Oeffingen
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Oeffingen
City of Fellbach
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| Height : | 280 m | |
| Residents : | 6872 | |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1974 | |
| Postal code : | 70736 | |
| Area code : | 0711 | |
Location of Oeffingen in Baden-Württemberg |
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Oeffingen is a village northeast of Stuttgart and lies in front of the confluence of the Rems in the Neckar . It has almost 7000 inhabitants and, together with its neighboring village Schmiden, is part of the town of Fellbach in the Rems-Murr district . It is located in one of the most fertile loess areas in Württemberg on a plateau. There is a traditionally close relationship with the neighboring village of Hofen , which is now part of the Baden-Württemberg state capital, Stuttgart. Oeffingen was a political enclave for 441 years and a religious enclave for 336 years.
history
Prehistoric time
Mesolithic
There are no finds from a settlement in the Paleolithic in Oeffingen. The earliest traces of human settlement date from the Mesolithic period (8000 to 5500 BC). In the “Winkel” area between Weidachtal and Neckar, a number of blades, points and cuts made of stone from this period were found.
Neolithic
6000 BC Ch., Neolithic loess farmers settled in the "Langes Tal" area in the area of today's Augsburger Strasse in the north of Oeffingen. In 2010, settlement remains and two stool graves were discovered, albeit without the grave goods characteristic of the period. The graves faced south, which suggests the worship of the sun. The loess farmers planted the wheat varieties einkorn and emmer, and lentils, beans and poppy seeds, and kept sheep, cattle, goats and pigs.
The most important settlement for Oeffingen in prehistoric times was built by the band ceramists in the "Hofener Feld" area on Hofener Weg in the west of the village. The Oeffingen archaeologist Jordan Riede (1905–1988) found thin-walled clay vessels and bone tips for leather processing decorated with ribbon patterns there. The band ceramists had their burial ground west of their homes in Gewann Taubenäcker. The grave field was 50 m by 40 m in size, 110 individual graves could be recognized. Whole bodies were buried in 102 of these graves. The body was laid on its left side with the head facing southeast. The arms were bent and the hands were placed in front of the head. The legs were also bent, tied, and crouched. 35 corpses were given grave goods, 20 stone axes, 15 clay vessels and bone tools, some of which could be excavated in good condition.
At the “Pauluskreuz” on Hofener Weg and in the village itself, in Johannisstraße and at Klosterplatz, lavishly decorated clay jugs of the “Rössen culture” were found. The decorative furrows and notches were filled in by the band ceramists of this style with a white lime paste that still sticks to the pottery today. The cord ceramists followed the band ceramists, but they did not leave any traces in Oeffingen.
Bronze age
The settlement remains from the Bronze Age (2000 to 750 BC) are becoming more sparse because of the severe soil erosion. At the Johanniskirche there was a bronze pillar with a spatula-shaped end and clay pots that were simpler than in the Neolithic period. Jordan Riede found a small burial ground with six graves near the Tennhof. The dead were burned on a pyre, and with them the grave goods, robe pins, a small ring, and bronze spiral wire. Body burials were still possible in isolated cases. In 1966 Jordan Riede found a grave with eight tubes made of sheet bronze, 6 cm long and 1 cm in diameter, a bronze knife with a 9 cm long blade and a 12 cm long bronze robe needle to the west of the town outskirts, in the “Steinäcker” district. Ceramic from the Bronze Age was found on Hofener Strasse.
Iron age
For the first time in the Iron Age (750 BC to the birth of Christ), the population of Central Europe is called a people, the Celts. Social differentiation increases sharply. Members of the lower social classes are buried in simple cremation graves, those of the upper classes under burial mounds. In the Hartwald, in the northeast of Oeffingen, there are twelve burial mounds with a height of 0.6 to 2 m and a diameter of 15 to 20 m. One hill, "Hill 7", was cut when the elevated water tank was built in 1929, but has not yet been explored. In Gewann Haldenäcker there was a half-sunk house with a length of 5 m and a width of 2.75 m. The house was used as a workshop rather than a home.
antiquity
In 84 BC The Romans advanced to the middle Neckar. A Roman property stood on today's way to Waiblingen . The remains were found in 1842 during a research excavation in Hofen. The Tennhof, about two kilometers to the north, is also of Roman origin and is still part of a state domain of the state of Baden-Württemberg. Alemanni later settled in Oeffingen. They had their cemetery in today's gardens behind the “Rössle” inn.
Early Middle Ages
The place probably comes from the homestead of a Christian baptized settler and clan chief named Uffo. The name Uffo is also borne by the namesake of Uffing am Staffelsee , Iffezheim (Ufensheim), Zufikon (Uffinghofun) in Switzerland and Uffington in Great Britain. Uffo or Offo means "the peaceful inheritance" in the Frisian language . The naming of the -ingen and -heim villages is assigned to the 5th century, when the Frankish Merovingian kings ruled. Whether Uffo was a Frisian who was settled at the instigation of a Frankish king cannot be clarified due to a lack of documents from this time. But we know that the Merovingians brought settlers from all over their empire to the limits of their sphere of influence. We also know that the legal understanding of the time was that settlers could set up a farm if the land was not expressly claimed by the Frankish king.
In the 8th century arable farming was practiced in Oeffingen, the arable area was measured in daily labor. Towards the end of the 8th century, the place moved into the focus of the royal monastery of Lorsch , founded in 765 , which, together with the St. Denis monastery, is increasingly to become a real estate fund of the empire administration of Charlemagne, which is currently being established. The monastery is headed by the energetic Abbot Richbod , who, as a former court clerk in Aachen, can be regarded as Charlemagne's confidante. In 746 the still ruling Alemanni dukes were eliminated in the Cannstatter blood court . In 789, an Uro had to transfer 16 days of Acker to the Lorsch Abbey in the village of Uffingen in Neckargau without paying anything in return. In order to take the immorality of the forced business, the donation documented in the Lorsch Codex is made for the salvation of a fricco. In Neckargau alone, more than 50 such shops have been closed in a short time without consideration.
Before the 7th century, Oeffingen did not have its own church. A church path led from Schmiden via Oeffingen to the neighboring Tennhof, where the Alemannic Duke Gottfried is said to have founded the Jacobus Church around 700. It was in the parish of St. Martin's Church in Cannstatt, which was founded in the 8th century at the latest. The Tennhof belonged to the Adelberg Monastery . In 1255, the Bishop of Constance confirmed the monastery’s rights to the church there. In 1277 the Tennhof was exempt from taxes and duties.
The Jacobuskirche was to be reformed together with the Adelberg Monastery in 1534 by Duke Ulrich von Württemberg . It then fell into disrepair and its last remains were demolished in 1709.
High Middle Ages
Oeffingen was the estate of the Counts of Württemberg and was not part of a feudal association . It drew tithes from a few acres of fields in the Oeffingen area. A church in the village is said to have been built as early as the 7th century. For the first time in 1180 the Hirsauer Codex testifies to a priest for Oeffingen. An independent pastor Konrad had made donations for monasteries in Eltingen, Biberach, Hessigheim and Türkheim. The church for Oeffingen also mentions the tax register liber decumationis for 1275. The parish was independent and at its head was a rector ecclesiae.
The church was dedicated to Saints Nabor, Basilides, Cyrinus and Nazarius. Since these saints were especially venerated in the Lorsch Monastery, it is assumed that the Lorsch Monastery was involved in its founding.
The church, however, was built jointly by the House of Württemberg and the Adelberg Monastery. This can be seen from the fact that the coat of arms of the House of Württemberg and the Adelberg Monastery is carved in the keystone of the choir vault. The church belonged to the diocese of Constance, to the archdeaconate “vor dem Walde” and to the dean's office Grunbach. The pastor's benefice income was 70 small pounds (H) with a silver equivalent of 1,050 grams annually. The pastor of Oeffingen was also the pastor of Neckargröningen.
A noble family from Lichtenstein acquired goods in Oeffingen. The 13th century saw a shift in land ownership from the local nobility to monasteries as professional landlords. Gebhard von Lichtenstein sold his goods to the Bebenhausen monastery. Berthold and Heinrich von Lichtenstein sold their goods to the Salem monastery in 1280 . The right of patronage to the Church of St. Nabor and a Widemhof as a place to stay and for the priest's livelihood belonged to Sweneger von Lichtenstein. He sold both for 250 Carolingian pounds in 1313 to the Adelberg Monastery, which already owns the Tennhof and was the co-builder of the St. Nabor Church. 250 Carolingian pounds have a silver value of 7640 grams. In 1277 Count Ulrich II. Von Württemberg exempted the farmers of three farms in the Adelberg monastery in Oeffingen and the Tennhof from man tax and other duties and labor. His successor, Count Eberhard I, held the Tennhof again in 1304 as taxable. Compared to the Adelberg Monastery, Count Eberhard von Württemberg waived his right to tax the church and church property.
In 1350 Oeffingen had 62 inhabited houses and paid a total of 40 bushels (70.90 hl) of rye as an annual tax. The people of Oeffingen did not limit themselves to agricultural production for their own use, but tried to obtain duty-free vis-à-vis Waiblingen, which was granted for an annual flat-rate payment. Each inhabited house has one zimri (22,156 l) of customs oat. The village paid a total of 7½ bushels and two zimri (13.74hl) oats, and because there are 8 zimri in a bushel, 62 houses can be calculated.
Retirement from the Württemberg manor
In 1369, Count Eberhard der Greiner Oeffingen sold the neighboring Hofen on the high bank of the Neckar and Mühlhausen on the other side of the Neckar to Reinhard von Neuhausen, an imperial knight. For this he received half of Neuhausen Castle on the Fildern . Oeffingen and Hofen left the Württemberg manorial association for 441 years. Only the Tennhof remained in Württemberg. The lords of Neuhausen belong to the canton Kocher of the imperial knighthood. Until 1532, the Lords of Neuhausen did not have to pay any taxes to the Reich, but even enjoyed unlimited taxation rights against their subjects, which was partly exercised by the knight's canton. The Counts of Württemberg could no longer exercise manorial rights in Oeffingen. For 441 years, Oeffingen was to become a tax, economic and religious bone of contention for the county, duchy and kingdom of Württemberg .
The Oeffinger could owe the nickname "Märktsucher" to the fact that from this point on they were cut off from Württemberg and were only allowed to go to the neighboring sales areas when the local providers could no longer provide enough.
A golden lion from the coat of arms of the Lords of Neuhausen is now, color-restored, in the cross yoke of the choir tower of the church. Ownership of the two villages included the right to collect taxes, demand handicrafts and tensioning services , exercise jurisdiction, and demand a substantial transfer fee (ransom) before a villager left.
Late Middle Ages
In 1457, the church of St. Nabor, first documented in 1275, was demolished and presumably replaced by a church in the late Gothic style at the same place . It was not until 1976 that the floor plan of the late Gothic church was determined. The nave is a rectangular hall, 15 meters long and 8.5 meters wide. It will continue to serve until it is replaced in 1840. The simple building can be seen in two pictures, once in the vedute in the old Württemberg forest map series by Andreas Kieser from 1686 and a semi-schematic view of the parish church and the rectory in Oeffingen from 1823. The church tower is still in today after several renovations lower form available. In it are still the statues of Saints Basilides , Nabor , Cyrinus and Nazarius . They were created in 1490 for the new church by Niklaus Weckmann from Ulm. The transition from the late Middle Ages to the modern era was announced by the continuous management of the town hall files from 1493; the "age of files" had begun. About a century later, in 1598, a purchase book was introduced in Oeffingen, in which property transactions were notarized. In 1493 the court in Rottweil came to the conclusion that serfs of the lords of Württemberg were allowed to move to Oeffingen without permission, but not Oeffingen subjects of the lords of Neuhausen to Württemberg. Serfdom could, however, be replaced by payments of 50 to 100 pounds (H); What is meant is the bill pound of 240 Schwäbisch Hall silver pennies.
Modern times
The construction of the spacious cellar of the "Schlössle" in 1500 ushered in the modern era. The name suggests that it was used by the noble landlords of the village. From 1667 to 1715 an elderly woman from Neuhausen lived in the "Schlössle". In 1683 the Schlössle was described as a dwelling with a large cellar. Despite its use, the Schlössle could not be called a manor house. The Schlössle was torn down in 1715 and then rebuilt again soon, so that it still embodies the continuity of the village together with the church and the bailiwick. In 1519, the poorly managed and wasteful Duke Ulrich von Württemberg was expelled from the Swabian Confederation. The Swabian Confederation was an organ of the Swabian imperial estates, i.e. of princes, prelates, cities and knights, which was supposed to maintain peace in the country during the peasant wars. But it only partially fulfilled this task and was dissolved again in 1534. In May 1519 troops of the Swabian League under Wilhelm von Bayern plundered the village. The landlord Wolf von Neuhausen quickly took possession of the Meierhof of the Salmannsweil (Salem) monastery to compensate for the plundering of his village. The abbot of Salmannsweil (Salem) complained about this in 1520 to the federal government of the Swabian Empire that had just been established . The Swabian Circle was established as one of ten imperial circles to maintain the peace, i.e. to avoid the feud in 1512 by the Reichstag of Cologne.
The Reformation
In 1534, Duke Ulrich von Württemberg, expelled by the Swabian Confederation, a tool of Habsburg politics, was able to return. Since he had Protestant allies, he introduced the Reformation in Württemberg. King Ferdinand I granted Duke Ulrich the Duchy of Württemberg as an Austrian loan. In return, the Protestant estates recognized Ferdinand I as king, so that a provisional territorial and legal line can be drawn under the Reformation.
In 1534 the lords of Neuhausen decided not to introduce the Reformation in their villages of Oeffingen, Hofen, Justingen and Ebersberg. Oeffingen remained Catholic and since then many villagers have felt themselves to be a Catholic rock in the Protestant surf. The reformed Württemberg could not change this decision for the time being because of the Augsburg religious peace in 1555, because the ius reformandi was due to the sovereigns and the subjects were obliged to follow the confession of their respective sovereign. Lutheran residents of Oeffingen had to emigrate or become Catholic again in 1650. In 1557 the new land measure was introduced in neighboring Württemberg. Oeffingen used these measures and weights.
The years 1570 to 1572 were economically bad. Wet, rainy, cool summers caused the vines to rot on the sticks and the unripe fruit on the tree to shrivel. The winters were cold; the game perished in packs. People froze to death and died of cold fever and epidemics.
In 1574 a legal dispute between the entire peasantry and Reinhard von Neuhausen ended with the fact that the compulsory labor had to be performed as before, but the landlord provided the hay for the indulging horses on request. The farmers had to bear the costs of the legal dispute.
In 1600 Oeffingen had about a hundred inhabitants, which is less than in 1350. The still well-preserved field chapel for the Holy Cross on the Waiblinger Feldweg dates from this time.
In 1603, at the request of Marx, Emperor Rudolf II enfeoffed Kaspar and Reinhard von Neuhausen with jurisdiction for serious offenses (neck jurisdiction). The court had to be filled with ten or twelve men. The value of the village was increased by the high level of jurisdiction. The new owners of the neck jurisdiction erected a gallows at the now recultivated Weisbarth quarry, which they only used once, in 1606.
In 1618, Marx Kaspar and Hans Reinhard von Neuhausen issued a Vogt ordinance that regulated legal relations within the village. An essential part of the Vogt ordinance was the Ruggerichtsordnung. The rug courts survived in Swabia from the Carolingian era until the end of the 19th century.
The Vogtordnung remained in force for almost 140 years, until Oeffingen was recognized as a market town in 1753. At the same time, the already existing fire brigade was regulated by a new fire brigade order.
New landlord Domstift Augsburg
The lords of Neuhausen sold the noble manor Oeffingen with all rights to the cathedral monastery of Augsburg in 1618 . The transferring rights also included enfeoffment with the imperial ban on blood; In 1652 it was renewed. The cathedral chapter accepted the arduous scattered situation in order to indicate with the exercise of the high jurisdiction that it was capable of territorial rule up to sovereignty. The cathedral chapter saw itself as a corporate imperial prince; However, his sovereignty was never clearly recognized. The cathedral chapter renewed the gallows in 1775, although it never sentenced anyone to death in Oeffingen. The demonstration of sovereignty over the other rival territorial lords, especially the Augsburg monastery, was more important to the cathedral monastery . The cathedral monastery also had a gallows in Dinkelscherben and Großaitingen. The cathedral monastery Augsburg was independent and formed its own manorial association in the area of the ecclesiastical diocese of Augsburg in addition to the principality of Augsburg. He could also exercise manorial rights in a place where he was not entitled to any patronage rights in the parish church. Outside the borders of the ecclesiastical diocese of Augsburg, Geisenhausen near Vilsbiburg was until 1605 and later only Oeffingen, which formed its own land office. The village's values and income are included in the purchase contract. The legal character of the manor did not change through the sale. The cathedral chapter tried, however, to obtain a seat and voting rights in the knight's convention, also to strengthen the Catholic party in the mixed denominational knighthood. In 1708, the cathedral chapter's application for membership was rejected for the first time; later applications were also unsuccessful. The Augsburg cathedral chapter was able to send a non-voting representative to the knight's convention. In the purchase contract, the cathedral chapter recognized that the canton Kocher of the imperial knighthood could order and collect taxes in Oeffingen. The selling price was 42,000 guilders (silver equivalent: 727.440 thousand grams). Under canon law, Oeffingen remained subject to the diocese of Constance, which had existed since 639 at the latest.
From 1618 to 1803 the bailiff's building at today's Hauptstrasse 37 was the seat of the bailiff of the cathedral monastery. The "Maria with the Child" is still on the building today. Around the picture is the description: "Hochfürstl. Domstift Augsburg. Obervogtei". The Vogt represented the cathedral monastery in all matters and also regulated matters relating to the local sphere of activity. It was subordinate to the central offices of the cathedral chapter, especially the cathedral deanship and the fiscal office, the burs. The bailiff had to submit all court transfers, purchases and barter transactions and inheritance divisions via the chancellery director and syndic to the assembly of cathedral capitals for approval. He had to prepare monthly reports on the regular business and report separately on the completion of individual instructions. There were also visitations, sometimes on the occasion of other business trips by canons. The exchange of mail could take place via Bad Cannstatt and the prince-bishop's residence Dillingen on the Danube, which could then reload the mail to the cathedral chapter based in Augsburg. The post ran three times a week in 1802, on Sundays, Tuesdays and Fridays. The bailiff building at Hauptstraße 37 is still preserved today; The coat of arms and the inscription can be seen from the main street. The building has been used privately since 1814.
In 1618 the Thirty Years War began. Troops passing through caused damage several times.
There were numerous deaths from the plague in 1634 and 1635.
In 1636 the Augsburg Cathedral Chapter sold the place devastated by war and plague for half the cost, namely 21,000 guilders (silver equivalent: 363.720 thousand grams) to the General War Commissioner in Vienna, R. von Wallmerode. He was only supposed to live another six months, and so the cathedral chapter bought the village back from the widow on February 3, 1637 for the same price. The contract was signed in the town hall.
In 1683 the Augsburg Cathedral Chapter sold 61 ¼ acres of Wengert in Vierteln, that is to say in 245 plots of land to Oeffinger subjects. Viticulture had developed into an important industry.
In 1686 the old Württemberg forest map series by Andreas Kieser shows Oeffingen, which has become smaller, in the spelling "Effingen" with 36 buildings, 24 of which are residential buildings. It shows the church and a vineyard in the area of today's Hauptstrasse, Krähenstrasse, Klosterstrasse and Welzheimerstrasse. In 1350, before the demographic bottleneck of the plague and the Thirty Years War, there were still 62 inhabited houses. The depiction of Andreas Kieser is the earliest still remaining depiction of Oeffingen.
School lessons in Oeffingen were first mentioned in 1696:
Elevation to the Obervogtei
From 1699 Oeffingen received a senior bailiff who was also responsible for the Gmünd and Lorch Landamt in addition to the Oeffingen Landamt. He now also had to collect the church tithe for the villages of Ellighofen, Klotzenhof, Metlang, Mittelschlechtbach, Oberbergheim, Oberkirnegg, Pliederwiesen, Reinhards, Wäschenbeuren and Wüstenriet. The local coat of arms, a patriarchal high cross, is documented for the first time in 1699. At that time the high cross was gold and the ground blue; today it is red and the ground is silver. It is similar to the national coat of arms of the Slovak Republic.
Economic structure in 1699
There were 8 farms as inheritance, which had to provide clamping services to the landlord with 4 horses every day. During the 18th century the farms were divided by inheritance and sales. After the farms were divided among different owners, the plots could no longer be managed together. New Maier were therefore no longer used. The landlord sold 153 ¼ acres in 1683 and 1764 to the residents. However, the inheritance remained in place as a legal parameter for the assessment of taxes in kind and compulsory labor, especially the Rossfronden. The plots were added annually in order to distribute the taxes as evenly as possible. A local official and two tax setters made a round with every single citizen and noted the annual changes in the property portfolio. In addition, there were nine individual fiefdoms without farms, which were also continued under assessment law until the 19th century.
Contributions in kind in 1699
The congregation had to pay taxes in kind to the cathedral chapter every year:
Tax rye: 34 bushel ½ Zimri (60.37hl) rye Eternal rye valid: 10 bushel 3 Zimri (18.39hl) rye Eternal spelled valid: 10 bushel 6th Zimri (19.06hl) Spelt Eternal oat validity: 12 bushel 3 Zimri 1 quadruplet (21.99hl) oats Consistent vineyard or spelled validity: 3 bushel (5.32hl) Spelt Spelled gradient from harvests in foreign districts: 5 Zimri (1.1hl) Spelt Vogt and smoked oats in total: 15th Bushel, 6th Zimri 1 quadruplet (27.37hl) Oats.
Smoked oats were measured according to chimneys in the houses.
Wine had to be delivered annually:
Annual wine drop: 3½ bucket (10.29hl) Annual perpetual soil wine: 4¾ bucket (13.96hl) Fiefdom Tenth Wine: 1 bucket (2.94hl) Eternal soil wine: ¼ bucket (73.48 l)
Wine from the Oeffinger wine cellar was partly distributed naturally to the cathedral capitals on All Saints' Day.
In addition, 118 chickens and other poultry such as geese and broilers had to be delivered annually.
The community also had to pay 803 guilders (silver equivalent: 13.908 thousand grams) in cash, namely from the property tax and the butcher's excise, a consumption tax, 203 guilders and 600 guilders for the use of the sheep pasture for 400 sheep, i.e. 1 guilder 30 cruisers per sheep.
The canons and partly the cathedral clergy were provided with the income from the land offices.
From 1715 the annual accounts of the general administrative and market town of Oeffingen in money, fruit and wine are preserved in the registry of the town hall. The connections between money and goods management become more clearly recognizable:
A complete ruin of the field crops in 1707 by a Duke of Württemberg caused a loss of 11363 guilders (silver equivalent 136.356 thousand grams). Weather damage in 1757 was calculated at 10,920 guilders (silver equivalent 141.960 thousand grams) and in 1761 at 15059 guilders (silver equivalent 195.767 thousand grams).
The Oeffinger Schlössle was sold to the Reichsstift Kempten in 1739 for 1330 guilders (silver equivalent 17.290 thousand grams). From there the Schlössle fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria and the municipality bought the Schlössle back from Bavaria in 1808 for 1490 guilders (silver equivalent 14.548 thousand grams).
The billeting of Austrian and French troops in 1744/1745 caused expenses for the villagers to the amount of 5344 guilders (silver equivalent 70.962 thousand grams).
Monuments to Donato Frisoni and Leopold Retti
In 1735 the Catholic master builder Donato Frisoni from Laiano on Lake Como (1683 to 1735), the former chief master builder of Duke Eberhard Ludwig, was buried at Ludwigsburg Castle in Oeffingen. His nephew Leopold Retti (1705 to 1751) followed him. At that time it was common for Catholics to be buried in Catholic cemeteries. Retti worked as chief builder on the interior of the Ludwigsburg Palace. From 1744 until his death he was entrusted with the planning and construction management of the Stuttgart “New Palace”. A sandstone memorial was erected for Frisoni and Retti, and these were - in the meantime unsightly - repurposed as goal posts for the entrance gate to the cemetery. In 1965 the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments commissioned the sculptor Unkauf to make a copy of the two monuments. These have been set up in the old cemetery near the church tower since 1966. The originals are in the church.
Württemberg wine embargo
The Duchy of Württemberg found the Oeffingen enclave's trade with the inexpensive and popular Neckar wine to be increasingly disruptive. From 1750 onwards, Oeffingen was no longer allowed to go into the vicinity. Agriculture was pushed back to agriculture and animal husbandry. A great emergency arose because the proceeds from wine sales had become almost the only source of money for the Oeffinger over the years. The delivery of the wine to third parties was hampered by admission fees, transport, transit and storage fees. A bucket (2.94 hl) had a selling price of 15 guilders. The admission fee was five guilders. For the transport of the wine through the Württemberg region, 45 Kreuzer admission fees had to be paid per bucket. The proceeds were therefore reduced by 38.7%. The selling price of a liter of wine was just over three cruisers; you can imagine this amount as 0.78 €. The villagers complained heavily and the cathedral chapter of Augsburg turned to the Duchy of Württemberg in 1756 with a request to lift the wine ban. There was no success.
Elevation to the market town
In 1753, Oeffingen was first referred to as a market town in the tax description of an imperial knight commissioner and received part of the town charter. In 1764 a new tax and validity book was introduced; the latter for the notarization and receipt of the grain taxes to the landlord, the cathedral monastery.
In 1764 the cathedral monastery of Augsburg sold 62 acres of its manorial estates in small areas to the Oeffinger subjects - in 1683 there were still vineyards. This allowed them to become full and middle farmers after the peasant liberation and did not become Kätner, Büdner or Kossäts based on the Prussian model, dependent on wage labor.
Franciscan hospice
Because despite the religious peace in Augsburg, the Duchy of Württemberg kept making attempts to introduce the Reformation in Oeffingen, so the Franciscan hospice , a small, dependent Franciscan monastery , was built in 1772 . Due to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss conclusion, the cathedral monastery of Augsburg fell to Bavaria in 1803 and Bavaria dissolved the monastery. The grounds, buildings, church and inventory of the monastery were sold. The altars of the monastery church and the way of the cross are taken up to this day in the St. Barbara church in the neighboring Stuttgart-Hofen. The organ of the monastery church is also still there; it is used in the parish church of St. Urban and Vitus in Neuhausen near Pforzheim.
Basic outline of the patch of Oeffingen
The second important representation of Oeffingen in the picture comes from the year 1775, the outline of the patch of Oeffingen with explanations. The church, the Franciscan hospital, the former town hall, the field chapel on the way to Waiblingen, the Tennhof and the gallows are shown.
The church tower is lower today because the upper octagon floor has been removed. The new, slim helmet rests on the lower octagon level today. The hall of the church is hardly wider than the tower. The cemetery is close around the church and not to the northeast as it is today. The town hall is on the corner of Krähenstrasse and Klosterplatz. The Schlössle was lower, because the upper half-timbered floor was not added until 1827 to put an end to the school room shortage. The Obervogtei in Hauptstrasse 37 with the picture “Maria with the Child” has been preserved.
Extensive vineyards can still be seen, although the Württemberg wine ban has been a sensitive trade barrier since 1750. In 1775, the proportion of vines should still have taken up 30–40% of the agriculturally used areas.
The field chapel "zum Heiligen Kreuz" on the way to Waiblingen has survived. The stucco in the interior is still there. It was created at the end of the 16th century by a member of the "Wessobrunn School". The “Wessobrunn School” is the name given to the stucco gates and master builders, which are characterized by their common origin from Wessobrunn in Upper Bavaria. From the 16th to the 18th century, the Wessobrunn School designed churches, castles and monasteries and influenced stucco art in southern Germany.
The wayside crosses shown do not exist anymore, but they still live in the field names "bei Schmidener Kreuz" and "bei Aldinger" Kreuz. The wayside crosses were replaced on the footpath to Hofen, where the Hofener Bittgang still takes place today. The Galgenberg only lives on as a field name.
Napoleonic wars, Oeffingen becomes Bavarian
Oeffingen is incorporated into the Kingdom of Württemberg
In 1810 Bavaria and Wuerttemberg, which Napoleon had elevated to kingdom in 1806, agreed in a border adjustment agreement that Oeffingen would become part of Wuerttemberg. The contract was signed on May 18, 1810. On November 6th, the Kingdom of Württemberg took possession of the place and made Oeffingen subordinate to the Oberamt Cannstatt . On December 10, 1810, the Waiblingen camera office took over the community files and 12 fire rifles, a spear and 13 sabers from the musketeers. Franz Ferdinand Bobinger, who had been removed from office by Bavaria, became the first Württemberg mayor in Oeffingen; he was thus the servant of three masters.
For the first time in 441 years, Oeffingen belonged again to Württemberg, which had developed from a feudal association to a state. The kingdom, for its part, was a member of the German Confederation founded in 1815 , an association of individual German states to which Austria and Prussia also belong.
In 1809/1810 Oeffingen experienced the second billeting of French, this time Napoleonic troops with 33 officers, 1897 men and 832 horses. They should put down the Austrian attempt to militarily end Napoleon's influence on Europe.
Abolition of local serfdom, permanent taxes in kind exist
In 1817 the Kingdom of Württemberg sold the dominant vineyards that had remained with the Augsburg Cathedral Monastery after 1683 to citizens of Oeffing.
In 1817 the Kingdom of Württemberg abolished local serfdom . The now free people could replace the basic charges based on serfdom with 16 times the annual amount. The Oeffinger decided unanimously in favor of the replacement. Among other things, 18 bushels, 1 Simri and 2 quadrupeds (32.24 hl) Rauch- Zoll- and Vogthafer were replaced.
Other, tax-like basic taxes, most of which had to be paid to the Kingdom of Württemberg, were not redeemed, namely 8 guilders, 16 kreuzers in money, 147 bushels, 3 zimri and 3 quads (261.39hl) spelled, 94 bushels, 7 zimri and 1 quartet ( 168.22 hl) oats, 73 bushels, 7 zimri (130.94hl) smooth fruits, i.e. the grain types core and rye and 18 buckets, 13 immi and 8 ¾ measure (40.76 hl) wine
The blood tithe (animals) went to the parish of Oeffingen and the fruit tithe to the tenants of the Tennhof.
The Predigerhof and the Salmannsweilerhof were only released from the tax obligation in 1844 and had to pay the transfer fee later.
Around fifty years before the complete abolition of taxes in kind and non-metric measurements, a colored drawing of the “Oeffinger Kastenknecht” from 1822 reminds of how the farmer kept grain in a streaked, i.e. not heaped bushel through the centuries in the landlord's fruit box had to deliver. The dimensions are explained: "1 bushel has 8 simery, 1 simery has 4 quads, 1 quads has 4 corners". A bushel held 177.246 l in Württemberg.
In 1818 there were 142 inhabited houses and 434.25 hectares of agricultural land in Oeffingen.
Open in local self-administration
In 1819, before Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Baden, Württemberg implemented the principle of communal self-government in its new constitution. From then on, communal life developed steadily, but with interruptions due to three wars with their phases of destruction, reconstruction and recovery.
Oeffingen now needed a second classroom, and this was set up in a council room on the upper floor of the Schlössle in 1823. In 1827 a second floor was added to the Schlössle, and a third classroom was set up on the ground floor.
In 1823 the community acquired the wine press from the royal Württemberg finance chamber and in 1838 the sheep pasture.
In 1821/1822 the church tower was made lower. The parish tried to pass the costs on to the Kingdom of Württemberg as patroness . A lawsuit showed that the church building load no longer follows the patronage law as before; a community action against the kingdom is dismissed. A schematic view of the parish church with the hall building and the parsonage shows a colored drawing from 1823 stored in the Rottenburg diocesan archive.
In 1826 a smallpox epidemic also spread in Oeffingen. The population increased noticeably from 868 in 1829 to 931 in 1840. In 1844 there were 213 residential buildings and 173 stables in Oeffingen. There was freedom of movement in the Kingdom of Württemberg, so that in 1862 the first Evangelical was able to settle in Oeffingen.
In 1829 the cemetery was moved a little to the east, to its present location.
In 1836 Oeffingen moved from the area of responsibility of the Waiblingen camera office to that of the Cannstatt camera office .
Mechanization, recreation, public facilities and expansion of the economic area
In 1832 Oeffingen largely overcome the consequences of the Napoleonic wars. The 887 inhabitants were in relatively good financial circumstances. Agriculture and viticulture, but not fruit growing, formed the basis of life. The place had four inns and several businesses. Industrialization started later than in places with natural resources or energy sources. There is no watercourse to operate flour or cutting mills. Ship mills such as those on the Rhine, Elbe or Mulde were not in use on the neighboring Neckar . Among the traders were twelve master masons, a chicory factory , a tobacco factory, a cardboard factory and a factory each for upholstery and filling wadding and quills.
The Liederkranz choir was founded in 1836 as the oldest club in Oeffingen.
In 1840 the narrow predecessor of today's Catholic Church was erected as a larger, but also simple building in the tax chamber style for 10,000 guilders (silver equivalent 95.490 thousand grams). The church was continuously expanded until 1937 and was badly damaged by bombs on July 16, 1944. In 1861 Oeffingen was connected to the railway; the next train station is Fellbach.
In 1870/1871, Oeffinger also took part in the Franco-German War in unknown numbers . There was no enthusiasm for war. The veterans continued to tell their war experience until the first half of the 20th century.
In 1871 the Kingdom of Württemberg became a member of the federal state "German Empire", which removed conventional barriers to the economy. A year later, metric measurements (meters, liters, kilograms) were introduced across Germany for the first time. In 1873 the mark was introduced as the national currency, also on a metric basis; The purchasing power of one mark can be imagined at around € 6.50. 1 mark corresponds to 35 Kreuzers of southern German currency; three marks correspond to one thaler in north German currency.
In 1880, the Kingdom of Württemberg approved the establishment of the first postal agency, which is believed to have opened in the Schlössle. In 1892 a post office was set up. In 1923 613 parcels were received in Oeffingen and 278 were posted. 40 telegrams arrived and 32 were posted.
In 1886 the volunteer fire brigade in Oeffingen was founded. In 1891 it already had 86 men and a suction fire syringe was purchased that could pump 386 liters of water per minute. In 1910 a separate fire station was built.
In 1889 the “Zur Traube” inn, which still exists today, was built.
In 1898 the Catholic workers' association was founded. In 1899 he had 33 active and 15 honorary members. The first president was Pastor Keilbach and the first board member was Benedikt Storz until 1925. The main task of the association was education and training of the members in social, religious, economic and political areas, in particular on the basis of the social encyclical " Rerum Novarum " by Pope Leo XIII.
The populous city of Stuttgart gave immigrant craftsmen and tradespeople a livelihood in Oeffingen. Yet only the peasants were considered wealthy and the workers poor. Viticulture had shrunk significantly and only comprised 4.5% of the total area under cultivation. According to the description of the Oberamt Waiblingen in 1895, 89% of the cultivated area was used for arable farming and 6.5% for meadows and pastureland. Many farmers were full and middle farmers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the place was not rich, but it was economically sound.
The founding of the gymnastics club failed in 1889, but succeeded in 1897. In 1900 the gymnastics club celebrated the new century and spent 2.60 M for the fireworks; In 1901 the gymnastics club had 36 members and 8 pupils and in 1911 the membership fee in the gymnastics club was 20 pfennigs per month. In 1908 the gymnastics club acquired a used gym from Fellbach, which was not given up until 1935 and was replaced by a clubhouse in 1936.
In 1902 Fellbach, Schmiden and Oeffingen built a water supply together. The previous wells were still doing their job and drinking water was not seriously scarce. But the savings in work and time caught the eye, because several central water supplies were put into operation in Württemberg since 1862. The water was pumped out of the groundwater in the district of Aldingen near the three fish ponds on the Neckar and pumped into the high reservoir on the 462 m high Kappelberg east of Fellbach. A gas engine of 50 to 60 hp drove the pump, which made 30-50 l per second. The high reservoir was made of concrete and contained 800 m³. From the Kappelberg the water was led through pipes to the individual houses with the natural, even pressure of the slope. The system cost 360,000 marks; 60,000 marks went to Oeffingen. The bank filtrate was used until 1935 and some of it was also delivered to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim and Bad Cannstatt. In 1935 the groundwater sank due to a correction of the Neckar and from then on Oeffingen received water from the national supply. Water from Lake Constance is required from 1963.
In 1910 parts of Oeffingen were supplied with electricity for the first time; the first eleven street lamps were put up at the same time.
In 1911/1912 the school and town hall was built in today's Hauptstrasse 1 for 90,000 marks, where the administrative office of the Fellbach city administration, the city library and the Württemberg state notary are now.
In 1913 the consecutive numbering of houses was abolished and the system of street names and house numbers that is common today was introduced.
At the First World War, 1914-1918 193 Oeffinger participated. A simple memorial at the entrance to the cemetery is dedicated to the 32 fallen. 16 Oeffinger were taken prisoner of war. The building fabric of Oeffingen remained undestroyed, because the front was a long way away and bombings from the air remained isolated cases that did not affect Oeffingen.
The People's State of Württemberg dissolved the Cannstatt Upper Office in 1923 and Oeffingen came to the Waiblingen Upper Office .
In 1928 Oeffingen had 1,115 inhabitants and belonged to the Stuttgart metropolitan area. In 1929 Hofen was incorporated into Stuttgart. Stuttgart also wanted to incorporate Fellbach, Schmiden and Oeffingen. The traditional connection to the court, which also remained Catholic, became noticeable and Oeffingen wanted to follow to Stuttgart. Fellbach and Schmiden waved them off, and Oeffingen was not incorporated for the time being.
In 1929 women gymnasts wanted to be included as a separate department in the gymnastics club. The club refused, but made the hall available to them at their own risk.
National Socialism
The anti-Semitic and neo-pagan National Socialism that ruled from 1933 tried to destroy the traditional Catholicism in Oeffingen. In the 37th year of its existence, the Catholic workers' association was dissolved in June 1935 because of threatened reprisals. It was not until 1954 that he was able to resume his work under the name “Catholic Werkvolk Oeffingen of the Diocese of Rottenburg, Gau Stuttgart”. In 1935 the community lost its right to self-government in favor of the National Socialist imperial powers. The congregation was renamed "Open- ing".
In 1936, Mothers from Oeffingen opposed the introduction of the "German School" and the associated abolition of religious education.
During the district reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Oeffingen came to the Waiblingen district in 1938 .
On September 3, 1942, the Pallottine Father Albert Eise from Oeffingen , a protagonist of the renewing Catholic “Schoenstatt Movement”, was murdered in the Dachau concentration camp near Munich by deliberately withholding food. A street is named after him.
550 Oeffingers took part in the Second World War as members of military formations, 78 were killed and 31 were missing. They are also mentioned on the war memorial. On July 16, 1944, Oeffingen was almost completely destroyed by an American bombardment. 230 heavy explosive bombs, one heavy mine, 60 heavy liquid incendiary bombs and about 8000 stick incendiary bombs fell. The total damage was estimated at 3.5 million RM. The Obervogtei building in Hauptstrasse, the church, the town hall and the Schlössle are not hit.
post war period
In 1945 Oeffingen was occupied by the Americans , and so the ownership structure was maintained and with it the layout of the land. Through the proclamation of the Commander-in-Chief of the American Armed Forces in Germany, the state of Württemberg-Baden was formed, to whose territory the district of Waiblingen and thus the municipality of Oeffingen belong. Local self-government was reintroduced.
In 1946, the municipal administration designated the municipality again in the old spelling "Oeffingen" on its official seals without a municipal council resolution. The necessary municipal council resolution was made up in 1956.
In 1948 the shortage of building materials came to an end with the introduction of the Deutsche Mark in place of the devalued Reichsmark and a comprehensive deregulation of the economy, and with that the reconstruction began. The new buildings were often rebuilt on the old cellars and foundations, so that the townscape partly lives on in the floor plans. In 1950 almost all of the burned down and destroyed houses were rebuilt.
The Second World War did not result in the usual decline in population after wars, but led to an increase in population due to the increase in birth rates and immigration of displaced persons and refugees. The population rose from 1640 in 1939 to 2020 in 1959. In 1956, there were 420 expellees from Sudeten Germany and from the Reich area beyond the Oder and Lusatian Neisse. There are also refugees from Central Germany, which was under Soviet occupation (1949–1989 “German Democratic Republic”). But there were also German-speaking returnees from other countries, e.g. B. Ukraine, who were initially housed in the Tennhof and from 1947 could find accommodation in the village.
In 1952 Anton Plappert (* March 28, 1899), Oeffingen's most important homeland researcher, self-published his book: “Oeffingen im Wandel der Zeiten”. In the same year Oeffingen became part of the newly founded state of Baden-Württemberg .
In 1954, after a waiting period of 25 years, the female gymnasts were accepted as a separate department in the gymnastics club; a fistball department was also established; In 1955 the gymnastics club had more than 200 members
In 1956 the Schiller School and the new gymnasium and community hall were inaugurated. In 1962 an extension of the Schiller School was built.
In 1958, Schmiden and Oeffingen began building a sewage treatment plant together.
In 1963, Oeffingen began to obtain drinking and industrial water from Lake Constance. Industrial water in particular had become scarce. To maintain the water pressure, a 30 m high water tower was built in the Hartwald.
The churches
In 1964 the Protestant St. John's Church was completed and inaugurated by the Evangelical Regional Bishop Haug. The planning architect was Prof. E. Fritz from Stuttgart. The number of evangelicals has risen steadily since belonging to Württemberg:
In 1861 the first Protestant moved there. In 1905, 47 of the 940 inhabitants were Protestant. In 1925 54 of the 1121 inhabitants were Protestant. In 1948, 265 of the 1842 inhabitants were Protestant. In 1988, 1890 of the 6,084 inhabitants were Protestant. In 2007, 2,875 of the 6,872 inhabitants were Catholic, 2017 Protestant and 1980 others.
The hall of the Catholic Church of St. Nabor was replaced by a new one from 1966 to 1968 because it was too small and could no longer be renovated due to severe bomb damage. The task given to the planner was to reconcile the new building with the listed church tower from 1457, which is worth preserving. The new hall building was therefore erected separately from the tower in the parish garden, so that the two buildings do not interfere with each other and the functional relationship is still preserved. The planner was Emil Steffann , a prominent German church architect of the second half of the twentieth century. The church is 38.25 m long, 26.25 m wide and offers more than 600 seats. It is made of natural stone on the outside and unobtrusively reminds of the Christian tradition that has been preserved in Oeffingen for more than 1600 years. The church was consecrated in 1968 by Bishop Carl Joseph Leiprecht. The church lost its old name St. Nabor, Basilides, Cyrinus and Nazarius and now bears the name "Christ the King". The old hall from 1840 was demolished in 1976 and the renovation of the old church tower has been completed in 1978.
Community development from 1965 to 2010
In 1965 the gymnastics club founded a youth soccer group in 1897, the soccer department in 1968 and the tennis department in 1973.
In 1968 the press sports ground was inaugurated, in 1974 there were five tennis courts, in 1976 the new sports hall, and in 1978 the new club house of the gymnastics club, which replaced the old one from 1936 and in 1984 the new sports field "Tennwengert".
During the district reform in Baden-Württemberg , Oeffingen came to the Rems-Murr district on January 1, 1973 .
In 1974 Oeffingen was incorporated into Fellbach one year after the neighboring community of Schmiden. The construction of the sports hall, which was inaugurated in 1976, was included in the integration contract of December 21, 1973. Oeffingen is entitled to six city council seats according to the principles of the false choice of part of town.
In 1987, two years before the collapse of the "German Democratic Republic", Fellbach signed an inner-German town twinning with the oldest Saxon residence city of Meissen .
In 1988 the construction of a Fellbacher, Schmidener and “Oeffingener” street began in an eastern residential area of Meissen in the direction of Niederau - in Meißnischer spelling.
In 1989 the twelve hundredth anniversary took place.
In 1999 the Heimatverein Oeffingen 1999 e. V. founded. In the same year, the euro was introduced as book and billing money.
In 2001, Rose and Paul Jörg presented the local family book they had compiled to the town of Fellbach and the "Christ the King" parish.
In 2002 the euro was introduced as a banknote and coin.
In 2007 the Oeffinger Schlössle was handed over as a cultural and club house, 75 TEURO from the Foundation for Monument Protection were included.
In 2009 the city of Fellbach built the accessible steel sculpture “Landungsbrücke” on the banks of the Neckar in the north-west of Oeffingen, based on a design by Claus Bury . It should offer those who linger a bird's eye view of the Neckar. The access to the Neckar is symbolic.
May 18, 2010 was the bicentenary of the return to Württemberg, but it was not celebrated.
Population, commercial operations and agricultural area
| 1600 | 100 | EW | grown men only |
| 1705 | 100 | EW | grown men only |
| 1789 | 160 | EW | grown men only |
| 1829 | 868 | EW | 434.25 hectares of agricultural land (1818) |
| 1831 | 887 | EW | |
| 1840 | 931 | EW | 213 residential buildings and 173 stables (1844) |
| 1871 | 894 | EW | |
| 1900 | 920 | EW | 54 businesses (1894) and 618 hectares of agricultural land |
| 1905 | 940 | EW | |
| 1919 | 1031 | EW | |
| 1925 | 1121 | EW | |
| 1928 | 1115 | EW | |
| 1933 | 1274 | EW | 65 businesses and 613 hectares of agricultural land |
| 1939 | 1640 | EW | |
| 1946 | 1712 | EW | |
| 1948 | 1852 | EW | |
| 1950 | 2020 | EW | |
| 1956 | 3102 | EW | |
| 1961 | 3826 | EW | |
| 1970 | 5329 | EW | |
| 1974 | 5856 | EW | 220 businesses and 508 hectares of agricultural land |
| 1985 | 5963 | EW | 287 businesses (1984) |
| 1988 | 6084 | EW | 274 businesses (1987) and 341 ha of agricultural land |
| 1990 | 6617 | EW | |
| 1995 | 6692 | EW | |
| 2001 | 7098 | EW | |
| 2005 | 6971 | EW | |
| 2007 | 6872 | EW |
The municipal area remained constant at 686 ha.
Senior bailiffs, mayors and mayors
- Johann Stieber, Obervogt, 1650
- Veit Holl, Obervogt, 1676
- Johann Hassel, Obervogt, 1678
- Hyronimus Kapfer, Obervogt, 1701
- Franz Josef Dürr, Obervogt, 1703
- Leopold Heinrich Merk, Obervogt, 1720
- Gabriel Josef Kan, Obervogt, 1728
- Josef Raimund Moz, Obervogt, 1735
- Johann Jakob Esser, Obervogt, 1750
- Josef Anton Grünstiesser, Obervogt, 1756
- Franz Coelestin Wild, Obervogt, 1754
- Franz Ferdinand Bobinger, Upper Bailiff of the Augsburg Cathedral Chapter, 1789–1803
- Franz Ferdinand Bobinger, Upper Bailiff of the Kingdom of Bavaria, 1803–1810
- Franz Ferdinand Bobinger, mayor of the Kgr. Württemberg, 1810–1812
- Johannes Stetter, mayor of the Kgr. Württemberg, 1812-1819
- Johannes Stetter, mayor in communal self-government, 1819–1825
- Franz Stetter, Mayor, 1825
- Johann Baptist Stetter, Schultheiß, 1835
- Johann Georg Maiersperger, Mayor, 1852
- Josef Stetter, Schultheiß, 1880
- Wilhelm Rombold, Schultheiss, 1905
- Eugen Datphäus, Mayor, 1921–1935
- Eugen Datphäus, Mayor of the German Empire, 1935–1945
- Adolf Pfeiffer, mayor in local self-government, 1946
- Eugen Stütz, Mayor, 1948–1966
- Dieter Heim, Mayor, 1966–1974
economy
Agriculture is no longer the sole or predominant source of income for the Oeffinger. Today there are only five full-time farmers and five part-time farmers. Agriculture focuses on potatoes and sugar beets. There are early, mid-early and late varieties of potatoes (Christa, Attika, Selena, Sieglinde and Granola). The harvest is brought in with a full harvester and delivered to the wholesaler in Ludwigsburg.
The Tennhof is still a state domain. Today animals are cared for there that are no longer up to the business of the zoo. The area around the Tennhof is still one of the most fertile areas in Baden-Württemberg.
Metal processing and mechanical engineering are important today. There is a large industrial area.
Larger companies are: Spedition Weckerle, Baugeschäft Rothwein, Metallbau Rothwein
Common family names from 1650 and before 1800
Bucher, Gauss, Gollhofer, Großschatz, König, Lehner, Menne, Plappert, Rombold, Rothwein, Schweizer, Stetter ,reiber; Favorath, Morell, Dupuis. The accumulation of these names is no longer given in the neighboring villages of Hofen and Schmiden.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Jakob Gauermann (1773–1843), painter
- Johann Philipp Schwarz, b. October 23, 1805, mechanized his joinery in Prague into a furniture factory
- Albert Deibele (1889–1972), senior teacher, poet, local researcher and city archivist and honorary citizen of Schwäbisch Gmünd
- Jens Bürkle (* 1980), handball player
- Maren Baumbach (* 1981), handball player
- Sami Khedira (* 1987), football player
- Rani Khedira (* 1994), football player
Bibliography
Manuals
- Martin Vogt (Ed.), German History from the Beginnings to the Present, 3rd edition Frankfurt 2006
- Trapp / Wallerus, Handbook of Dimensions, Numbers and Weights and Time Calculation, 5th edition Stuttgart 2006
- Trapp / Fried, Handbook of Minting and Money in Germany, 2nd edition Stuttgart 2006
Monographs
- Anton Plappert, Oeffingen im Wandel, Oeffingen 1952
- Maurice J. Elsas, Outline of a History of Prices and Wages in Germany, Leiden 1936
- Christian Keitel, rule over land and people, Leinfelden - Echterdingen, 2000
- Anton Plappert, Catholic Church Christ the King, Passau 2007
- 1200 years of Oeffingen, Festschrift Ed .: Stadt Fellbach, Fellbach 1989
- Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger, description of the Upper Office Canstatt (sic), Stuttgart and Tübingen 1832
- Karen Schmitt, Oeffingen in prehistoric times, Stuttgart 1990
- Karl H. Schneider, History of the Liberation of the Peasants, Stuttgart 2010
- Thomas Schulz, The Canton Kocher of the Swabian Imperial Knighthood 1542–1805, Esslingen 1986
- Joachim Seiler, The Augsburg Cathedral Chapter from the Thirty Years War to Secularization (1648–1802), St. Ottilien, 1989
- Wolfgang Wüst, Das Fürstbistum Augsburg, Augsburg 1997
Collections of articles
- Wolfgang Müller, On the history of the Alemanni, Darmstadt 1975
Essays, newspaper articles
- Anton Plappert, a basic outline of the market town of Oeffingen from 1775, bulletin of the community of Oeffingen No. 13/1964
- When the water first flowed uphill in Fellbach , Fellbacher Stadtanzeiger from January 10, 2002, www.Thomas-Scharnowski.de
Data collections
- History - data of the community of Oeffingen from November 27th, 2000, created by the administrative office of Oeffingen of the city Fellbach, nv
- Christina Lamparter, Oeffinger data, as of 2008, nv
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 8.
- ↑ Athanassios Danoglidis, Stone Age grave filled up again, Stuttgarter Nachrichten of March 30, 2010
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 9.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 11.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 13.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 12.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 13.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 15 f.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 17.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 22 f.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 22 f.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 25.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 26.
- ↑ Schmitt, Prehistory, p. 26.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 26.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 31.
- ^ Rolf Sprandel, Landlord nobility, legal freedom in Müller, Alemannen, p. 355.
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 3794, August 18, 789 - Reg. 2127. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 302 , accessed on May 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 13.
- ↑ a b c Plappert, Catholic Church, p. 5.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 34 f.
- ↑ a b c d Festschrift, p. 15.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 114.
- ↑ Keitel, Rule over Land and People, p. 53.
- ↑ Keitel, Rule over Land and People, p. 55.
- ↑ a b c Plappert, Bulletin 1964 / S. 13.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 58.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 39.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 40.
- ↑ a b Plappert, Catholic Church, p. 17.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 42.
- ^ Lamparter, Oeffinger Daten, p. 2.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 45.
- ↑ a b Festschrift, p. 30.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 235.
- ↑ Trapp / Wallerus, Handbook of Dimensions, Numbers and Weights, p. 309.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 46 f.
- ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, B 126 d S of June 28, 1574.
- ^ Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, B 126 d SU 440 of July 29, 1603.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 63.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 547.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 272.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 271.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 175.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 177.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, pp. 257, 271.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 257.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 231.
- ^ Wüst, Fürstbistum Augsburg, p. 160 f.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, pp. 275, 398.
- ↑ Schulz, Canton Kocher, p. 256 f.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, pp. 275, 398.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 58.
- ↑ Ref Geuenich, Alemannen, p. 100 f.
- ^ Wüst, Fürstbistum Augsburg, p. 160.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 254.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 691.
- ^ Wüst, Fürstbistum Augsburg, p. 308 ff.
- ↑ a b c d e f Festschrift, p. 16.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 261.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 232.
- ↑ name = "plap-mb64 / 13"
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 63.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, pp. 52,88,92.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 201.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 53.
- ↑ Seiler, Cathedral Chapter, p. 201.
- ↑ Plappert, Catholic Church, p. 24.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 55.
- ↑ Schneider, Peasant Liberation, p. 121.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 86.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 17 f.
- ↑ von Memminger, Description of the Upper Office Canstatt, p. 181.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, 89
- ↑ von Memminger, description, p. 181.
- ↑ von Memminger, description, p. 182.
- ↑ a b Festschrift, 19
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 111 ff.
- ↑ Dr. Hans Volkmar Findeisen, http://www.thomas-scharnowski.de/
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 93.
- ↑ Eva Herschmann, Stuttgarter Nachrichten of April 15, 2010, “We have almost reached the same status as 130 years ago” after preliminary work by Manfred Blacha, Oeffingen.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 14.
- ↑ http://www.thomas-scharnowski.de/
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 93.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 40.
- ↑ Section 41, Paragraph 1, Clause 3 and Section 41, Paragraph 3, Clause 1 of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935
- ↑ a b c d Festschrift, p. 20.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 94.
- ^ Proclamation of September 19, 1945.
- ↑ Art. 98 Paragraph 1 Clause 1 of the State Constitution of Württemberg-Baden of November 28, 1946.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 96.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 48.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 30 f.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 29.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 463 .
- ↑ www.klingenberg-meißen.de
- ^ "Fellbach is finally also on the Neckar", Stuttgarter Nachrichten of September 26, 2009
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 26.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 139.
- ↑ Festschrift, p. 43.
- ↑ Plappert, Wandel, p. 142.
