Parler (family)
The Parler were a family of stonemasons , sculptors and builders from Schwäbisch Gmünd who created or helped design important works of Gothic art and architecture throughout Europe in the 14th century , including the first portrait busts of modern times, the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster in Schwäbisch Gmünd , St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge in Prague, St. Sebaldus in Nuremberg, the Cathedral of St. Barbara in Kutná Hora , the town hall in Krakow , the cathedral churches of Ulm , Freiburg and Basel .
The first known Parler is Heinrich Parler the Elder, possibly from Cologne , or Heinrich von Gmünd the Elder . Ä. (around 1300–1387), who is considered the first master builder of the Ulm Minster and who also built the Holy Cross Minster in Schwäbisch Gmünd . The most important representatives are his presumed sons Johann von Gmünd , Michael Parler and Peter Parler and Peter Parler's sons Johann Parler the Younger and Wenzel Parler .
Historically, the name Parler is only known to Peter Parler, but this name is widespread for this family. The name is derived from the job title Parlier . A "parlerius" or "parlerus" later Parlier, called a foreman of the building trade, the "spokesman" of the building works, which to this day in the word polishing received.
literature
- Max Bach: The Parler and their relationship with Gmünd . In: Repertory for Art History. 23. Spemann, Berlin and Stuttgart 1900.
- Ingeborg Dorchenas: Parler (family). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 1543-1554.
- Alfred Klemm: The family of the masters von Gmünd and their characters. In: Correspondence sheet of the general association of German history and antiquity associations. 42, 1894, pp. 9-15 ( MDZ Munich ).
- Alfred Klemm : Parler . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 177-182.
- Anton Legner (ed.): The Parler and the beautiful style 1350-1400. 3 volumes. Cologne 1978.
- Barbara Schock-Werner: Parler. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , pp. 69-74 ( digitized version ).
- Marc Carel Schurr : The architecture of Peter Parler. The Prague St. Vitus Cathedral, the Holy Cross Minster in Schwäbisch Gmünd and the Bartholomäus Church in Kolin in the field of tension between art and history . Ostfildern 2003.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Barbara Schock-Werner: Parler. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , pp. 69-74 ( digitized version ).