direction to Isny in order to give the Kingdom of Bavaria unhindered access to Lindau . Now the border made a right angle and ran steadily north to its end point, the triangle with the Grand Duchy of Würzburg near Waldmannshofen . Wherever possible, rivers such as the Iller , Danube and Tauber were set as borders. The negotiators managed to create a course without any exclave or enclave . In return, it was accepted to cut through the territories of some mediatized states, in particular the imperial city of Ulm with its area, the county of Oettingen , the principality of Ansbach and the areas of the imperial cities of Nördlingen , Dinkelsbühl and Rothenburg . The largest territories that Bavaria ceded to Württemberg in their entirety were the Upper Austrian county of Montfort , the imperial cities of Buchhorn , Ravensburg , Leutkirch , Wangen and Bopfingen, as well as territorial territories of the princes of Thurn and Taxis , Schwarzenberg and Hohenlohe-Kirchberg .

Assignments

The depiction of Württemberg 1789 best illustrates the changes of 1810

The assignments of a total of 351 cities, municipalities, parishes and hamlets at that time concerned one urban district and eleven districts (from south to north) according to the current administrative structure of Baden-Württemberg:

Bodenseekreis 48 locations
District Ravensburg 31 places
District of Biberach 11 places
Alb-Donau-Kreis 64 places
City of Ulm 16 places
Heidenheim district 18 places
District of Göppingen 28 places
Ostalbkreis 47 places
District of Schwäbisch Hall 66 places
Hohenlohekreis 2 locations
Main-Tauber-Kreis 20 places
Rems-Murr-Kreis 1 place

Bavaria ceded to Württemberg (from south to north):

District court Tettnang with the county of Montfort, which is part of Upper Austria , and the lordship of Schomburg enrolled in the imperial knighthood , in the Swabian knightly circle and in the canton in Hegau, Allgäu and on Lake Constance (became the Württemberg Oberamt Tettnang ). The hamlet of Kressbronn on Lake Constance , which belongs to the Nonnenbach office of the Argen lordship , part of the county of Montfort, forms the southern starting point of the jointly established border between Bavaria and Württemberg in 1810.

Buchhorn district court with the imperial city of Buchhorn and the rule Baumgarten- Eriskirch (became the Württemberg sub-office Buchhorn in the upper office Tettnang).

From the Lindau regional court to the Spitaldorf and the Laimnau mayor's office (to the Württemberg Oberamt Tettnang).

District court Ravensburg with the area of the imperial city Ravensburg and the court Ausnang of the abbey Weingarten (became Württemberg Oberamt Ravensburg ; Ravensburg office Bavendorf came to Oberamt Tettnang, court Ausnang to Oberamt Leutkirch).
District court Leutkirch with the imperial city Leutkirch and the free people on the Leutkircher Heide (became the Württemberg Oberamt Leutkirch ).
District court Wangen with the imperial city of Wangen, the court of Deuchelried and the main team Niederwangen (became Württemberg Oberamt Wangen ).
From the district court Illertissen with the seat in Dietenheim the rule Dietenheim enrolled in the imperial knighthood, in the Swabian knightly circle and in the canton on the Danube in the possession of the county Fugger, line to Dietenheim and Brandenburg . The parish Wain belonged to the imperial lower nobility, Freiherr von Herman (to the Württemberg Oberamt Wiblingen ).
The parish of Dettingen an der Iller of the lordships of Illereichen and Kellmünz belonged to the Schwarzenberg media area, enrolled in the imperial knighthood , in the Swabian knight circle and in the canton on the Danube (to the Württemberg Oberamt Biberach ).
The Reichsgrafschaft Kirchberg belonged to the media area Fugger-Kirchberg and Weißenhorn under Austrian sovereignty (Upper Austria, Swabian Austria) (to the Württemberg Oberamt Wiblingen).

A part of the media area Oettingen-Spielberg was the rule Schwendi , enrolled in the canton on the Danube (to the Württemberg Oberamt Wiblingen).

By the Upper Danube Circle independent city Ulm covered the urban area of the former imperial city on the left bank of the Danube; the middle of the Ulm bridge over the main river formed the border there (in Württ, seat of the bailiff on the Danube ).

The extensive rulership of Ulm was mainly divided between the three Bavarian regional courts of Albeck , Geislingen and Söflingen (in Württemberg, the upper offices of Albeck, Geislingen, Ulm and Ehingen).

The Albeck district court comprised the Ulm chief offices of Albeck and Weidenstetten , the offices of Bräunisheim and Lonsee, and the Bissingen ob Lontal condominium with Mr. Tänzl von Tratzberg (the Württemberg chief office of Albeck was dissolved in 1819 and added to the Ulm chief office ).

Geislingen district court comprised the Ulm Obervogteiamt Geislingen as well as the offices of Böhringen , Stötten , Stubersheim and Süßen , as well as the Hohenrechberg rule of Baron von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen , enrolled in the Imperial Knighthood, in the Swabian Knight's Circle and in the canton of Kocher (became the Upper Württemberg Office of Gerechberg - including Donzdorf - to the Oberamt Gmünd )

The Ulm Oberamt Langenau belonged to the district court of Elchingen , as did the parish Rammingen of the Kaisheim Abbey
. Enrolled in the Imperial Knighthood, in the Swabian Knight Circle and in the Canton on the Danube:
- Baron von Riedheim with Stetten ob Lontal ,
- Baron von Ungelter with Oberstotzingen ,
- Graf Stain zum Rechtenstein with the rule of Bergenweiler and the rule of Niederstotzingen , the latter as a condominium with the Kaisheim Abbey.

The district court of Elchingen became part of the Wuerttemberg Oberamt Albeck, the rule of Bergenweiler came to the Oberamt Heidenheim .

The Ulm Office Nellingen (in Württemberg to the Oberamt Blaubeuren ) belonged to the Wiesensteig Regional Court .
Söflingen district court included the Ulm office of Bermaringen as well as the property of the nuns in Ulm and the monastery of the Wengen in Ulm under the sovereignty of the imperial city of Ulm. Furthermore, the property of Söflingen Abbey and the Tomerdingen Care Office of Elchingen Abbey also belonged to the regional court, as well as the free float of various gentlemen:
- Reign of Erbach of the Baron of Ulm zu Erbach , which belonged to Front Austria (Swabian Austria), plus the parish Einsingen as a condominium with the imperial city of Ulm ,
- Parish village Dellmensingen of the Werdenstein rule under Burgau sovereignty (Front Austria, Swabian Austria), matriculated in the Imperial Knighthood, in the Swabian Knight Circle and in the canton on the Danube,
- Burgvogtei Illerrieden of the high and German masters of the Teutonic Knight Order , Ballei Alsace and Burgundy , Coming Altshausen ,
- Parish Bollingen of the high and German mastery of the Teutonic Knight Order, Oberamt Ellingen, Coming Ulm under the sovereignty of the imperial city of Ulm,
- Condominium Wippingen of the Duchy of Württemberg , Oberamt Blaubeuren; High and German mastery of the Teutonic Knight Order, Ballei Alsace and Burgundy, Coming Altshausen, Obervogtei Arnegg , Coming Ulm, Söflingen Abbey, Imperial City of Ulm,
- Condominium Gögglingen of the high and German masters of the Teutonic Knight Order, Ballei Alsace and Burgundy, Coming Altshausen; Wiblingen Abbey under Austrian sovereignty (Front Austria, Swabian Austria), imperial city of Ulm, hospital.
- Also other possessions in the imperial knighthood, in the Swabian knight circle and in the canton on the Danube:
- Condominium Böttingen of the high and German mastery of the Teutonic Knight Order, Oberamt Ellingen, Coming Ulm under the sovereignty of the imperial city of Ulm, Kaplanei Klingenstein , Abbey Söflingen,
- Baron von Bernhausen with Klingenstein and Herrlingen ,
- Schenk von Stauffenberg with cracks ,
- Give to Castell with Bach and Wernau ,
- Eggingen condominium of the high and German masters of the Teutonic Order, Ballei Alsace and Burgundy, Kommende Altshausen, Obervogtei Arnegg 2/3; Söflingen Abbey 1/3,
- Condominium Ermingen of the High and German Mastery of the Teutonic Knight Order, Ballei Alsace and Burgundy, Coming Altshausen, Obervogtei Arnegg, Abbey Söflingen,
- Condominium Harthausen near Ulm of the high and German mastery of the Teutonic Order, Ballei Alsace and Burgundy, Coming Altshausen, Obervogtei Arnegg, Abbey Söflingen,
- In the imperial knighthood, in the Swabian knight circle and in the canton on the Neckar and Black Forest
  - Baron Leutrum von Ertingen with the Böfingen manor .

The district court of Söflingen was assigned to the Württemberg upper offices of Ulm (Söflingen, Einsingen, Harthausen, Böfingen), Wiblingen (Dellmensingen, Illerrieden), Blaubeuren (Bollingen, Wippingen, the Ulm portion of Gögglingen, Böttingen, Klingenstein and Herrlingen, Eggingen, Ermingen) and Ehingen (Ersingen, Wernau, Erbach, Rississen) distributed.

Media area Oettingen-Wallerstein with the county of Oettingen-Baldern and Katzenstein, the offices of Neresheim and Wallerstein , the Deggingen and Kirchheim monasteries under Oettingian sovereignty and the lordships of Schenkenstein and Burgberg . To
- Able dominions Kerkingen and shopping Ingen under oettingischer sovereignty,
- Condominium Tannhausen with Principality of Oettingen-Spielberg together 2/3; Imperial Knighthood, Swabian Knight Circle, Canton am Kocher (Freiherr von Thannhausen ) 1/3,
- Dambach Castle as a condominium with the Principality of Oettingen-Spielberg,
- Geislingen and Wilflingen as condominiums with Kaisheim Abbey,
- Parish Zöbingen as a condominium with the imperial city of Bopfingen,
- Benzenzimmern condominium with Kirchheim Monastery under Oettingian sovereignty; Kaisheim Abbey; Imperial city of Nördlingen.

The territory of the princes of Oettingen-Wallerstein was assigned to the Württemberg upper offices of Ellwangen (Wallerstein, Tannhausen, Dambach, Geislingen, Wilflingen, Zöbingen, Benzenzimmern) and Neresheim (Baldern and Katzenstein, Schenkenstein, Neresheim, Kerkingen and Merkingen, Kirchheim am Ries) distributed.

Media area Oettingen-Spielberg with the village of Buckenweiler and three condominiums:
- Parish village Walxheim together with the Principality of Oettingen-Wallerstein, imperial city of Bopfingen,
- Parish village of Unterschneidheim together with high and German masters of the Teutonic Knight Order, Oberamt Ellingen, Kommende Schneidheim , imperial city of Dinkelsbühl, imperial city of Bopfingen,
- Hamlet Oberschneidheim together with the high and German masters of the Teutonic Knights Order, Oberamt Ellingen, Kommende Schneidheim, Imperial City of Nördlingen, Imperial City of Bopfingen.

The territory of the princes of Oettingen-Spielberg came to the Württemberg Oberamt Ellwangen, Buckenweiler to the Oberamt Crailsheim.

Thurn und Taxis media area with the property of the secularized Neresheim Abbey , the princes of Demmingen , the Dischingen rulership , the Eglingen Oberamt , including the parish of Ballmertshofen , who was enrolled in the Imperial Knighthood, Swabian Knight Circle, Canton am Kocher. The territory of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis came to the Württemberg Oberamt Neresheim .

From the district court of Nördlingen the imperial city of Bopfingen, the imperial village of Trochtelfingen and the parish village of Goldburghausen , the parishes of Itzlingen , Schweindorf and Sechtenhausen of the imperial city of Nördlingen (to the Württemberg Oberamt Neresheim, Sechtenhausen to the Oberamt Ellwangen).

From the district court of Dinkelsbühl the parish of Wört , the hamlet of Weiler near Dalkingen owned by the imperial city of Dinkelsbühl and the two hamlets Konradsbronn and Schönbronn , which are shared with the prince provost of Ellwangen and Oberamt Rötlen , as well as the branch village belonging to the margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach of the principality of Lautenbach
-Bayreuth .
- Enrolled in the Imperial Knighthood, Swabian Knight Circle, Canton am Kocher:
  - Baron Hofer von Lobenstein , Lordship Wildenstein ,
  - Freiherr von Seckendorff -Good with Unterdeufstetten ,
  - Mustard from Sulburg , rule Matzenbach .

The area of the Dinkelsbühl regional court that fell to Württemberg came to the Württemberg Oberamt Ellwangen , Lautenbach, Matzenbach, Unterdeufstetten and Wildenstein to the Oberamt Crailsheim.

Crailsheim District Court , formed from the Crailsheim District Office of the Brandenburg-Ansbach Margraviate of the Principality of Ansbach-Bayreuth, plus numerous condominiums:
- with the imperial city Hall am Kocher :
  
  Parish Oberspeltach in the Honhardt office
  
  Parish Gründelhardt in the office of Vellberg
- With the Comburg knight monastery
  under episcopal-Würzburg sovereignty:
  - Wollmershausen Castle

The Crailsheim district court became the Württemberg Oberamt Crailsheim ; the Ropfershof came to the Oberamt Ellwangen.

From the district court Feuchtwangen the rule Kreßberg and the parish Marktlustenau of the baron von Knöringen , matriculated in the imperial knighthood, in the Franconian knight circle and in the canton Altmühl (became Württemberg Oberamt Crailsheim).

From the Rothenburg Regional Court, the Reinsbürg Castle , the Gammesfeld and Seldeneck castles , the Hof Klosterhof , the Brettheim court , the parish villages of Hausen am Bach and Leuzendorf , the parishes of Spielbach , Reubach , Finsterlohr , Lichtel , Oberstetten , Wildentierbach and Schmerbach , the parish hamlet of Heiligenbronn and the Weiler Reutsachsen (Wuerttemberg Oberamt Blaufelden , moved to Gerabronn in 1811 ).
District court Gerabronn , formed from the caste office Werdeck-Gerabronn of the Oberamt Crailsheim of the Margraviate Brandenburg-Ansbach of the Principality of Ansbach-Bayreuth, as well as the parishes of Blaufelden , Rot am See and Wiesenbach , the manor Brettenfeld and the castle Michelbach an der Heide .
- Territories of the Imperial Knighthood, Franconian Knight Circle, Canton Odenwald :
  - Herr vom Holtz with Amlishagen ,
  - Schainbach condominium of the Principality of Ansbach-Bayreuth, Markgraftum Brandenburg-Ansbach, Oberamt Crailsheim, Kastenamt Werdeck-Gerabronn; Baron von Seckendorff-Aberdar, rule Erkenbrechtshausen.
- Enrolled in the imperial knighthood, in the Franconian knight circle and in the canton of Rhön-Werra :
  - Herr von Bebenburg with the manor Bebenburg .

Gerabronn district court becomes Württ. Oberamt Blaufelden , moved to Gerabronn in 1811.

Media area Hohenlohe-Kirchberg with the offices of Kirchberg , Döttingen and Lobenhausen , plus as a condominium, enrolled in the imperial knighthood, in the Franconian knight circle and in the canton of Odenwald with Baron von Seckendorff-Aberdar, Lordship Erkenbrechtshausen, Baron von Crailsheim the parish village of Lendsiedel . The territory of the princes of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg came to the Württemberg Oberamt Blaufelden.
From the Schwarzenberg media area, the Michelbach an der Lücke office (to the Württemberg Oberamt Blaufelden).
The district court Uffenheim an area formed from the upper office Creglingen of Markgraftums Brandenburg-Ansbach of the Principality of Ansbach-Bayreuth, to the parish of Frauental of Oberamts Hoheneck and the condominium Archshofen of Mr. von Oetinger, enrolled in the imperial knights, in the Franconian knights circle and in the canton of Odenwald .
- Reign of Waldmannshofen of Prince von Hatzfeldt , enrolled in the Imperial Knighthood, Franconian Knight Circle, Canton Odenwald.

The Uffenheim Regional Court that fell to Württemberg came to the Württemberg Oberamt Mergentheim . Waldmannshofen forms the northern end point of the jointly established border between Bavaria and Württemberg in 1810.

From the district court of Dillingen as a distant exclave the parish Oeffingen of the cathedral chapter of the Hochstift Augsburg , matriculated in the imperial knighthood, in the Swabian knightly circle and in the canton am Kocher (came to the Württemberg Oberamt Cannstatt ).

Border treaty between Bavaria and Württemberg

contents

Political requirements

Contracting parties

Borderline

Assignments

Web links

See also