Weleda (company)

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Weleda AG

logo
legal form Corporation
founding 1921
Seat Arlesheim ( Canton of Basel-Country ), Switzerland
management Aldo Ammendola ( CRDO ),
Michael Brenner ( CFO ),
Alois Mayer ( COO ),
Nataliya Yarmolenko ( CCO ),
Paul Mackay
( Chairman of the Board )
Number of employees 2,554 (12/2019)
sales EUR 429 million (2019)
Branch Natural cosmetics , complementary medicine
Website www.weleda.com

The Weleda AG is an international group of companies headquartered in Arlesheim , Switzerland , the natural cosmetics and anthroposophic medicines produced. It has an anthroposophically inspired corporate philosophy.

Products

The company generates around 76 percent of its sales with natural cosmetics and 24 percent with pharmaceuticals.

The anthroposophic medicines, which originally made up the core business, are developed and manufactured on the basis of anthroposophic medicine . The special manufacturing processes developed by Weleda include the "Rh process", which is intended to increase the shelf life through rhythmic movements, and the so-called "vegetalization" of metals.

Organization of the Weleda Group

Weleda AG is a stock corporation under Swiss law with its headquarters in Arlesheim near Basel . The main shareholders of Weleda AG are the General Anthroposophical Society and the Arlesheim Clinic , which together hold 76.7 percent of the voting rights and 33.7 percent of the capital of Weleda AG. The remaining registered shares and non-voting participation certificates are in free float .

The Board of Directors is made up of representatives of the most important shareholders and personalities from business life. At the General Assembly on June 5, 2020, a new member, the Management Board spokesman of the GLS Community Bank Thomas Jorberg , was last added and comprises seven people. The Weleda Group is run by the Weleda management. She is responsible for the implementation of the corporate strategy on an international level. The management currently comprises four managing directors with different areas of responsibility: Dr. Aldo Ammendola, Chief Research & Development Officer (CRDO), responsible for the research and development division; Michael Brenner, Chief Financial Officer (CFO), responsible for the Finance and Services division; Alois Mayer, Chief Operations Officer (COO), responsible for the Production Processes and Logistics division and Nataliya Yarmolenko, Chief Commercial Officer (CCO), responsible for the Market division.

The largest part of the range of pharmaceuticals and natural cosmetics is produced in factories in Switzerland, Germany and France. The German branch in Schwäbisch Gmünd is the largest with around 1000 employees.

The international Weleda Group comprises a total of 18 majority and other minority interests, agencies and licensees worldwide. Weleda AG employs a total of more than 2500 people.

history

Foundation and naming (1920–1924)

Rudolf Steiner around 1905

Today's Weleda AG goes back to two foundings, one in Germany and one in Switzerland. The company Der kommende Tag - Aktiengesellschaft for the promotion of economic and spiritual values ​​- was co-founded by Rudolf Steiner on March 13, 1920 in Stuttgart . Konradin Haußer, Emil Leinhas , Count Otto von Lerchenfeld, Alfred Meebold , Emil Molt , José del Monte, Count Ludwig von Polzer-Hoditz , Carl Unger and Rudolf Steiner signed the articles of association as founders . The latter was also chairman of the supervisory board. Almost all of the founding members had been familiar with Rudolf Steiner and anthroposophy for a long time. On March 12, 1920 , Der kommende Tag bought the "Colonial-Werke Paul Rumpus", a mill in Schwäbisch Gmünd built in 1916, for future medicinal product production. In February 1921, The Coming Day in Stuttgart acquired the Wildermuth property, Gänseheide 28. The manufacturing laboratory was set up there, in which 20 remedies were produced. The Stuttgart Clinical Therapeutic Institute opened on August 15, 1921, under the direction of the Hamburg doctor Otto Palmer.

In the same year as Der kommende Tag AG , on June 16, 1920 Rudolf Steiner and Ita Wegman founded the Swiss Futurum AG - Economic Society for the International Promotion of Economic and Spiritual Values in Dornach . Rudolf Steiner was also chairman of the supervisory board here. In September 1920, Ita Wegman acquired a plot of land belonging to Futurum AG in Arlesheim and founded the Clinical-Therapeutic Institute (today: Klinik Arlesheim ), the world's first anthroposophic hospital. From February 1, 1921, after the “Laboratorium am Goetheanum” was bought, Futurum AG had a pharmaceutical production facility. In July 1921, Ita Wegman bought the Hirsland property No. 218 near the clinic. The test and manufacturing laboratories were housed there. The headquarters of Weleda AG were located on this property until 2005.

The Futurum AG and the Der kommende Tag AG were founded as so-called “associations” in order to give a new impetus to the dissemination of the threefold idea through a gradual economic reform. Furthermore, these two companies should secure the financial means for the continuation of the various initiatives within the anthroposophical movement - for example the establishment of the Goetheanum or the "Free Waldorf School Stuttgart". Rudolf Steiner therefore emphasized that both pharmaceuticals and natural cosmetics must bring a profit and should not finance each other, since otherwise the great goal would be jeopardized.

As a result of a liquidity crisis at Futurum AG in 1922, the company was renamed Internationale Laboratorien AG (ILAG) and new shares were issued. Since the German predecessor company of Weleda Der kommende Tag AG was also on the verge of bankruptcy in 1922, Rudolf Steiner asked the shareholders of the next day to give away their shares to ILAG at the general meeting, as he hoped that this step would ensure the survival of both Firms would be assured.

After the members had agreed, the newly merged company traded on November 21, 1922 under the name Internationale Laboratorien und Klinisch-Therapeutisches Institut Arlesheim AG . The facilities in Germany became branches of the Swiss parent company. Since this original name was very long and caused difficulties, especially in international sales, an agreement was reached on the name Weleda on September 7, 1924. The new name was protected under trademark law on September 20, 1924 in Germany and on September 25, 1924 in Switzerland.

The name goes back to the Germanic healing priestess Veleda , who worked as a prophetess and seer. The company name indicates that the source of the healing art, according to anthroposophical understanding, lies in the supernatural area. Weleda is written with W instead of V, because it was feared that in some languages ​​the V could be pronounced like an F. Since then the name has been used for all subsidiaries as well as for the company's products. On December 10, 1928, the Board of Directors decided that ILAG should also be named Weleda AG and this was then entered in the commercial registers accordingly.

The company logo is derived from the Aesculapian staff , a symbol of the medical and pharmaceutical status. In an abstract form, it shows a snake winding around a rod.

Expansion and international expansion (from 1925)

In 1925, the Weleda product range comprised around 360 individual preparations. In the late 1920s in particular, various cosmetics were developed: toilet milk (later iris milk), cold cream , massage oil, rosemary bath , skin cream, soap, shaving soap, sun protection cream, hair washing powder, spruce needle bath, lavender water and arnica essence.

In November 1924, the Schwäbisch Gmünd site, where Wilhelm Pelikan had been in charge of production since October 1924, had twelve employees. In 1939 there were 150 employees.

Between 1925 and 1928, Weleda's total sales doubled. Production took place in Arlesheim and Schwäbisch Gmünd. Laboratories were located in Stuttgart, Schwäbisch Gmünd and Arlesheim. The 1928 annual report also mentions a laboratory in St. Louis, France . Various subsidiaries were founded in the 1920s: The British Weleda Co. Ltd. (1924), de Handelsonderneming Weleda (Netherlands, 1926), The American Arlesheim Laboratories (1926), Veleda-Ges.mbH (Czech Republic, 1926).

time of the nationalsocialism

As a subsidiary of a Swiss AG, Weleda AG in Schwäbisch Gmünd, unlike other anthroposophical associations and schools, survived the Nazi regime and the war years without a break. The relationship to National Socialism was ambivalent. For example, the National Socialist German Research Institute for Nutrition and Catering marketed Weleda products and the former Weleda head gardener Franz Lippert was entrusted with a biodynamic plantation in the Dachau concentration camp that was built up and managed by forced labor . In the 1980s, the company came under fire for supplying the concentration camp doctor and Himmler protégé Sigmund Rascher with a “naturopathic antifreeze cream ”. Rascher, who was looking for solutions to the problems of Wehrmacht pilots who had crashed into the sea, used Weleda cream as part of attempts to hypothermia on prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp . Although the Weleda company supplied Sigmund Rascher at his private address in Munich, but received the requested preparations from the ancestral heritage of the SS and believes that it had no knowledge of the use of the cream due to the confidentiality of Rascher's attempts, the company apologized at the end of the 1990s in writing to Aktion Kinder des Holocaust (AKdH) and assured the history seminar of the University of Basel the possibility of an academic analysis by opening its company archives.

Recent developments (from 1945)

Weleda headquarters in Schwäbisch Gmünd

In 1964, the cancer drug “ Iscador ” was approved by the health insurance companies, and Weleda employees in the German Homeopathic Medicines Commission have been working on the pharmacopoeia monographs of the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HAB) since 1976 . In 1965 the Dutch pharmacist, anthroposophist and medical historian Willem Frans Daems founded the medical department of Weleda-AG. Almost all of the mineral medicinal products listed as heat-treated and rhythmically treated can be traced back to Weleda. The range includes over 120 natural cosmetic products and over 1000 ready-to-use drugs. The company currently employs 2371 people worldwide (1000 of them in Schwäbisch Gmünd). Weleda is certified in accordance with the EU eco-audit regulation and the ISO 14001 standard.

Marigold field in the Weleda medicinal plant garden

In July 2006, the cultivation and processing of medicinal plants was spun off into the wholly owned subsidiary Weleda Naturals . Weleda Naturals produced around 450 different tinctures and oil extracts from fresh plants and dried herbs each year, which are used as raw materials for pharmaceuticals and personal care products at the three Weleda production sites. In 2014, Weleda Naturals GmbH was integrated into Weleda AG. Around 260 different medicinal plants are grown in the company's own medicinal plant garden, most of which are processed as fresh plants immediately after harvest. With 23 hectares in biodynamic cultivation , it is the largest medicinal plant garden in Europe with open-air cultivation for native species and woody plants as well as greenhouses for growing young plants and tropical plants.

In 2008 there were problems in the supply chain, allegedly as a result of an IT changeover. Medicines that had already been ordered were no longer delivered because Weleda was unable to issue invoices. As a result, the limited shelf life of the goods had to be destroyed in large quantities. In the chaos, some customers received goods, but no invoices. The mismanagement drove the company into a loss and a loss of first three and then 8.6 million euros in 2011, the management and the Board, a body in which by then dm boss Götz Werner sat, a figurehead of the Anthroposophists in business, attested incompetence and scheduled for complete dismissal. At the end of 2011, Weleda AG was facing ruin. The annual loss was 10 million francs. Therefore almost the entire company management was changed. A new managing director, the business economist Ralph Heinisch, tried at the end of 2011 and the beginning of 2012 to avert the bankruptcy. In 2012 there was a comprehensive reorganization of the company, which began with a complete change in personnel at the top of Weleda. The board of directors was newly appointed by the shareholders and Ralph Heinisch was appointed managing director. In the same year, Weleda generated a profit of EUR 0.5 million after taxes on sales of EUR 322.5 million (+5 percent). The debt could be reduced. Since then, sales have increased steadily.

In 2009, Weleda certified its so-called natural cosmetic products according to the guidelines of the NaTrue label, which was founded by natural cosmetic manufacturers at the end of 2008, and achieved sales growth of 13 percent to 399.4 million francs in 2009.

In 2018, sales grew by 2.8 percent. Today Weleda is the third largest manufacturer of baby care products in Germany and the market leader in certified natural cosmetics in Europe. In 2011, Weleda achieved a market share of 28 percent in Germany.

At the end of 2018, Weleda City Spas opened in the Dutch cities of The Hague , Rotterdam and Oegstgeest . At the beginning of 2020, another City Spa was opened in the Hamburg district of Blankenese . Locations in Amsterdam and Stuttgart are planned.

Projects

In 2014, Weleda was a project partner of the Baden-Württemberg State Horticultural Show in Schwäbisch Gmünd . With 2 million visitors, it was the most successful of its kind. Since the end of 2015, Weleda has been providing the Diversity wins! a contribution to creating perspectives for people with a refugee experience. As part of the volunteer gardening project together , Weleda employees and refugees have been creating a garden together since the beginning of 2016, which has been a space for intercultural encounters and togetherness ever since. Weleda also operates the work and family program for the reconciliation of work and family life as part of Weleda diversity management, which among other things offers an in-house kindergarten, and the Weleda Generations Network , a program to network employees and former employees who have joined forces within the network since 2004 to help each other out with gardening, shopping or childcare. Regional networking projects are also funded; for example, Weleda has been purchasing coffee for employees from the El Molinillo coffee roastery , a workshop for people with disabilities, since 2013 .

Weleda also supports numerous environmental protection and sustainability projects. In 2013, Weleda committed to full traceability of its raw materials with EMAS . With the support of Weleda, the non-governmental organization Borneo OrangUtan Survival (BOS) is committed to the reforestation of the forest and its biodiversity . Due to the deforestation of the rainforest for palm oil plantations, the habitat of thousands of orangutans on Borneo is in danger. Weleda is part of a multi-phase project that began in October 2019, will initially run for 20 months and is being supported by Weleda with 100,000 euros. The focus of the project is the community of Mantangai Hulu, located in the south of Mawas, with its 2000 inhabitants. In order to guarantee their economic independence, the securing of land rights for the community will begin, then an area of ​​55 hectares with 55,000 trees will be afforested in order to increase biodiversity . In training courses, the village population is to be trained in the sustainable use of resources and to form fire protection teams to protect against possible forest fires. Weleda is also a partner company in the hectare nectar project, which is committed to protecting wild and honey bees.

Awards

In 2005, Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and Federal Family Minister Renate Schmidt honored Weleda with the innovation prize for pioneering family-oriented measures. In 2009, Utopia , Germany's largest community for sustainable consumption, presented Weleda with the Utopia Award twice: in addition to the jury award, the audience also voted Weleda the most exemplary company in terms of sustainability . In 2010, the Weleda Generations Network received the “Demography Excellence Award” from the Association of German Management Consultants. In 2016, Weleda AG received the Swiss Ethics Award, the prize of the Swiss Excellence Forum, for the “Ethical procurement of natural raw materials” project. In November 2016, the jury of the renowned German Sustainability Award named Weleda the most sustainable brand in Germany 2016 . In 2017, Weleda AG was awarded the Federal Government's CSR Prize for responsible supply chain management .

criticism

In 2012, it became public that Weleda co-financed a dubious Internet blog (annual volume 43,000 euros) which "denounces critics of their products - this would be a scandal for any conventional pharmaceutical company," as reported in the media. It was about the blogger Claus Fritzsche , an operator of several websites, who described himself as a medical and science journalist and dedicated himself to defaming critics of complementary medical practices. Fritzsche used different servers that linked each other in order to manipulate the Google search results and thus to bring criticism to the fore. The British researcher Edzard Ernst was a victim of this practice . Weleda stopped funding in July 2012 after Jens Lubbadeh criticized this approach in the Süddeutsche Zeitung .

literature

  • Rudolf Steiner Estate Management (Ed.): Rudolf Steiner and the founding of Weleda (= contributions to the Rudolf Steiner Complete Edition. No. 118/119, ZDB -ID 302064-2 ). Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach 1997.
  • Uwe Werner: The Weleda company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 .
  • Helmut Zander : Anthroposophy: Rudolf Steiner's ideas between esotericism, Weleda, Demeter and Waldorf education. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh 2019, ISBN 978-3-506-79225-9 .
  • Weleda AG (ed.): The knowledge of Weleda gardeners. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2019, ISBN 978-3-8186-0900-9 .

Movies

  • Cosmetics from nature - Weleda in Schwäbisch Gmünd. Documentary, Germany, 2015, 29:47 min., Script and director: Thomas Eberding, production: SWR , series: made in Südwest , first broadcast: August 19, 2015 on SWR, synopsis by ARD , online video .
  • Beauty from nature. Documentary, Switzerland, 2014, 29:20 min., Written and directed by: Annette Frei Berthoud, production: NZZ , series: NZZ Format , first broadcast: December 7, 2014 on 3sat , synopsis with preview and film text by NZZ.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b Rudolf Steiner estate administration (ed.): Rudolf Steiner and the founding of Weleda (= contributions to the Rudolf Steiner complete edition. No. 118/119, ZDB -ID 302064-2 ). Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach 1997, p. 34 (PDF; 17.8 MB).
  2. Annual and sustainability report 2019 (PDF; 6.9 MB).
  3. Annual and sustainability report 2019 (PDF; 6.9 MB).
  4. Annual and Sustainability Report 2019, p. 1 (PDF; 6.9 MB).
  5. Ueli Hurter on the Weleda Board of Directors. Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
  6. Weleda: Natural cosmetics and pharmaceutical company is now even more sustainable. June 17, 2020, accessed August 18, 2020 .
  7. Nataliya Yarmolenko new to the Weleda management team. January 16, 2020, accessed August 13, 2020 .
  8. Alois Mayer new at Weleda. July 11, 2018, accessed August 13, 2020 .
  9. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 25, p. 35.
  10. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 36.
  11. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 35 f.
  12. See Rudolf Steiner Estate Management (Ed.): Rudolf Steiner and the founding of Weleda (= contributions to the Rudolf Steiner Complete Edition. No. 118/119, ZDB -ID 302064-2 ). Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach 1997, p. 181 ff.
  13. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 42.
  14. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , chapter naming , pp. 74–79.
  15. Barbara Burkhard: Anthroposophic Medicines. A critical consideration. Govi-Verlag, Eschborn 2000, ISBN 3-7741-0810-2 , p. 15. See also Willem F. Daems: The historical Weleda. Name giver for the Weleda therapeutic products company. Verlag am Goetheanum, Dornach 1991, ISBN 978-3-7235-0589-2 .
  16. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 75.
  17. See Rudolf Steiner Estate Management (Ed.): Rudolf Steiner and the founding of Weleda (= contributions to the Rudolf Steiner Complete Edition. No. 118/119, ZDB -ID 302064-2 ). Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach 1997, pp. 35, 44, 47, 89.
  18. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 83.
  19. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 87.
  20. ^ Uwe Werner: The Weleda Company 1921–1945. Creation and pioneering time of a humane and sustainable ecological company. Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8305-3272-9 , p. 103.
  21. Miriam Gebhardt : Rudolf Steiner. A modern prophet. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-421-04473-0 , p. 335 f.
  22. Peter Staudenmaier: Anthroposophy and Ecofascism. Accessed June 1, 2020 (eng).
  23. Peter Staudenmaier: The German spirit at the crossroads. Accessed June 1, 2020 (eng).
  24. ^ Karl Heinz Roth: Sigmund Rascher and the Weleda Group taz of August 25, 1983, p. 9
  25. Cf. Uwe Werner: Anthroposophists in the time of National Socialism (1933–1945). Oldenbourg, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-486-56362-9 , p. 361.
  26. ^ Iso Ambühl: Crème for concentration camps: Weleda regrets. In: SonntagsZeitung , No. 15, April 12, 1998, in the archive of Aktion Kinder des Holocaust (AKdH). Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  27. ^ Gundolf Keil : Directory of the writings of Willem Daems. Part II. In: Würzburg medical historical messages. Volume 9, 1991, pp. 439-448; here: p. 439.
  28. Weleda had to destroy its own goods. In: Gmünder Tagespost , February 2, 2009. Accessed on May 19, 2020.
  29. Bettina Weiguny: Weleda has problems. Cosmetics and ointments from the Waldorf garden. In: FAZ.net , September 24, 2014. Accessed May 19, 2020.
  30. Matthias Oppliger: How Weleda averted ruin, explained in eight graphics. In: TagesWoche , July 19, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  31. Sales of the Weleda Group worldwide from 2011 to 2019. In: Statista. May 2020, accessed on July 21, 2020 .
  32. Natrue: Weleda Natrue membership .
  33. Weleda AG: Annual Report 2009 ( Memento of the original dated July 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.2 MB). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.weleda.de
  34. Cf. Christiane Jaud: Corporate Social Responsibility as a success factor for the marketing of companies. GRIN Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-640-48987-9 , p. 71 ff.
  35. ug: Weleda is growing with natural cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In: Pharmazeutische Zeitung , February 3, 2012 and in: Lebensmittel Zeitung , No. 27, July 6, 2012, p. 98.
  36. Homepage of the City Spa. Retrieved July 16, 2020 .
  37. Weleda opens City Spa in Hamburg Blankenese . In: hamburg-magazin.de , February 6, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  38. Political engagement and social contribution in the social sphere . In: Marco Englert, Anabel Ternès (Ed.): Sustainable Management: Developing sustainability as an excellent management approach . S. 744 .
  39. Uwe Schirmer (Ed.): Demography Excellence - Action Measures and Best Practices for Demography-Oriented Personnel Management . S. 205-208 .
  40. El Molinillo supplies Weleda with coffee. December 22, 2013, accessed July 21, 2020 .
  41. EMAS-tested environmental management: Sustainable supply chain with EMAS. Retrieved on August 7, 2020 (German).
  42. Against the deforestation of the rainforest. Retrieved August 7, 2020 .
  43. Weleda helps orangutans in Borneo. Retrieved August 7, 2020 .
  44. Income beyond palm oil. August 23, 2017, accessed August 7, 2020 .
  45. Weleda is committed to bees - bee protection with hectares of nectar. Retrieved August 7, 2020 .
  46. Weleda. Retrieved July 21, 2020 .
  47. Utopia: Award Winner 2009 ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
  48. Weleda is the winner in the category “Germany's Most Sustainable Brands 2016”. In: German Sustainability Award. Retrieved July 18, 2020 .
  49. ^ Winner of the special "Responsible Supply Chain Management Weleda AG" award. In: CSR Prize of the Federal Government. Retrieved July 17, 2020 .
  50. Jens Lubbadeh: Homeopathy lobby on the net - Dirty methods of gentle medicine. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 30, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  51. Bettina Weiguny: Weleda has problems. Cosmetics and ointments from the Waldorf garden. In: FAZ.net , September 24, 2014. Accessed May 19, 2020.
  52. merdeister: Weleda and the wisdom of people. In: Friday / Blog , July 9, 2012.