Heinrich Parler the Elder

Southwest view of the nave of the Holy Cross Minster in Schwäbisch Gmünd

Heinrich Parler the Elder (* between 1300 or 1310; † 1370 probably in Schwäbisch Gmünd ), also Heinrich von Gemünd the Elder . Ä., Arle, Parlerius, Parlerz called, was a German architect and church architect of the Gothic from the Baumeister family Parler . He was the father of Peter Parler .

plant

Heinrich, who presumably came from Cologne, where he was probably Parlier at the cathedral , built the first large hall church in southern Germany, which is important in terms of art history. It is the first work of the Parler family of builders. He took over the construction management at the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster in Schwäbisch Gmünd between 1325 and 1330; his name is written down in a document from 1356. He changed the construction plan for the church that was started in 1315. The construction of the choir began in 1351, and it is already recognizable that it has the first ashlar stones designed in the Gothic style. Heinrich also worked in Cologne and not only trained his son Peter, but also worked with him in Cologne and at the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster in Gmünd. Heinrich did not live to see the inauguration of the Holy Cross Minster, which did not take place until 1410.
Heinrich's unsecured works are the choir of the Frauenkirche in Nuremberg , the choir of the Augsburg Cathedral and the design for the Ulm Minster .

Life

Heinrich Parler could have had a brother, the foreman Peter von Reutlingen , who probably built the Marienkirche and the Nikolaikirche in Reutlingen. This could have given the name to one of Heinrich's sons, Peter Parler , one of the greatest architects of the late Gothic period. His eldest son was Johann Parler the Elder , who worked as a master builder at Zwettl Abbey and the Basel Minster .

literature

• Alfred Klemm :  Parler . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 177-182.
• Gerhard Schmidt: Peter Parler and Heinrich IV. Parler as sculptors. In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte. 23, 1970, pp. 108-153.
• Result volume for the exhibition of the Schnütgen Museum in the Kunsthalle Cologne. 1980.
• Joseph Lange: The Quirinus sculpture by Heinrich Parler on the Petersportal of Cologne Cathedral. In: Neuss yearbook for art, cultural history and local history. 1980, pp. 31-36.
• Anton Legner: The Cologne Parler bust. Botany and petrography. Result volume for the exhibition of the Schnütgen Museum in the Kunsthalle Cologne. 1980, pp. 31-32.
• Ivo Hlobil: Heinrich IV. Parler and the Parlier Henrich. The account books of St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague refer to the Parlier Heinrich, not to Heinrich Parler. In: Umení. 45, 1997, pp. 141-152.
• Barbara Schock-Werner:  Parler, Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , pp. 70 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Marc Carel Schurr: From Master Gerhard to Heinrich Parler. Thoughts on the architectural history of the Cologne Cathedral Choir. In: Kölner Domblatt. 68, 2003, pp. 107-146.
• Parallel buildings. State Monument Authority of Baden-Württemberg. Red .: Richard Strobel and Annette Siefert., Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1882-X .
• Parallel buildings architecture, sculpture, restoration; International Parler Symposium Schwäbisch Gmünd, July 17-19, 2001. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1882-X .
• Marc Carel Schurr: Heinrich and Peter Parler at the Heiligkreuzmünster in Schwäbisch Gmünd. Parallel buildings. State Monument Authority of Baden-Württemberg. Red .: Richard Strobel and Annette Siefert, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1882-X , pp. 29-38.
• Assaf Pinkus: The Parler School of Southwestern Germany. A reconsideration of fourteenth-century workshops and mass sculpture. In: Journal of the German Association for Art History. 61, 2007 (2008), pp. 49-80.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ General German biography. P. 178.