Schwäbisch Gmünd
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Coordinates: 48 ° 48 ' N , 9 ° 48' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Stuttgart | |
| County : | Ostalbkreis | |
| Height : | 321 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 113.78 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 61,186 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 538 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 73525, 73527, 73529, 73072, 73550, 73553 |
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| Primaries : | 07171, 07173, 07165, 07332 | |
| License plate : | AA, GD | |
| Community key : | 08 1 36 065 | |
| LOCODE : | DE SGD | |
City administration address : |
Marktplatz 1 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd |
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| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Richard Arnold ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd in the Ostalb district | ||
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Schwäbisch Gmünd ([ ˈʃvɛːbɪʃ ˈɡmʏnt ]) is a city in the east of Baden-Württemberg , about 50 km east of the state capital Stuttgart . The former imperial city belongs to the East Wuerttemberg region and the edge zone of the European metropolitan region of Stuttgart . In terms of population and area, it is the largest city in the Rems Valley . In terms of population size, it is the second largest city in the Ostalb district after Aalen and the entire region of Ostwürttemberg, in which it forms a central center for the surrounding area. Schwäbisch Gmünd has been a major district town since 1956 and has been the seat of the East Württemberg regional association since 1973 .
From 1805 to 1934 the city was officially called Gmünd , a name that is still used in local parlance. The name of the city is derived from the confluence (" Gemünde ") of many streams with the Rems.
geography
Geographical location
Schwäbisch Gmünd lies in a valley widening of the Rems between the edge heights of the Welzheimer Wald (part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest ) in the north and the foreland of the eastern Swabian Alb in the south and in the mouth of some tributaries of the river. The Degenfeld district lies on the other side of the Furtle Pass in the valley of the Lauter flowing to the Fils .
geology
Between its lowest point at the outflow of the Rems at around 290 m above sea level. NN and its highest on the cold field at around 781 m above sea level. NN extends the urban area of some 500 meters. Because of these great differences in location and its considerable extent, Gmünd's geology is very diverse.
The Keuper shapes the valley floor and the slopes of the valley locations, especially around Gmünd's core town. Tuberous marl stands above the parlor sandstone , which was quarried in the vicinity of the city and was used, among other things, for the construction of the Gmünder Munster , which makes it difficult to develop the slopes due to its granular consistency, because it swells and slips off, especially when water gets in tends.
Plains of the southern German Jura extend over the Keuper . The Black Jura lies around Großdeinbach , Wetzgau-Rehnenhof , Straßdorf and Metlangen . In the lower Black Jura, above thin layers of psilonote limestone and clay marl, mainly the Angulate sandstone , which was quarried in the region for the construction of the Gmünder city wall, among other things . Above that, around Schwäbisch Gmünd, you can find Arietenkalk , further layers of marl and clay slate in which the pyrite known as fool's gold occurs.
Elevations above these levels such as the Kaiserberg Rechberg consist of brown and even white Jura . The brown iron sandstone characteristic of the Brown Jura with its oolite iron ore deposits was not only mined in the region for smelting, but also supplied raw materials for building houses; the stones of both the pilgrimage church and the castle on the Rechberg come from this layer. The iron-rich sandstone alternates with layers of marl.
The geological path from Schwäbisch Gmünd up to the Hohenrechberg shows the layers in outcrops along the way.
Waters
The largest body of water in Schwäbisch Gmünd is the Rems . Coming from Böbingen , it enters the urban area in the east, flows through Zimmer , Hirschmühle and Hussenhofen in a westerly direction , then the core city , and then leaves the district in the west towards Lorch .
Many bodies of water flowing through the urban area drain in the urban area of the Rems, from the north mainly the Sulzbach through Schiessal and the Rotenbach coming from Großdeinbach . There are much more larger tributaries, namely the south with the Albrand and his run-up to her Krümmlingsbach in rooms, the amount received at the edge of town Josef Bach , who slightly above only from the union of Waldstetter and bed Ringer Bach created that Deutenbach with its large influx Heuselbach from the area of Straßdorf, the Tiefenbach, which begins at the confluence of the Felbenbach and Höllbach , and the Tannbach at the bottom . Among them, the Josefsbach, with a length of over 13 km from its uppermost source, is the largest tributary of the Rems, all the others mentioned are between 4 and 5½ km.
The urban area ends north of the Lindach district on the right bank of the Lein or a little beyond. Almost all of the way, it flows away from the Neckar on the opposite course to the Rems , into which, however, its water ultimately reaches far downwards via the Kocher . The Lauter rises in the southernmost district of Degenfeld near the Furtle Pass and does not flow into the Rems either, but whose outflow via the Fils reaches the Neckar noticeably above the Rems tributary .
The Bud Spencer open-air swimming pool in Schiessal uses an artificially created bathing lake ( Schiessalsee ), in which, however, it is currently not allowed to swim due to poor water quality.
Protected areas
The urban area of Schwäbisch Gmünd extends over four nature reserves:
- Bargauer Horn (25.2 ha, designation 1939)
- Cold field with Hornberg, Galgenberg and Eierberg (634.4 ha, designation 1939)
- Lindenfeld (75.0 ha, designation 1994)
- Scheuelberg (119 ha, designation 1998)
The list of natural monuments in Schwäbisch Gmünd also shows 17 large-scale natural monuments and 27 individual natural monuments.
climate
The following climatic variables come from the weather station in the Straßdorf district at 415 m above sea level. NN , which is about 90 meters above the city center. Due to the great topographical variability in the urban area, which extends from the edge heights of the Welzheimer Forest over the bottom of the Remstal to the first mountains of the Swabian Alb , individual districts can have significantly different values. In the Schwäbisch Gmünd valley area, an average of around 90 frost days and around 40 summer days are measured. In the period from 1971 to 2000 a closed snow cover was found on 11 to 20 days, the average wind speed was 2 m / s.
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Monthly average precipitation and temperatures for Schwäbisch Gmünd-Straßdorf
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Neighboring communities
In a clockwise direction and starting in the north, the following cities and communities border the city: Mutlangen , Durlangen , Täferrot , Iggingen , Böbingen an der Rems , Heubach , Bartholomä (all like Gmünd in the Ostalb district ), Lauterstein ( Göppingen district ), Waldstetten (Ostalb district), Donzdorf , Ottenbach , Göppingen , Wäschenbeuren (all districts of Göppingen), Lorch (Ostalb district) and Alfdorf ( Rems-Murr district ).
City structure
The urban area of Schwäbisch Gmünd includes the core town , the Wetzgau residential area incorporated in 1938, the municipality of Bettringen (Ober- and Unterbettringen) incorporated in 1959 as well as the eight municipalities of Bargau , Degenfeld , Großdeinbach , Herlikofen , Lindach , Rechberg , Straßdorf , incorporated as part of the territorial reform of the 1970s and hamlets in the mountains with their districts and hamlets. The eleven areas Bargau, Degen field Bettringen, Großdeinbach, Hussenhofen , Herlikofen, Lindach, computing Berg, Rehnenhof-Wetzgau, Straßdorf and Weiler form places in the sense of Baden-Württemberg Gemeindeordnung with one selected by the inhabitants of the respective location Ortschaftsrat with a mayor to the top. There is a district office in each district.
The integrated communities include a large number of mostly spatially separated residential areas or districts. Most of them have a long history, so the district Zimmer was presumably mentioned in a document as early as 839. Others were created as new building areas and were later given their own name, but often have no fixed boundaries. In detail, the city is divided into:
| district | Coat of arms 1 | Incorporation | Area 2 | Residents 2 | further living spaces |
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| Bargau |
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01/01/1971 | 8.51 km 2 | 2,800 | Birkhof, Oberer Lauchhof and Schlössle |
| Bed rings |
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04/01/1959 | 10.86 km 2 | 10,000 | Hetzenbühl, Kellerhaus, Lindenhof, Talacker and Unterer Lauchhof |
| Degenfeld |
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01/01/1971 | 9.26 km 2 | 489 | Hornberg |
| Großdeinbach |
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03/01/1972 | 14.29 km 2 | 4,090 | Kleindeinbach, Hangendeinbach, Wustenriet, Waldau, Haselbach-Söldhaus, Radelstetten, Sachsenhof and Ziegerhof |
| Herlikofen |
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01/01/1969 | 5.35 km 2 | 3,300 | Gmünder Feld, former castle in the so-called Eckwald |
| Hussenhofen 3 |
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01/01/1969 | 7.09 km 2 | 2,600 | Zimmer , Birkhof, Hirschmühle and Burgholz |
| Lindach |
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07/01/1971 | 4.78 km 2 | 3,000 | Grünhalde and Lindach Castle |
| Rechberg |
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01/01/1975 | 7.08 km 2 | 1,325 | Bärenhöfle, Birkhäusle, Braunhäusle, Fuchshof, Häge, Heustaig, Hohenrechberg, Kleinishof, Kratzerhöfle, Krempelhaus, Ödengehren, Schlossberg, Schurrenhof, Starrenhof, Stollenhäusle, Stollenhof, Unterer Kleinishof and Ziegelhütte |
| Strassdorf |
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04/01/1972 | 13.67 km 2 | 3,610 | Hinterhochstett, Hokenschue, Hummelshalden, Metlangen, Reitprechts, Schirenhof, Schönbronn and Vorderhochstett |
| Hamlet in the mountains |
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01/01/1971 | 11.76 km 2 | 1,112 | Bilsenhof, Giengerhof, Herdtlinsweiler, Krieghof, Oberer Haldenhof, Ölmühle, Steinbacher Höfe and Unterer Haldenhof |
| Rehnenhof-Wetzgau | 04/01/1938 | 4,000 | no further living spaces |
Spatial planning
The East Württemberg region is the only region in Baden-Württemberg that does not have a regional center . Its functions are shared by the medium-sized centers in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Aalen , Ellwangen (Jagst) and Heidenheim an der Brenz . The central area Schwäbisch Gmünd includes the cities and communities in the west of the Ostalbkreis Bartholomä , Böbingen an der Rems , Durlangen , Eschach , Göggingen , Gschwend , Heubach , Heuchlingen , Iggingen , Leinzell , Lorch , Mögglingen , Mutlangen , Obergröningen , Ruppertshofen , Schechingen , Spraitbach , Täferrot and Waldstetten .
Division of space
According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of 2014.
history
History until the end of the Staufer period
The first traces of settlement go back to the 2nd century AD, when the Roman military pushed the imperial border across the Danube and around 150 AD began to build military camps to secure the nearby Limes . In the process, larger civilian settlements arose at these places, including the Schirenhof fort, which is located in what is now the Schwäbisch Gmünd city area . From 233 AD the Alemanni took the border fortifications. After the Roman troops withdrew behind the Danube around 260/270, the Germanic conquerors settled in the abandoned border areas.
It is extremely uncertain whether the name Gamundias , which in the 9th century a forged document of the monastery of Saint-Denis near Paris mentions for the name of Charlemagne , refers to Gmünd. There is no archaeological evidence of a cell built by Abbot Fulrad of Saint-Denis.
A formative period for Gmünd was the Staufer era in the 12th and 13th centuries. The first recorded mention of Gmünd as a town is dated to the year 1162 - earlier than in any other town in the Staufer family - which is why Gmünd calls itself the "oldest Staufer town". In a document from the Lorch monastery , citizens of Gmünd were first mentioned as cives (residents of a town) in 1162 . In a document from Friedrich Barbarossa the city is mentioned as burgum Gemunde . The term burgum was used for castles and fortified cities in the High Middle Ages. Gmünd must have been a fortified city with a wall and towers in 1188, which cannot be read from the document from 1162. In the imperial tax register of 1241 , Gmünd ranks 10th among 92 places in the empire with tax revenue of 152 silver marks . The Staufer stele on Johannisplatz , which was inaugurated in 2012 as part of the city's 850th anniversary celebrated with reference to the deed of 1162, is a reminder of the Staufer era .
Numerous monasteries arose in Schwäbisch Gmünd (see Monasteries in Schwäbisch Gmünd ), all of which were occupied by mendicant orders, so that the respective beggar districts had to be delimited.
History of the imperial city
With the extinction of the House of Staufer, Gmünd was raised to the status of an imperial city (often incorrectly: " Free imperial city " ) and thus gained imperial immediacy . This enabled them to acquire a small domain; In addition to the city proper, the official places Bettringen, Spraitbach, Iggingen and Bargau belonged to the "state territory". Each of these places of office was the seat of a bailiwick, which mostly administered other villages. During the plague epidemic in 1349, there was severe persecution of Jews in Schwäbisch Gmünd , during which most of the residents of Jewish faith were murdered. In 1343 the imperial city bought from Emperor Ludwig IV. The right not to be subject to any foreign jurisdiction, whereby Schwäbisch Gmünd initially only had the lower jurisdiction . In 1373 this right was confirmed by Emperor Charles IV . In 1433 Emperor Sigismund also granted blood jurisdiction and the guarantee that it could never be pledged. In addition, there was the right to determine dimensions and weights and to determine sales tax at one's own discretion. However, the city had never acquired its own right to mint.
A historical work that was probably created around 1400, the Gmünder Kaiserchronik , is apparently dedicated to the city. The work deals with the history of the emperors since Charlemagne. In 1449, in the battle of Waldstetten, the contingent of the cities of Gmünd and Hall was defeated by the army of Count Ulrich V of Württemberg . The allied Gmünder and Haller troops were on their way home from the Rechberg castle on the Eichhölzle near Waldstetten, which they had recently destroyed in revenge for the theft of a herd of cattle, when they were surprised by Württemberg troops who had rushed to the Rechbergers' help. Württemberg as the territorial supremacy in the Remstal claimed the escort and the forest to Aalen until the 16th century. In 1462, after decades of dispute, the guild masters also succeeded in being admitted to the city council as councilors , which meant that the guild constitution had also prevailed in Schwäbisch Gmünd . At the instigation of Emperor Friedrich III. The Swabian Federation was established in 1488 , which the imperial city of Schwäbisch Gmünd also joined. In 1495 Schwäbisch Gmünd became part of the Swabian Empire . After the Jews resident there were expelled from Schwäbisch Gmünd in 1501, Emperor Charles V granted the imperial city the "privilege" of not having to accept any more Jews in 1520. This settlement ban remained in place until mediatization in 1802/1803.
Gmünd's mayor Paul Goldstainer wrote the Gmünder Chronik in 1549/1550 . After the abolition of the guild constitutions by Emperor Charles V, the city council in Schwäbisch Gmünd was also reorganized between 1553 and 1556 in accordance with the requirements of the Imperial Councilor Heinrich Has (so-called Hasenrat , in which only the patricians were represented). In the imperial city of Schwäbisch Gmünd there were at least 69 cases of witch persecution between 1566 and 1684 . 51 of the witch trials ended fatally, two men from Schwäbisch Gmünd were tried in other places. The imperial city suffered severe visits during the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War , including a wave of plague that lasted from 1634 to 1637 and was spread by the marauding imperial troops after the battle of Nördlingen . After the Thirty Years' War the goldsmith's art flourished in Schwäbisch Gmünd . By the middle of the 18th century there were about 250 master goldsmiths in the city.
In 1746 the Bargau Bailiwick was abolished and the Bettringen Bailiwick was incorporated. The Spraitbach office included parts of the villages of Pfahlbronn , Vorder - and Hintersteinenberg , Zimmerbach, Durlangen, Mutlangen, Wetzgau and Groß- and Kleindeinbach. Weiler, Bargau, parts of Ober- and Unterböbingen, most of Lautern , Mögglingen and Dewangen belonged to the Bettringen office . Iggingen also included Herlikofen, Hussenhofen and half of Straßdorf. From 1535 to 1629 there was another Vogtei Mögglingen, to which Dewangen and Lautern also belonged; then Mögglingen and Lautern were beaten to bed rings and Dewangen came to Iggingen. In 1776 the imperial city built a drawing school, which later became the trade school . Dominikus Debler wrote an 18-volume chronicle of the city at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century.
Württemberg time
In 1802/03 the area of the imperial city of Schwäbisch Gmünd fell to Württemberg in the course of the territorial upheavals at the time of the coalition wars and briefly became a part of Neuwuerttemberg from 1803 to 1806 , in which the elector and later King Friedrich ruled with unlimited power. The mediatized imperial city became the seat of the upper office of Gmünd according to the new administrative structure in the Kingdom of Württemberg, which had existed since 1806 .
A school for the deaf was set up in Gmünd in 1807, a school for the blind in 1823 and a teachers' seminar in 1825 (forerunner of today's college of education ).
In 1861, with the opening of the Remstalbahn, it was connected to the Württemberg railway network .
In 1905 the city's population exceeded the threshold of 20,000 and Gmünd became a medium-sized town .
Nazi era
In 1934 the city again took on the old name Schwäbisch Gmünd , which it had abandoned in 1805 in favor of the official short form Gmünd .
During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , the new district of Schwäbisch Gmünd emerged from the old Oberamt Gmünd in 1938 . In 1935 Schwäbisch Gmünd became a city district within the meaning of the German municipal code, but remained within the Oberamt and then the district of Schwäbisch Gmünd.
At the beginning of the Nazi dictatorship , the first women concentration camp in Württemberg was set up in the former Gotteszell monastery in Herlikofer Straße in March 1933 , in which around 50 women were imprisoned until autumn, who were then transferred to other concentration camps . SA men devastated the synagogue of the Jewish community in 1936, two years before the November pogrom of 1938 ; In 1950 the building was demolished. A memorial plaque in the Kreissparkasse Katharinenstraße 2 reminds of the event. Around 25 Gmünders defined as Jews by the National Socialists fell victim to the Holocaust . In 2008, stumbling blocks were laid in memory of three of them at Alléestraße 4 and Marktplatz 26. In 2012, 14 more were added.
At least four Gmünd citizens - known by name are Hermann Koehler , Heinrich Probst, Gerhard Feuerle and Robert Haidner - were sentenced to death in the Second World War ; the judgments were carried out, but according to the National Socialist Injustice Repeal Act, they are to be regarded as a violation of the elementary idea of justice and are void.
post war period
On April 20, 1945, American troops occupied the city, which ended the Second World War in Schwäbisch Gmünd. The city fell into the American zone of occupation and thus belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden , which was merged into the present state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. Schwäbisch Gmünd became an immediate district town as early as 1945 and when the Baden-Württemberg municipal code came into force on April 1, 1956, it became a major district town by law .
Amid efforts by the Americans to establish democratic structures, a municipal council election was held on April 28, 1946. On July 1, 1946, the new municipal council appointed Franz Czisch , co-founder of the CDU, as the new mayor. As a so - called half - Jew, he was persecuted in Germany during the National Socialist era.
Almost two years later, on April 18, 1948, the citizens of Gmünd were called to the direct election of a new mayor. Here Czisch's challenger Franz Konrad won with a two-thirds majority. Franz Konrad had already been appointed mayor of Schwäbisch Gmünd under the National Socialists in 1934 and was a member of the NSDAP during the Nazi dictatorship . The night after the election, two shop windows of the Czisch confectionery were thrown in, and a Jewish star with the inscription “Nie Czisch” was painted on the market square . As a reaction to the election of Konrad and election night, the Americans set up a special examination committee (SPA), which came to the decision that Konrad was not allowed to accept the office of mayor. The statement of this resolution stated: "that election posters for Czisch were destroyed and damaged, that Jewish stars and anti-Semitic slogans were painted on the sidewalks of the city, that after the election, followers of Konrad exchanged Nazi greetings and sang the Horst-Wessel song The windows of the shop belonging to Czisch were smashed and his car was stolen [...] that during the election campaign, Czisch supporters were intimidated by people who sympathized with Konrad. "
In autumn 1948 the mayor was elected again, and the former chairman of the Center Party , Hermann Kah, was elected . After these events, arbitration proceedings were initiated against Franz Konrad, which, however, exonerated Konrad. On September 12, 1954, the citizens of Schwäbisch Gmünds elected Konrad again as mayor. However, Konrad had to give up the office two years later due to health issues.
After the Rehnenhof-Wetzgau district was incorporated in 1938, the urban area expanded considerably from 1969 to 1975 through further incorporations. During this period, which was characterized by land reforms , Schwäbisch Gmünd lost its status as a district town in the course of the district reform in Baden-Württemberg in 1973 and became the administrative seat of the East Württemberg region as a compensation . The city has been part of the Ostalbkreis since 1973 .
After the extensive urban redevelopment and the associated urban renewal in the course of the city anniversary in 2012 and the state horticultural show in 2014 , which became possible after the completion of the Gmünder Einhorn Tunnel , the city received the special prize of the Otto Borst Prize for urban renewal in 2016 . With a visitor record of around two million visitors, it is the best-attended state horticultural show in Baden-Württemberg. 1,361 volunteers took part in the show , including 60 asylum seekers from the local accommodation. They took on tasks on the site, including the admission controls.
History of the districts
Bargau was first mentioned in 1326 with the Veste Bargau , a castle south of Bargau on a ledge of the Scheuelberg. Via the lords of Rechberg and Rothenlöwen and the knights of Urbach as well as the rule of Weißenstein, the place came to the imperial city of Gmünd in 1544. This maintained a bailiwick in Bargau with its seat at the castle. In 1746 Bargau was assigned to the bailiwick of Bettringen. In 1802 it became part of Württemberg and in 1803 the newly founded Oberamt Gmünd.
Bettringen was first mentioned in a document in 1218. There was a local nobility there, the lords of bed rings. Also the monastery Lorch had possessions there. Since the 15th century the place belonged to the imperial city of Gmünd. At that time a distinction was made between the villages of Ober- and Unterbettringen. Gmünd made Oberbettringen an official place, the Vogtei resided there in the so-called tower, which was demolished in 1813. After the transition from Gmünd to Württemberg in 1802, Oberbettringen became an independent municipality within the Gmünd Oberamt, which also belonged to Unterbettringen as a district. In 1934 the local council decided to rename the community to Bettringen .
Degenfeld , located on the other side of the 630 m high Furtle Pass , was probably built before 1200 at the foot of a castle of the Counts of Degenfeld . It was first mentioned in a document in 1281. In 1625 Christoph Martin von Degenfeld became a baron and in 1716 (or as early as 1710) Christoph Martin II became a member of Emperor Charles VI. raised to the rank of imperial count. The Lords of Degenfeld ruled only half of the place, the other was under the rule of Rechberg; the border between the two domains ran along the Lauter . The area on the right bank of the still small brook belonged to the Degenfeldern, the left to the Rechbergers. Due to disputes, Christoph von Degenfeld sold his half to Duke Friedrich von Württemberg in 1597 , who assigned the place to the monastery and reformed it. Between 1791 and 1806 the Rechberg part of Degenfeld was administered together with Württemberg before the place belonged entirely to Württemberg in 1806 and in 1809 became a municipality in the Württemberg Oberamt Gmünd.
Großdeinbach was mentioned in documents as Tainbuch or Tainbuoch in1271 and 1275. Over time, the settlements of Kleindeinbach, Hangendeinbach, Wustenriet, Radelstetten, Waldau and Haselbach-Söldhaus emerged; they mainly belonged to the Lorch monastery and were administered by its monastery superior. But the imperial city of Gmünd and the Lords of Rechberg also owned goods there. In 1803 the place came to Württemberg and in 1807 to the Oberamt Welzheim. In 1810 the community Großdeinbach was formed in the Oberamt Gmünd, to which the places Groß-, Klein- and Hangendeinbach, Wustenriet, Waldau, Haselbach-Söldhaus, Pfersbach, Lenglingen, Radelstetten, Schnellhöfle, Beutenhof, Sachsenhof, Ziegerhof and Wetzgau belonged. Wetzgau was transferred to Schwäbisch Gmünd in 1938. With the most recent territorial reform, Pfersbach came to the neighboring municipality of Mutlangen, Lenglingen to the city of Göppingen and Schnellhöfe with Beutenhof to the city of Lorch.
Herlikofen was first mentioned in 1225 as Herlekoven . To the west of the village, near today's residential area In der Eck , stood the Hohenstaufen castle Herlikofen , of which only remains of ramparts and moats have survived. The place belonged to the imperial city of Gmünd and was subordinate to the Vogtei Iggingen. In 1802 the place came to Württemberg and initially stayed with Iggingen. 1820 Herlikofen involving Hussenhofen was elevated to a municipality within the Oberamts Gmund, in 1938 the living space rooms of the community Oberböbingen was incorporated. After the incorporation into the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd, Hussenhofen and rooms were separated.
Hussenhofen , which also includes rooms and Hirschmühle, was part of the Herlikofen community until 1969; With the incorporation into Schwäbisch Gmünd it became a separate district. Hussenhofen was first mentioned as Huzzenhovin around 1250, when a citizen of Gmünd sold his property to the Gotteszell monastery. The place soon belonged to the imperial city and with this came to Württemberg in 1802. With the mother town of Herlikofen, it initially belonged to the mayor's office in Iggingen and around 1820 became part of the independent municipality of Herlikofen within the Gmünd District Office. Zimmer was first mentioned in a document in 839 and belonged to the neighboring municipality of Oberböbingen until 1938.
Lindach was first mentioned in 1328. Parts of the place were under Württemberg rule early on. The Lords of Rechberg sold their territorial claims to the Limpurg taverns . Thereafter the rulership changed several times, but Württemberg was always involved as a liege lord. The Reformation was introduced with the support of Württemberg. From 1751 Lindach belonged to the Württemberg Chamber of Commerce and was attached to the Heubach office. After its dissolution it came to the Oberamt Gmünd.
Rechberg was first mentioned in 1179. In the course of time, the Lords of Rechberg were able to acquire a small domain, but the family gradually split into several lines. In the 15th century, the Hohenrechberg dominion comprised the five offices of Hohenrechberg, Eislingen, Eschach, Wengen and Heuchlingen. Their attempt to achieve imperial immediacy failed, but the Lords of Rechberg were elevated to the rank of count in 1607. In 1802 their area came to Württemberg. The main town Rechberg together with some associated small hamlets became a municipality in the Oberamt Gmünd in 1808.
Straßdorf wasfirst mentionedin 1269 as Strasdorf . The place belonged to the Lords of Rechberg, but the imperial city of Gmünd also acquired parts of the place, which is why he had a Rechberg and a Gmünder mayor until 1803. Then the Gmünd part fell to Württemberg, the Rechberg part followed in 1806; In 1809 both parts were assigned to the Gmünd Oberamt as the community of Straßdorf. As in the main town of Rechberg and the imperial city of Gmünd, the hamlets that are now part of Straßdorf shared ownership.
Hamlet in the mountains wasfirst mentionedin 1345 as Wiler . A later name was In the Greater Hamlet . Like Straßdorf, the place belonged partly to Rechberg and partly to the imperial city of Gmünd. In 1587 the Rechbergers sold their part to the imperial city, which from then on had sole rule. The place belonged to the Bettringen office and came to Württemberg in 1802 with Gmünd. Initially administered from Bettringen, it was renamed Weiler in den Bergen in1807, which in 1819 became a municipality within the Gmünd District Office.
Development of the population
The population figures according to the respective area are census results, estimates or official updates of the respective statistical offices (only main residences ).
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¹ Census results ² State statistical office Baden-Württemberg
Religions
history
For centuries, Schwäbisch Gmünd was a strictly Catholic city and was therefore often called "Schwäbisch Nazareth" outside the city limits.
The population of Schwäbisch Gmünd originally belonged to the diocese of Augsburg and was subordinate to the Lorch regional chapter. Initially a branch of Lorch, the benefice in Gmünd was sold to the cathedral chapter of Augsburg in 1297 and bought back by the council in 1544. The parish of Our Lady, later also Heilig Kreuz, today's Münster parish Heilig Kreuz , became the center of the new dean's office in Gmünd, which after the Reformation included all parishes of the former dean's office in Lorch and was located within the archdeaconate of Ries. Under Andreas Althamer , the Reformation was also to be introduced in Gmünd, as in large parts of the Gmünd area, from 1524 , but this failed due to the resistance of the Gmünder Council. In 1761, the Gmünd clergy broke away from the deanery and formed a collegiate foundation , which was dissolved by Württemberg in 1803. The Collegiate Church of Our Lady had several chaplains in the city. In addition to the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster, there were other churches and chapels, including the St. John's Church on the market square, which belongs to the Münster parish, and the St. Leonhard's Church from 1341, which was changed several times in the cemetery . After the secularization, some chapels were demolished, for example the St. Vitus Chapel in 1803, the St. Nicholas Chapel in 1807 and the St. Michaels Chapel from 1504. The same thing happened in 1811 for the St. Margaret Chapel. Chapel, in 1827 the St. Joos or Georg chapel, 1834 the St. Theobalds chapel and 1841 the hospital church . There are still many chapels in the city today, including the former Infirmary Chapel of St. Katharina and the St. Joseph's Chapel . In 1908 a second Catholic parish was founded, which took over the former Franciscan monastery church of St. Ludwig - today's parish church of St. Franziskus . In addition to the old Catholic parishes, other churches and parishes were built in Schwäbisch Gmünd after 1945, such as the parish of St. Peter and Paulus in the Hardt settlement in 1962 (church from 1958), in 1970 the parish of St. Michael (church from 1968) and in 1967 the Pastoral care center St. Pius.
During the Reformation, citizens of Schwäbisch Gmünd also joined the Reformation Anabaptists . Their preacher was Martin Zehentmayer . In February 1528 Zehentmayer was arrested along with 40 Anabaptists; seven of them were executed on December 7, 1529 at Remswasen. Even today, two hymns in the Anabaptist hymn book evoke these events. The Mennonite Martyrs' Mirror and the history book of the Hutterite Brothers also report on the events in Schwäbisch Gmünd. In December 2009, a plaque with the names of the seven tortured and executed Anabaptists was unveiled at the smith's tower in the presence of representatives from the two major churches and the Mennonites. In December 2008, during excavations for the construction of the tunnel for the federal highway 29 skeletal remains of over 15 people were found. Assumptions that were initially made, including the seven Anabaptists who were killed, have not been substantiated because the bones showed no signs of beheading.
Protestants only reappeared after the transition to Württemberg in 1802. In 1806 the former Augustinian church became a Protestant garrison church . In 1817 it became the first Protestant parish church in Gmünd, and in 1951 it became the seat of a deanery within the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . (See Schwäbisch Gmünd church district ). After the Second World War, the Martin Luther Church in Rehnenhof was built in 1951, and the Peace Church in 1961. Another parish was founded later in the Weststadt.
Jewish residents were first mentioned in 1241/1242. The Jewish community ended in pogroms during the plague in the 14th century . In 1412 Jews were mentioned again in the city, in 1501 they were expelled from the city. A Jewish community consisting of two families in 1861 grew to 97 people by 1890 and consisted of 90 people in 1933. She buried her deceased in the Oberdorf cemetery near Bopfingen. The Gmünder Synagogue, opened in 1926, was first devastated in 1934, but renovated and used as a place of worship until the November pogroms in 1938 were devastated again . Due to the anti-Semitic Nazi repression and persecution, the community only consisted of 22 people in 1939. In 2016, remnants of a former Jewish prayer room were discovered in the existing buildings in the formerly Jewish district of Imhof . It is already known that the house was used by the Jewish community at least since the 15th century.
In 2015, a memorial in memory of the synagogue on the opposite side of the Josefsbach was presented to the public.
Monasteries
Schwäbisch Gmünd was known as a city of monasteries. The Franciscans settled in Gmünd as early as the middle of the 13th century and founded the Franciscan monastery in the eastern old town. A little later, the Augustinian Hermit Monastery was built in 1284 and the Dominican monastery in Gmünd in 1294 . From the Seelhaus donated in 1445, the Franciscan-Tertian convent developed into Saint Ludwig . The Capuchin monastery St. Ulrich was settled in Schwäbisch Gmünd in 1644 because the Capuchins took over pastoral care on St. Salvator . Outside the city walls, the Dominican convent in Gotteszell was built around 1240 , which was initially assigned to the Esslingen and from 1294 to the Gmünd Dominicans.
The numerous monasteries were dissolved between 1802 and 1810 through the transition to Württemberg. The monastery buildings were partially secularized. The Dominican Church was used as a stable, and Gotteszell was used as a prison after renovation. The Franciscan Church, on the other hand, continued to be used as a church and was elevated to the parish church of St. Francis in 1908 . The Augustinian Church became a Protestant parish church. In 1858 the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of Saint Vincent de Paul was established in the city, which moved to Untermarchtal on September 16, 1891 . The Untermarchtal Castle became the motherhouse complex of the Untermarchtal Monastery . The sisters still maintain some facilities in Schwäbisch Gmünd.
With the Franciscan Sisters of Eternal Adoration , founded in 1931, Schwäbisch Gmünd again has its own women's order, which built a new monastery in the city from 1997 to 2000.
Pilgrimage sites
Today there are three pilgrimage sites in the urban area of Schwäbisch Gmünd. On the edge of the old town stands the pilgrimage church of St. Salvator on the Nepperberg , on the Kaiserberg Rechberg the pilgrimage church of St. Maria , which was also the pilgrimage site of the Counts of Rechberg and was built by them. A way of the cross leads to both pilgrimage sites. The Betttringer Ottilienkirche is also a pilgrimage destination, but less important.
Just across the border to the neighboring community of Lauterstein , near Weiler in the mountains, is the St. Bernhardus pilgrimage chapel on the mountain of the same name , which is mainly visited by Gmündern.
Todays situation
The Catholic parishes Heilig Kreuz, St. Michael, St. Franziskus with pastoral care St. Pius and St. Petrus and Paulus as well as the native-speaking Italian, Croatian and Polish parishes now form the pastoral care unit 17 Schwäbisch Gmünd-Mitte within the new deanery Ostalb . This consists of the old deans of Aalen, Ellwangen, Neresheim and Schwäbisch Gmünd and has belonged to the new Rottenburg diocese (today Rottenburg-Stuttgart ) since 1821 . From June 2005 to 2016, the Johanniskirche on the market square housed the Gmünder Jugendkirche , today it has its place of worship in the Resurrection Christ Church . At first it was a joint offer from the Catholic and Protestant sides and one of the first ecumenical youth churches , now it is denominationally Catholic.
Most of Schwäbisch Gmünd's districts also remained Catholic after the Reformation, because at that time they either belonged to the imperial city of Gmünd or to the Rechberg rule, which also rejected the Reformation. So there are Catholic parishes and churches there. Today they are combined to form various pastoral care units, some of which also include communities outside the urban area of Schwäbisch Gmünd. All parishes and pastoral care units belong to the deanery district Schwäbisch Gmünd in the deanery Ostalb of the diocese Rottenburg-Stuttgart.
The parishes in the south of the urban area of St. Maria Hohenrechberg and St. Cyriakus Straßdorf belong with St. Laurentius Waldstetten and St. Johannes Baptist Wißgoldingen to pastoral care unit 18 Unterm Hohenrechberg . The pastoral care unit 19 Unterm Bernhardus includes the parishes of St. Jakobus Bargau , St. Cyriakus Bettringen and St. Michael Weiler in the mountains with a subsidiary of Mariä Namen Degenfeld and, besides Schwäbisch Gmünd-Mitte, is the only pastoral care unit located exclusively on Gmünder Boden. The parishes east of the urban area of St. Albanus Herlikofen and St. Leonhard Hussenhofen have joined forces with St. Martinus Iggingen to form the pastoral care unit 21 Am Limes . The pastoral care unit 24 Limeshöhe extends over St. Georg Mutlangen (with Heilig-Geist-Kirche Lindach), St. Maria Wetzgau-Rehnenhof (with the churches of St. Coloman in Wetzgau and Maria Königin in Rehnenhof), Christ King Großdeinbach.
The four Protestant parishes (Augustinus, Friedenskirche, Martin-Luther and Weststadt) together with the Johannesgemeinde Hussenhofen, established in 1969, form the entire Evangelical Parish of Schwäbisch Gmünd. The districts of Degenfeld, Großdeinbach and Lindach took part in the Reformation, each of them has a Protestant parish and church. The municipality of Degenfeld also includes Unterbettringen, with its own church from 1967, and a hamlet in the mountains. The parish of Großdeinbach was only established in 1897 and was previously a branch of Lorch. The Protestant residents from Bargau are looked after by the neighboring community of Heubach, while those from Rechberg and Straßdorf are looked after by Waldstetten. All the evangelical parishes mentioned in the Gmünd city area belong to the Schwäbisch Gmünd church district. There are also old Pietist communities in Schwäbisch Gmünd . The Old Pietist Community Association maintains its Schönblick conference and recreation center in the Rehnenhof district . In the meantime there is also an evangelical congregation (“community congregation”).
In addition to those of the two large churches, there are also free-church communities in Schwäbisch Gmünd , including the Methodist Church , the Evangelical Christians , the New Apostolic Church and the Jehovah's Witnesses . In the districts there are z. B. also Baptists .
Many Muslims have come to Schwäbisch Gmünd as immigrants in the last few decades since the first guest workers arrived. Today there are three Muslim communities with mosques in Schwäbisch Gmünd . The largest of the Gmünder mosques was built between 2011 and 2014. In addition to the prayer facilities for around a thousand believers, it includes a community center and is currently the largest mosque in the Rems Valley .
politics
Municipal council
The municipal council of Schwäbisch Gmünd consists of 52 councilors who are elected for a term of 5 years. The last local election took place on May 26, 2019. In addition, the city has had a youth council since 2001 . In the current line-up (as of 2019), the youth council consists of 27 members, of which 18 members were elected by free choice, a further 9 members were sent to the body by various institutions.
The distribution of seats in the municipal council is as follows:
| Parties constituencies |
% 2019 |
Seats 2019 |
% 2014 |
Seats 2014 |
% 2009 |
Seats 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDU | 36.7 | 19th | 45.6 | 22nd | 41.3 | 23 |
| GREEN | 21.2 | 11 | 14.9 | 7th | 13.8 | 7th |
| SPD | 14.4 | 7th | 20.4 | 10 | 25.3 | 14th |
| THE LEFT | 9.6 | 5 | 5.9 | 3 | 3.6 | 2 |
| Citizen List | 7.0 | 4th | - | - | - | - |
| Free Voters Women (FWF) | 8.0 | 4th | 6.1 | 3 | 6.0 | 3 |
| FDP / FW | 3.1 | 2 | 7.2 | 3 | 10.1 | 5 |
| total | 100 | 52 | 100 | 49 | 100 | 54 |
| voter turnout | 51.3% | 41.2% | 44.2% | |||
Mayor
During the imperial city period , the city's mayors were from the guilds . After Charles V's reforms , the city leaders were mayors for life from 1551 to 1802 . At this time, three mayors shared the head of the city and took turns in office every four months. After Schwäbisch Gmünd became part of Württemberg , the Württemberg city constitution was introduced in 1802, whereby a mayor was at the head of the city at the beginning of the period. From 1819 the office was transformed into the "Stadtschultheiß". Since the middle of the 19th century, these officials were usually appointed Lord Mayor by the King of Württemberg . After the end of the monarchy , the title of Lord Mayor was customary for the mayor .
The mayor of the city is directly elected by the citizens entitled to vote for a term of office of 8 years. Together with the local councils, it forms the local council , which determines local politics. The local councils decide instead of the citizens as their representatives. As head of the city, the mayor is the representative and legal representative of the city, chairman of the municipal council and head of the city administration. He is represented by the first alderman with the official title of “First Mayor” and another alderman with the official title of “Mayor”.
Richard Arnold ( CDU ) is currently the acting Lord Mayor. In 2009 he replaced his predecessor Wolfgang Leidig ( SPD ) in office. Arnold was re-elected in May 2017.
Administrative community
Schwäbisch Gmünd has agreed an administrative partnership with the neighboring community of Waldstetten .
Constituencies
The city belongs to the Bundestag constituency 269 Backnang - Schwäbisch Gmünd , which extends mainly over the old districts Schwäbisch Gmünd and Backnang . The direct mandate has since its establishment as a constituency 175 Schwabisch Gmund - Backnang won through from the CDU 1965th Today Norbert Barthle (CDU) and Christian Lange (SPD) sit for this constituency in the German Bundestag .
For the election to the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg , Schwäbisch Gmünd belongs to the state constituency of the same name 25 . The direct mandate of this constituency also went to the CDU from 1976 onwards. Stefan Scheffold (CDU) has been a member of the state parliament for this constituency since 1996 .
badges and flags
| Banner, coat of arms and flag | |
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Blazon : "In red, an upright silver unicorn ." The city flag is white and red. The unicorn is documented on a city seal as early as the 13th century .
Town twinning
Schwäbisch Gmünd maintains city partnerships with the following cities:
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Barnsley (United Kingdom), since 1971 -
Antibes (France), since 1976 -
Bethlehem, PA (United States), since 1991 -
Székesfehérvár (Hungary), since 1991 -
Faenza (Italy), since 2001
Sponsorship
On July 30, 1953, the city took over the sponsorship of the expelled Sudeten Germans from the city of Brno by a unanimous decision of the municipal council . On May 27, 1950, the Brünner Heimatverband Bruna was founded in Schwäbisch Gmünd . The proportion of displaced persons in Schwäbisch Gmünd at that time was 30.8 percent. After taking over the sponsorship, the city made the Brno parlor , a former gatehouse on the Waldstetter bridge, a space available for the association's activities. In 1954 the Brno Museum of Local History was founded, which has been housed in a room in the Preacher since 1973 . It documents the history of the city of Brno in a permanent exhibition in the form of documents, costumes, views, paintings, drawings and works by Brno artists. An archive and a specialist library are attached to the local history museum.
In 2010, the Brno Parlor and Brno Museum of Local History were integrated into the City Museum. In the course of the redesign of the permanent exhibitions, the concept of the Brno parlor was redesigned.
In the trench area, a wayside shrine commemorates the Black Madonna of Brno .
To all East German expellees remember on the Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof the Ostlandkreuz and a memorial stone with the emblem of the country teams.
Culture and sights
Schwäbisch Gmünd has a well-preserved old town with a lot of historical buildings. In addition to the secular buildings, the church and monastery buildings also shape the image of the old town.
theatre
In addition to guest appearances at various national and international theater stages in the Congress Center Stadtgarten and in the Prediger cultural center, as well as occasionally in public spaces in the historic old town, there are several small stages and theater groups, including the Schwäbisch Gmünd Theater Workshop in the Spital, which is maintained by the association of the same name .
The International Shadow Theater Festival takes place in Schwäbisch Gmünd every three years . The festival, organized by the city administration and the Schwäbisch Gmünd-based International Shadow Theater Center , also serves as an opportunity for the artists gathered there to exchange ideas about new developments. Open workshops are also held as part of the supporting program.
music
Schwäbisch Gmünd has a rich musical life with many choirs and music associations in the suburbs. There is also a semi-professional orchestra, the Philharmonie Schwäbisch Gmünd , which rehearses and performs orchestral works from the baroque to the 20th century two to three times a year. The Motettenchor Schwabisch Gmund , the Philharmonic Choir Schwabisch Gmund and the collegium vocale schwäbisch gmünd regularly large choral works and take in alternate years at the festival European Church Music in the city part. Fourteen of the musical associations that still exist today founded the Schwäbisch Gmünd City Association for Music and Singing , which in addition to lobbying also organizes concerts and other performances.
Urban music education for young people goes back to the 18th century. According to a resolution of 1745, the city cantor and master's degree should "instruct the poor boys in music for free", "teach them to sing and teach". In 1780 a "singing and violin school", the Gmünder Musikschule, was founded at which boys and girls were taught and which is currently located in the lard pit at the Franziskaner .
In the field of youth culture, major high school graduation party events lasting several days have been established since 2003. The punk-oriented youth has their meeting place in Esperanza . Mainstream lovers meet at United or at Club Schlachthof Schwäbisch Gmünd , although live music events are rather rare there. In the field of electronic dance music, there has always been a wave of emigration to Stuttgart at the weekend, although there are also music producers of this genre in Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Museums
The Museum im Prediger was founded in 1876 as a museum of arts and crafts and has been housed in the former Dominican monastery, now the Prediger cultural center on Johannisplatz , since 1973 . It is one of the oldest museums in southwest Germany and shows permanent exhibitions of the city's arts and crafts, large parts of the well-known Gmünder Munster treasure and a section on the city's history as well as changing exhibitions. The Prediger gallery has also been housed in the Prediger since 1994 with changing exhibitions.
Another museum in the city center is the silver goods museum Ott-Pausersche Fabrik in Milchgässle 10. The former silver goods factory houses a silver goods and jewelry museum, which provides information about a formerly large branch of industry in Schwäbisch Gmünd, which is still located in the city today. A special feature of the museum is that large parts of the original inventory have been preserved.
The Schwäbisch Gmünd Panorama Museum has been located in the Grät at Marktplatz 7 since 2016 , in which the Staufersaga panorama and large-format paintings on the history of the town by Hans Kloss are on display.
The Schwäbisch Gmünder School Museum is located in the Klösterle at Münsterplatz 15 .
Roman fort
The excavations of the Schirenhof Fort in Weststadt, which General Eduard von Kallee recognized as a Roman fort for the defense of the Rhaetian Limes , were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005 . About 100 meters west of the fort, directly above the steep drop of a slope edge, there is a fort bath with elaborate hypocaust underfloor heating . There were also three other small fort on Gmünder Boden. The small fort Freimühle , also in the Weststadt on the Remsbahn , also had a fort bath and was on the border of the Roman provinces Germania superior (Upper Germany) and Raetia ( Raetia ). The small fort Kleindeinbach was in the district of the same name, the small fort Hintere Orthalde in the Schiessal valley at Plant 2 of Robert Bosch Automotive Steering (formerly ZF-Lenksysteme).
Churches and monasteries
One of Schwäbisch Gmünd's landmarks is the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster , which was designed in the 14th century by Heinrich Parler from the famous Parler family of architects in the Gothic style. The largest hall church in southern Germany shapes the cityscape, among other things because of its size. The Münster, which was also a collegiate church until 1803, includes many other buildings on Münsterplatz , such as the baroque Münsterbauhütte , the Münster parsonage or the Rococo chapter house . In addition to the churches and the Marian column from 1693, the cathedral's bell tower also attracts special attention on Münsterplatz . After the towers of the minster collapsed in 1497, a Romanesque house was converted into a bell tower. Also on Münsterplatz is the former Augustinian monastery , which houses the Schwäbisch Gmünd tax office with the Palais Debler , a large patrician house. The Augustinian Church , which has been redesigned in baroque style, serves as the Protestant parish church.
Another popular photo motif and landmark of the city is the Romanesque St. John's Church, first mentioned in 1225, with its Romanesque bell tower, one of the first representatives of this type of construction. Small construction errors occurred during construction, which is why the tower is inclined by one meter. After the founding legend, Agnes von Waiblingen donated the church as a token of thanks for the rediscovered wedding ring. In the neighborhood of the Johanniskirche is the Prediger , a former Dominican monastery that serves as a cultural center. The former Franciscan monastery is used as a Catholic administrative and community center. The associated monastery church, today's Catholic parish church of St. Franziskus , is known for its carpenter high altar and tub maker frescos. Wannenmacher also painted the St. Katharinen Chapel of the former infirmary, which essentially dates from the 14th century, and designed the facade of the Mohrenapotheke on Marktplatz.
The pilgrimage complex St. Salvator am Nepperstein is located above the old town . It consists of the Way of the Cross, chapels and church and was built from 1616.
The former Gotteszell Monastery just outside the old town has been used as a penal institution since secularization and now houses a women's prison. The monastery church of the Annunciation is in use as an institutional church and is therefore hardly accessible to the public.
Other church buildings and chapels are the St. Leonhards Church on the Leonhards cemetery mentioned in 1345 , which has been changed several times, the Herrgottsruhkapelle from 1622, which was expanded in 1791, the Josephskapelle , a replica of the Herrgottsruhkapelle built in 1677/1678 and that of the Trinity chapel donated by the Debler patrician family . Newer churches are St. Peter and Paul in the Hardt-Siedlung (built in 1958), the Church of St. Michael (built in 1968) and the Church of St. Pius from 1967 and the Evangelical Church of Peace from 1961.
Parlerbau Gmünder Münster
Hall choir in Gmünder Münster
Late Romanesque St. John's Church
St. Francis
Pilgrimage Church of St. Salvator
Other structures
In addition to the church buildings, many secular buildings also shape the old town. The historical market square is of particular interest . One of the oldest houses on the market square is the Grät . This large half-timbered house has already served as a town hall, mayor's seat and a department store. The New Town Hall from 1760 was a patrician house, which was converted into a town hall by the city architect Johann Michael Keller from 1783 to 1785 . At the other end of the market square is the former Hospital of the Holy Spirit with its large medieval office building, which today serves as the city library. In addition to the offices, a senior citizens' home is still housed in the hospital, which also uses the medieval hospital mill in the inner courtyard of the hospital. Also on the market square is the Marienbrunnen with the double statue of the Madonna in a halo from 1686. The fountain trough from 1776 shows ten coats of arms of Gmünder patrician families. Another outstanding half-timbered house next to the Grät and the Amtshaus in the Spital is the Kornhaus , on Kornhausplatz, which was built in 1507 as a fruit cupboard for the imperial city, and the Rechbergsche Scheuer in the east of the old town. One of the last surviving Renaissance buildings in the city is the oath and magistrate's house in the vicinity of the former Franciscan monastery , which today serves as a music school. The Fuggerei has its roots in the Middle Ages, but was largely rebuilt after a fire in 1985.
Parts of the city fortifications have also been preserved. With a few exceptions, the inner and outer city walls themselves were torn down, but six of the former 23 towers of the outer city wall are still there, such as the King's Tower in the south of the city, it is accessible on certain days, the five-button tower in the west, it was up In 2003 still inhabited, the digestion tower in the north, it is used by the scouts. The remaining three towers are located in the east of the old town: the smith tower , which is also accessible, the water tower used by the student youth, and the Rinderbachertorturm .
The building of the Forum Gold und Silber , which was completed in 2014, has become a new landmark in the city as the "Swiss slate cheese".
Schwäbisch Gmünd took part in the “16 stations”, the architectural project of the Remstal Garden Show 2019 , with the three-story
“Lindenturm”, a lookout tower on the ridge of the linden tree, which was built around an old linden tree.
Bones
Kornhaus
Former office building in the Hospital of the Holy Spirit
Forge tower
Forum Gold & Silver
Linden tower
Parks
In addition to several smaller green areas, Schwäbisch Gmünd has two larger ones. The city garden is a park on the northwestern edge of the old town, which was built in 1780 as a pleasure garden with the rococo palace by a noble von Pfeilhalden and has belonged to the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd since 1898. The Congress Center Stadtgarten Schwäbisch Gmünd (CCS) is also located in the Stadtgarten. The second larger green area is Grabenallee . It stretches along the Josefsbach, which is created as a ditch there. With the hosting of the State Garden Show 2014, which took place directly in the city, the green spaces were extensively redesigned and expanded. There were also major urban changes.
The urban plants in the city center, around 160 plant pots , have been watered by a horse- drawn cart with a water tank since 1992 .
sport and freetime
Sports facilities
The city of Schwäbisch Gmünd and clubs maintain various sports fields and sports halls in the city. On the western edge of the city center is a sports center, consisting of an indoor swimming pool , a large sports hall , as well as grass and artificial turf pitches and athletics facilities .
The large open-air swimming pool with a lake is located in the Schiessal valley, which was called the Gmünder open-air swimming pool until 2011 or colloquially known as the Schiess valley bath . Since in 1951 Bud Spencer, under his real name Carlo Pedersoli, took part in an international swimming competition in this outdoor pool and won the hundred-meter course, the local council decided to name the pool after Bud Spencer. Another outdoor pool is located in the Bettringen district .
The tennis facility of TV Schwäbisch Gmünd with 14 clay courts is right next to the Bud-Spencer-Bad .
Also in the city is a glider flying site on the Hornberg , which is operated by the Schwäbisch Gmünd e. V. is used.
In the Degenfeld district there are sports facilities for the local ski jumping club , which also serve as a base for the Swabian Ski Association , as well as several ski lifts.
The tectomove-Arena (Jahnstadion) in the Weststadt
Ski jump in Degenfeld
Waldstadion in Rehnenhof
Glider airfield on the Hornberg
societies
The first men's team of the soccer club 1. FC Normannia Gmünd , founded in 1904, plays in the sixth class Oberliga Baden-Württemberg , to which it rose again in the 2017/2018 season after relegation in 2012. Before that, she started in the fifth-class Oberliga Baden-Württemberg in 2004 . The bike ball department has won several German championships.
Handball is also very popular in Schwäbisch Gmünd. The local hero is TSB Schwäbisch Gmünd , whose first team has played in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg since the 2014/15 season.
The TV Wetzgau was German champion in 2013 in artistic gymnastics .
The female volleyball team of the DJK Schwäbisch Gmünd is represented as a former regional division in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg, the women of the table tennis department played in the Bundesliga in the 1970s.
The Staufen athletics community was founded in 1970. At that time, the athletics departments of the TG Schwäbisch Gmünd and the TS Göppingen merged in order to be able to compete with the major athletics clubs across the region. The LG Staufen is now supported by the following eight clubs: TSB Schwäbisch Gmünd, Heidenheimer Sportbund, SG Bettringen, TV and FC Bargau, TV Bopfingen, TV Mögglingen and TSV Lorch.
Another popular sport in Schwäbisch Gmünd is tennis . The TV Schwäbisch Gmünd is the local hero here, whose first men's and women's teams play in the fifth-class league and their men's 55 team in the fourth-class Württembergliga.
The Schwäbisch Gmünd local group, which was founded in 1889, is one of the oldest local groups in the Swabian Alb Association . The Gmünder Geschichtsverein is dedicated to researching the history of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd and its region and published the continuation of the Gmünder Heimatblätter until 1992 . In terms of population, the Gmünder Kunstverein is one of the largest art associations in Baden-Württemberg. The Münsterbauverein Schwäbisch Gmünd tries to preserve the Gmünder Münster , but also its branch churches, such as the Johanniskirche .
Regular events
In addition to the usual events such as the Maimarkt with shopkeeper market in the city center and amusement park on Schiessalplatz, the town festival in June, the Kirchweihmarkt - also with shopkeeper market in the city center and amusement park on Schiessalplatz - and the Christmas market in December, Schwäbisch Gmünd is the venue for many regional, but also international events.
The Gmender Fasnet is an integral part of the Gmünd event calendar. In addition to the many other events of the Gmender Fasnet, the carnival parade on Shrove Tuesday is very attractive. The carnival parade, consisting of motif floats and traditional carnival groups , has between 60,000 and 70,000 visitors annually.
Since 2003, the Gmünder Horse Day has been held on a Sunday in spring on the Marktplatz and Münsterplatz .
Since 1988 there has also been the recurring International Shadow Theater Festival . It attracts several thousand guests and has developed into the most important festival of its kind in Germany.
The International Children's Cinema Festival (KiKiFe) has been held every March since 1994 , with selected productions of national and international children's and youth films, supplemented by workshops and information events.
Every year at the end of October, the music event series takes place in Gmünder Kneipen . Around 40 bands of different styles of music perform in the pubs in one evening.
In addition to cultural events, Schwäbisch Gmünd also has sporting events in its event calendar. The most prominent representative is the Albmarathon . In autumn, Gmünd is the start and finish of the 50-kilometer run.
In the district Hussenhofen the place in September Sträublesfest instead.
Peer festivals
A regional peculiarity are the annual festivals that have been taking place since 1863, the tradition of the gathering of the age groups in the age group (AGV) , which occurs worldwide only in Gmünd and the surrounding area , the zeros . They start on the second Saturday in June, together with the city festival , with the 40s festival , followed by the 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s on Saturdays one week later. First, the beginning of the parade is announced with three loud cannon shots from the linden ridge. Then the participants of the corresponding year, the men in tails and the women in individual elegance, with great sympathy of the population through the city center. The climax of the street takes place on the market square in front of the Johanniskirche: The top window of the church tower opens and three trumpet players blow the song of Alois . All the locals present sing along. "Grüß de Gott, Alois" and "Zahl a Maß, Alois" and " Lick mi am Arsch, Alois "; it is a reference to the thrifty or the rebellious in Swabia. In the last stanza, the AGVers turn around and show Alois the reverse. Very few contemporaries' associations are registered , but they have their own umbrella organization. The class club of the 80s dissolves in the year of its last move.
In 2018, the contemporaries' festivals in Schwäbisch Gmünd were added to the list of intangible UNESCO cultural heritage in Germany .
European Church Music Festival
Schwäbisch Gmünd made a name for itself in the international church music scene with the European Church Music Festival . It has been held annually in July and August since 1989. With over 15,000 visitors per season, the festival has an attraction far beyond southern Germany. The program includes a musical repertoire from the Middle Ages to the present. In addition to international ensembles, young talents will be performing. There are also competitions for the composition of sacred music and organ improvisation, commissioned compositions and world premieres. The city of Schwäbisch Gmünd has been awarding the European Church Music Prize to high-ranking composers and performers at the festival every year since 1999 .
International Guggenreffen
The International Guggenreffen has been held in February every year since 1983 . It is considered the largest Guggenmusik meeting in the world and has between 60,000 and 100,000 visitors annually. Guggenmusik groups with a total of between 800 and 1,000 musicians from Germany , Austria , Liechtenstein , Great Britain and Switzerland meet over a weekend and roam the city to present their skills. The event has several official parts. The big monster concert begins on Saturday evening , with each group performing a series of pieces on the stages on Marktplatz , Johannisplatz and Münsterplatz . The event ends on Sunday with a morning pint in the Gmünder Großsporthalle.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Transportation
Local public transport in the city is provided by eleven city bus routes of the Stadtbus Gmünd with around 6 million passengers per year and eleven regional bus routes of the transport association FahrBus Gmünd , a group of six bus companies, with around 1.5 million passengers per year, as well as some routes of the regional bus Stuttgart . The public transport of Schwäbisch Gmünd is within the scope of the tariff cooperation " OstalbMobil ", which applies not only to bus transport but also to regional rail transport. The central bus station (ZOB) at Gmünder Bahnhof is the main hub of the bus routes with the transition to rail traffic . The Gmünder ÖPNV timetables are not timed, but some lines are operated in an almost 20-minute rhythm. Lines to more distant destinations, on the other hand, only run one to two hours.
Rail transport
The station Schwabisch Gmund is located on the railway line Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt-eels , also called Rems Railway. At the station the alternating trains running at two-hour intervals keep Intercity trains of line 61 Karlsruhe -Stuttgart- Nuremberg and InterRegio Express trains on the line Karlsruhe-Stuttgart-Aalen; Regional-Bahn trains run on the route Aalen – Stuttgart (–Crailsheim) Monday to Saturday every half hour, otherwise every hour. Individual regional trains also run on the even shorter route between Aalen and Schorndorf on weekend nights .
In Schwäbisch Gmünd, the Hussenhofen stop on the Remsbahn existed until 1975 . From 1911 to 1984 the Hohenstaufenbahn connected Göppingen . During this time there were still stops in Schwäbisch Gmünd Süd , Straßdorf , Metlangen-Hohenrechberg and Reitprechts . This connection is now being replaced by bus routes 11 and 12 operated by Omnibusverkehr Göppingen .
Road traffic
The federal highway 29 (Stuttgart-) Waiblingen – Aalen – Nördlingen runs through the urban area west-east in the Remstal, which has been expanded into four lanes from Waiblingen to Schwäbisch Gmünd into a motorway-like motor vehicle . The new bypass has been running as a 2.2 kilometer long Gmünder Einhorn tunnel since November 25, 2013 . From the B 29, the federal road 298 branches off to the north in the direction of Gaildorf . To the east of the urban area, the B 29 runs in two lanes to Böbingen (and then again from Hermannsfeld), with traffic jams often occurring due to the high level of traffic and a four-lane expansion has been sought for years. With the exception of the Mögglingen bypass, which was opened to traffic in April 2019, this is in planning. The historic old town of Schwäbisch Gmünd is largely traffic-calmed through pedestrian zones or play streets . The next motorway connections are Aalen / Westhausen and Aalen-Süd / Oberkochen on the federal motorway 7 ( Würzburg - Füssen ).
Environmental zone
In the core town of Schwäbisch Gmünd, the fine dust sticker has been in effect since March 1, 2008 . All vehicles that have been driving in or through the city center since then, including the B 29 , must at least belong to pollutant group 2. Since then, there has been a driving ban for vehicles in pollutant group 1 (without a sticker). On January 1, 2012, this driving ban was extended to vehicles in pollutant group 2 (red sticker), and on January 1, 2013 also to pollutant group 3.
Bicycle traffic
Several tourist bike paths touch Schwäbisch Gmünd. The Stauferland hiking and cycling path , an asphalted bicycle and hiking path to Göppingen , on which you can get from the Remstal to the Filstal with only slight differences in altitude , uses the route of the Hohenstaufenbahn, which was dismantled between 1986 and 1987 . In addition, several cycle paths cross the city:
- The Remstal cycle path accompanies the Rems up to its confluence with the Neckar.
- The German Limes Cycle Route follows the Upper German-Raetian Limes over 818 km from Bad Hönningen on the Rhine to Regensburg on the Danube .
- The Swabian Alb cycle path touches the city and leads from Lake Constance to Nördlingen .
Long-distance hiking trails
Schwäbisch Gmünd is located on the Limes hiking trail of the Swabian Alb Association , a section of the German Limes hiking trail .
Air traffic
Smaller aircraft can use the Heubach airfield (12 km, travel time by car about 15 minutes). The next major airport is Stuttgart (55 km, travel time by car about 50 minutes).
Courts, authorities and institutions
Schwäbisch Gmünd is the seat of the regional association of East Wuerttemberg and a branch of the Ostalbkreis district office .
In the city there is a tax office , a district court , which belongs to the regional court district of Ellwangen and thus to the higher regional court district of Stuttgart. As an insolvency court, the Aalen District Court is responsible for the Schwäbisch Gmünd District Court district. Also in the city, in the former Gotteszell monastery , there is a correctional facility for women with a capacity of 335 places.
The State Institute for Agriculture, Food and Rural Areas (LEL) is based in Schwäbisch Gmünd.
In Schwäbisch Gmünd there is a district army replacement office that is responsible for the districts of Göppingen , Schwäbisch Hall , the Hohenlohe -, the Ostalb - and the Rems-Murr district .
The Schwäbisch Gmünd church district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg has its seat in the city. The Schwäbisch Gmünd deanery of the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese was dissolved on June 30, 2006 and integrated into the new Ostalb deanery .
military
Schwäbisch Gmünd was a garrison town for several decades . A battalion of the Württemberg Infantry Regiment 180 was initially stationed in the military accommodation (later Bismarck barracks ) built shortly before the First World War . Like the Adolf Hitler Barracks (later Hardt Barracks ), which was completed in 1937, it was used by the Wehrmacht and between 1951 and 1991 by the 7th US Army . Schwäbisch Gmünd was the headquarters of the 56th Field Artillery Command , whose units were also equipped with the controversial Pershing II medium-range missile in the 1980s . The Pershing II depot on the Mutlanger Heide gained national fame through the protests and blockades of the peace movement .
Established businesses
In the 17th century the gold and silver handicraft, which is still well represented today, settled. The Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metal Chemistry (FEM) is also located in Schwäbisch Gmünd. The watch industry established itself at the beginning of the 20th century . The company Bifora-Uhren was the largest special factory for wristwatches in Germany until the end of the 1970s and led the domestic development.
Today, automotive suppliers, design offices and jewelry craft dominate the city's economy. Schwäbisch Gmünd has the highest density of designers in Europe and is adorned with the title of Gold and Silver City .
The following companies are also of national importance:
- The Barmer Ersatzkasse , the health insurance company, has its head office in Schwäbisch Gmünd-Bettringen. It was created on January 1, 2010 from the merger of the Barmer Ersatzkasse (BEK) with the Gmünder Ersatzkasse (GEK), founded in Schwäbisch Gmünd in 1878 . Barmer GEK is the largest service provider in the Ostalb district and employs around 800 people on site.
- Erhard & Söhne is a global automotive supplier that has been part of Magna Steyr since 2011 . The long-established company used to be a manufacturer of toys and handicrafts. It developed the universal motor device , or Unimog for short, and is known for its ashtray, patented in 1955 .
- C. & E. Fein , based in the Bargau district, manufactures power tools.
- Nubert manufactures loudspeakers and sells them directly.
- Voestalpine Polynorm is a global automotive supplier.
- The Schleich GmbH , a 1935 by Friedrich Schleich founded company, known for toy figures.
- Weleda is active in the pharmaceutical and personal care sector.
- The Robert Bosch Automotive Steering GmbH (2015 ZF Lenksysteme GmbH ) is a global automotive supplier of car and truck steering systems and approximately 5,000 employees, the largest local employer.
- MVO GmbH , Metallverarbeitung Ostalb with approx. 200 employees , a subsidiary of Georgsmarienhütte that manufactures special steel parts .
- The Haus Lindenhof Foundation is a large social enterprise in the East Wuerttemberg region with facilities and services for people with disabilities and senior citizens. It is based in Schwäbisch Gmünd.
- The Stadtwerke Schwabisch Gmund
media
Local daily newspapers are the Rems-Zeitung , which is the oldest daily newspaper still in existence in Baden-Württemberg, and the Gmünder Tagespost , a local edition of the Südwest Presse from Ulm .
Healthcare
Schwäbisch Gmünd had several hospitals. The former municipal and later district hospital was housed in the hospital until 1985. Until it was closed in 1984, the hospital was the oldest existing hospital in Germany. Until 1852 there was to the hospital in the city in addition the Katharinenspital to the special infirmary extra muros . From 1942 to the end of 1966 there was also the St. Ludwig auxiliary hospital in the city center, which mainly covered the areas of internal medicine and gynecology . It was the opening of the new county hospital Staufer Hospital in Mutlangen closed and converted into a nursing home.
In addition to the hospital and St. Ludwig, the Federation of Vincentian Communities maintained a hospital for women, children and adolescents with the Margeritenhospital . This hospital was founded in 2000 the District Hospital Staufer Hospital in Mutlangen attached and retained for the time being its focus. When the Margaritenhospital was closed, the previously remaining pediatric and adolescent medicine was housed in the expanded district clinic in Mutlangen, whereby the name of the clinic was changed to Stauferklinikum Schwäbisch Gmünd after this merger . Since then there has been no hospital on Gmünder Grund. The building of the Margeritenhospital was converted into the Margaritenheim Health Center after the hospital was closed . The health center Daisies home now houses, among others, an ambulance-surgical center, a division of the Center for Psychiatry Winnenden, group homes for the deaf of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul and the birthplace and Midwifery Daisies home as well as several medical and other practices.
The district clinic in Mutlangen, which has also had a department for naturopathy since 2002, has housed the DRK main rescue station for Schwäbisch Gmünd since 2003, a technical school for health and nursing and a school for physiotherapy as well as several specialist practices, a pharmacy and a medical supply store since 2004 .
The Haus Lindenhof Foundation operates numerous facilities and services for people with disabilities and for senior citizens in Schwäbisch Gmünd and the East Württemberg region . It was founded on April 30, 1971 by the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart and the Diocesan Caritas Association and is based in Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Since 2007, the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd has organized an annual health fair in the city's congress center, at which local exhibitors in particular provide information about their offers in the field of health care and care for the elderly.
Educational institutions
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Colleges
In Schwäbisch Gmünd there are two universities and a study center of the Hagen Open University . The college of education with the rank of a university , with around 2500 students, an educational specialist seminar and a state seminar for didactics and teacher training (for elementary and secondary schools or secondary schools) is located both in the city center ( old PH ) and on the Hardt . The Schwäbisch Gmünd HfG University of Design with around 500 students has its roots in 1776 and today has the status of a University of Applied Sciences. The study center Schwäbisch Gmünd of the Fernuniversität Hagen was opened in 1990 and was located in Plant 4 of ZF Lenksysteme . When it was founded, it was the first study center of the distance university in Baden-Württemberg. It later belonged to the Stuttgart regional center and was used by around 1,500 students. Since 2015 there is only one information and advice center at the Distance University in Schwäbisch Gmünd. After US troops withdrew from the Bismarck barracks in East City, the barracks became a campus of the University of Maryland University College (UMUC) in 1992 . After the University College was closed in 2002 for financial reasons, the site of the former Bismarck barracks kept the name University Park .
More schools
There are nine high schools in the city. The city is responsible for three general high schools , the Hans Baldung and Parler high schools in the city center and the Scheffold high school in the Strümpfelbach school center . In addition, the city belongs to the school association of the state high school for the gifted, which is the sponsor of the state high school for the gifted Schwäbisch Gmünd in the university park. In addition, Schwäbisch Gmünd is the location of the evening high school in East Württemberg . Until 1994, there was also the state advanced high school with home (ABG) on Herlikofer Berg, whose building is now home to an education center of the regional tax office in Karlsruhe.
The city is also responsible for the two secondary schools Adalbert-Stifter-Realschule in the Strümpfelbach school center and Schiller-Realschule in the city center, the Pestalozzischule special needs school in the Herlikofen district, eight primary and secondary schools with a Werkrealschule (Lindach Eichenrain School, Peace School, Hussenhofen Mozart School, Rauchbein School, Roman School Straßdorf, Scheuelbergschule Bargau, Stauferschule and Uhlandschule Bettringen) as well as six independent elementary schools (Großdeinbach, Hardt, Weiler in der Bergen, Klösterleschule, Scherr-Grundschule Rechberg and Theodor-Heuss-Schule Herlikofen).
The Ostalbkreis is responsible for the vocational schools in the vocational school center in the Oberbettringen district, which include the vocational school, the Agnes-von-Hohenstaufen school with a high school for nutrition, a home economics school and a business school with a high school for business and a technical high school.
In addition, the district is responsible for the Klosterberg School for the mentally and physically handicapped. The private special school Martinusschule of the Haus Lindenhof Foundation in the Bettringen district also exists for the mentally handicapped . There is also the St. Josef School for the Hearing Impaired, which is run by the local Vincentian Sisters. The school also maintains one of the few grammar schools for the hearing impaired in Germany. It is run as a social science high school.
Other private schools include the Schwäbisch Gmünd Abendrealschule, the Catholic Franziskus Elementary School, the Free Evangelical School Domino Servite Schule e. V. Lindach with a primary and secondary school, the Free Waldorf School Schwäbisch Gmünd at the Strümpfelbach School Center, the Canisius School School for Educational Aid, the Institute for Social Professions St. Loreto , the Commercial Vocational School A. and S. Stadelmaier, the Private Vocational School Dr . Engel and the private school kindergarten for the mentally disabled of Lebenshilfe e. V. and the Technical Academy for Vocational Education.
The district also provides a district media center in Schwäbisch Gmünd, which is intended to support schools as well as extracurricular institutions with the provision of teaching media and advice on how to use them.
Due to the large number of schools, Schwäbisch Gmünd has seen itself as a school town at the latest since the opening of the state high school for gifted students .
Postcodes
When the five-digit postcodes were introduced, Schwäbisch Gmünd received the following new numbers:
- 73525 for part of the center
- 73527 for Großdeinbach, Hangendeinbach, Herlikofen, Hirschmühle, Hussenhofen, Kleindeinbach, Lindach, Rehnenhof / Wetzgau, Waldau, Wustenriet, rooms and part of the center
- 73529 for Bargau, Bettringen, Degenfeld, Herdtlinsweiler, Metlangen, Radelstetten, Rechberg, Reitprechts, Straßdorf, Weiler and part of the center
- 73072 for Schurrenhof and Kratzerhöfle, which together form an exclave of the city and the Ostalb district
- 73550 for Hummelshalden on the border with Waldstetten
- 73553 for Haselbach-Söldhaus on the border with the Alfdorf district of Haselbach
Telephone prefixes
Most of the city has the area code 07171, with the exception of Bargau with 07173, the exclave Schurrenhof with 07165 and Degenfeld with 07332.
Personalities
The honorary citizens, the sons and daughters of the city as well as the other people who work or have worked in Schwäbisch Gmünd are presented in this article.
literature
- History of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd. Edited by the Schwäbisch Gmünd city archive . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1984 University Library Heidelberg .
- Klaus Jürgen Herrmann, Ulrich Müller: A short history of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd. DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2006, ISBN 3-87181-034-7 .
- Richard Schmidt: Schwäbisch Gmünd ( German Land, German Art ). 2nd edition, Munich / Berlin 1969.
- Schwäbisch Gmünd. Pictures of a city. Einhorn Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2005, ISBN 3-936373-24-8 .
- Simon Paulus: "a very strong house built from blocks of sand". The building at Imhofstrasse 9 in Schwäbisch Gmünd and its Jewish context. Newsletter of the preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, year 2018, issue 3, pp 169-173 (PDF; 9.8 MB)
- Stefan King: “a very strong house built from blocks of sand”. The construction history of the building at Imhofstrasse 9 in Schwäbisch Gmünd. Newsletter of the preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, year 2018, issue 3, pp.174-179 (PDF; 9.8 MB)
- Cornelia Stegmaier: “a very strong house built from blocks of sand”. Architectural surface and color findings on the building at Imhofstrasse 9 in Schwäbisch Gmünd. Newsletter of the preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, year 2018, issue 3, pp.180-183 (PDF; 9.8 MB)
Web links
- Web presence of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd
- Schwäbisch Gmünd - The oldest Staufer Town (English)
- Link catalog on Schwäbisch Gmünd at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Württemberg city book from 1962.
- ↑ Klaus Pavel (Ed.): “ 25 Years Ostalbkreis 1973–1998. A documentation ”. In Ostalbkreis. Information on district history , Volume 1, Aalen District Office, Aalen, 1998, p. 76.
- ↑ Geological Path Schwäbisch Gmünd-Hohenrechberg, Introduction to the history of the landscape and landscape forms of the eastern Swabian Alb and the Alb foreland, 3rd edition, 1988, ed. Natural History Association Schwäbisch Gmünd e. V.
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the protected area directory of the LUBW , Bargauer Horn.
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the protected area directory of the LUBW , Kaltes Feld mit Hornberg, Galgenberg and Eierberg.
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the protected area directory of the LUBW , Lindenfeld.
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the protected area directory of the LUBW , Scheuelberg.
- ↑ Landscape plan administrative community Schwäbisch Gmünd - Waldstetten from February 8, 2011, p. 26 ff.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 455 f. and 471 .
- ↑ State Statistical Office, area since 1988 according to actual use for Schwäbisch Gmünd.
- ↑ a b Major ZD Steimle: The Schirenhof fort near Schwäbisch Gmünd , copy of the reprint from the work: Der Obergerm.-Raet. Limes of the Roman Empire (1897).
- ^ The first mention of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd 1162 ( memento from June 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), website of Klaus Graf at the University of Freiburg , accessed December 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b c Peter Koblank: The oldest Staufer town. Schwäbisch Gmünd was founded before 1162. Retrieved April 20, 2014 .
- ↑ Schwäbisch Gmünd 2012 on stauferstelen.net. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
- ↑ Mario Zeck: Heavens are pounded in smoke. Hunting of witches in the imperial city of Rottweil , Stuttgart 2000, pp. 145–177
- ↑ Convicted and burned. The chronicler Friedrich Vogt about the persecution of witches in Gmünd 1613–1617 , in: Einhorn-Jahrbuch , Schwäbisch Gmünd 1988, pp. 124–128
- ↑ Klaus Graf : Witch persecution in Schwäbisch Gmünd , in: Sönke Lorenz and Dieter R. Bauer (ed.): Hexenverendung. Contributions to research - with special consideration of the south-west of Germany (sources and research on European ethnology 15) , Würzburg 1995, pp. 123-139
- ↑ Klaus Graf: Gmünder Chroniken in the 16th Century: Texts and studies on the history of the imperial city Schwäbisch Gmünd. Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd 1984, ISBN 3-921703-53-0 ( online version , others )
- ↑ Giving the name a face: The Stolpersteine working group commemorated the Reichspogromnacht , Rems-Zeitung, November 9, 2014.
- ↑ a b LG Ellwangen, December 1, 1947 . In: Justice and Nazi crimes . Collection of German convictions for Nazi homicidal crimes 1945–1966, Vol. II, edited by Adelheid L. Rüter-Ehlermann, CF Rüter . Amsterdam: University Press, 1969, No. 38, pp. 75–101 Shooting of two civilians who, while intoxicated, shouted 'Hitler wrecked, long live Colonel Stauffenberg' . Retrieved April 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, pp. 79f., ISBN 3-89331-208-0 .
- ↑ Special audit committee of the military government from 7 July 1948 State Archives Ludwigsburg EL 905/133 administrative files (SPA)
- ↑ Ulrich Müller: Schwäbisch Gmünd under the swastika . einhorn-Verlag + Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2017, ISBN 978-3-95747-063-8 , p. 186-195 .
- ↑ Gmünd receives one of the Otto Borst prizes for urban renewal , article from April 23, 2016 on rems-zeitung.de
- ↑ Balance of the Landesgartenschau Schwäbisch Gmünd: Record with two million visitors on swr.de on October 6, 2014
- ↑ Herlikofen district. Retrieved April 22, 2019 . , on the Schwäbisch Gmünd website
- ↑ Cf. Gerhard Raff : The Swabian History . 2nd Edition. Hohenheim Verlag, Stuttgart and Leipzig 2003, ISBN 3-89850-020-9 , p. 51 .
- ^ Commemoration of the Anabaptist followers executed in Schwäbisch Gmünd in 1529, unveiling of a memorial plaque. Rems-Zeitung, December 7, 2009, accessed February 2, 2010 . On the judgment of Anabaptists cf. detailed Wikisource .
- ↑ Joachim Wahl, Bernd Trautmann: In the footsteps of the 'Anabaptists' from 1529 - Anthropological investigation of the skeletal remains from the 'Remswasen' in Schwäbisch Gmünd . doi: 10.11588 / fbbw.2013.0.34694
- ↑ The need to catch up is huge , Gmünder Tagespost , article from August 26, 2013
- ↑ Historian Simon Paulus speaks with the RZ about the importance of Imhofstrasse 9 , article on remszeitung.de from May 20, 2016
- ^ " Staircase as a reminder ", SWR for the opening of the Gmünder Synagogue memorial
- ↑ Festival and guided tours in the new Gmünder Mosque , article from October 4, 2013 on remszeitung.de
- ↑ Youth Council. Retrieved April 22, 2019 .
- ↑ a b City council election 2019 Schwäbisch Gmünd
- ↑ Mayoral election Schwäbisch Gmünd , on staatsanzeiger.de
- ^ Theater workshop in the German Theater Directory.
- ↑ International Shadow Theater Festival on schwaebisch-gmuend.de.
- ↑ Music education in Schwäbisch Gmünd on schwaebisch-gmuend.de ( Memento from 23 August 2010 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Schwäbisch Gmünder Schulmuseum im Klösterle (accessed October 10, 2019).
- ↑ Einhornverlag. Schwäbisch Gmünd, Pictures of a City, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2005, p. 17.
- ↑ Context of the weekly newspaper , April 27, 2019, p. 3.
- ↑ Architecture with 16 stations ( Memento from June 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive ), on remstal.de. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
- ↑ One PS for 160 flower pots , Gmünder Tagespost , article from July 31, 2015
- ↑ Schwäbisch Gmünd wants to honor Bud Spencer by naming the outdoor pool . Press release from July 27, 2011.
- ↑ Bud Spencer is coming to Schwäbisch Gmünd on December 2nd . Press release from November 16, 2011.
- ↑ Angelika Rieth-Hetzel (Red.): " Wandering home: 63 adventure tours from the Remstal to the Ries and from the Albuch to the Ellwang Mountains ". Schwäbischer Albverein Nordostalbgau, Schwäbisch Gmünd, 2005, ISBN 3-926043-25-3 , p. 47.
- ↑ Children Cinema Festival Schwabisch Gmund "Kikife". Retrieved April 22, 2019 .
- ↑ History / anniversary. Retrieved April 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Peers' festivals in Schwäbisch Gmünd , on www.unesco.de, accessed on December 13, 2018
- ↑ Peer festivals are UNESCO cultural heritage , on remszeitung.de, accessed on December 13, 2018
- ↑ Gassafetza.de : Guggentreffen
- ↑ Regional Council Stuttgart: B 29 Schwäbisch Gmünd bypass - tunnel .
- ↑ Gmünd looks longer into the tube . In: Swabian Post . September 17, 2012 ( schwaebische-post.de ).
- ↑ Clean air action plan for the Stuttgart administrative region - Schwäbisch Gmünd subplan ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Overview of environmental zones on Umwelt-plakette.de (as of March 17, 2016)
- ^ Page of the University of Design .
- ↑ MVO invests 16 million ( Memento from September 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Theodor Zanek: " The Gumpenmühle - Spital mill " in " unicorn Yearbook Schwabisch Gmund in 1989 ," Einhorn-Verlag Eduard Dietenberger GmbH, Schwabisch Gmund, 1989, ISBN 3-921703-99-9 , S. 109th
- ↑ a b History from hospital to clinical center ( memento from December 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), on stauferklinikum.de, accessed on April 22, 2019
- ↑ District Administrator Klaus Pavel: The future name will be "Stauferklinikum Schwäbisch Gmünd" . Rems-Zeitung, August 8, 2009.
- ↑ Renovation work in the Margaritenhospital is in full swing - 85 percent of the space is already rented . Rems-Zeitung, April 29, 2010.
- ^ House Lindenhof Foundation
- ^ Health fair Schwäbisch Gmünd 2011 , press release of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd from October 28, 2011.
- ↑ First Baden-Württemberg study center of the FernUniversität, 20 years of Fernstudienzentrum Schwäbisch Gmünd - celebration with honors ( Memento from November 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Information and advice from the Fernuni hagen in Gmünd from February 12, 2015 on remszeitung.de
- ^ University of Maryland University College: Schwäbisch Gmünd Closure ( Memento from December 23, 2003 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Education and Advice Center for Hearing and Communication - Social Science Gymnasium. (PDF) Retrieved June 25, 2020 . , Flyer of the high school of the St. Josef School
- ↑ Education portal of the city of Schwäbisch Gmünd .
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