Marigolds

Marigolds
	Common marigold ( Calendula officinalis )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Calenduleae
Genre :	Marigolds
Scientific name
	Calendula
	L.

The marigold ( Calendula ) are a genus within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). They are native to an area that stretches from the Canary Islands to Iran .

description

Fruit cluster of the garden marigold ( Calendula officinalis )

Field marigold ( Calendula arvensis )

Star marigold ( Calendula stellata )

Calendula suffruticosa subsp. maderensis

Calendula tripterocarpa

Vegetative characteristics

In Calendula TYPES is annual to perennial herbaceous plants . The stems are erect or creeping. The alternate, simple leaves are stalked or sessile. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated.

Generative characteristics

In the individually standing, cup-shaped inflorescences there are zygomorphic ray- flowers (ray-flowers) on the outside and radial-symmetrical tubular flowers (disc -shaped flowers) on the inside . The mostly orange or yellow petals are fused with tubes.

When fruits are achenes formed.

Systematics

The genus Calendula was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .

There are about 11 species of calendula :

Field marigold ( Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. )
Calendula eckerleinii Ohle : It occurs in Morocco.
Calendula lanzae Maire : It occurs in Morocco.
Calendula maroccana (Ball) BDJacks. : It occurs in Morocco.
Calendula meuselii Ohle : It occurs in Morocco.
Common marigold ( Calendula officinalis L. )
Calendula pachysperma Zohary : It occurs in the area of Israel and Jordan.
Calendula palaestina Boiss. : It occurs in Syria, Lebanon and the area of Israel and Jordan.
Calendula stellata Cav. : It occurs in Sicily, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and the Canary Islands.
Calendula suffruticosa Vahl : It occurs in Madeira, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. There are about 13 subspecies:
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis (Boiss.) Nyman : It occurs in Spain, Gibraltar and Portugal.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Ohle : It occurs in Algeria.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. boissieri Lanza : It occurs in Algeria.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. carbonellii Ohle : It occurs in Spain and Gibraltar.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida (Raf.) Guadagno : It occurs in Morocco, Italy, Sicily and Malta.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. greuteri Ohle : It occurs in Spain.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. lusitanica (Boiss.) Ohle : It occurs in Morocco and Portugal.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. maderensis (DC.) Govaerts : It occurs on Madeira and on the Desertas.
- Sea beach marigold ( Calendula suffruticosa subsp. Maritima (Guss.) Meikle , Syn .: Calendula maritima Guss. ): It occurs only in Sicily and Sardinia.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. monardii (Boiss. & Reut.) Ohle : It occurs in Algeria.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. tlemcensis Ohle : It occurs in Algeria.
- Calendula suffruticosa subsp. tomentosa (ball) Murb. (Syn .: Calendula tomentosa Desf., Non L. f. ): It occurs in Portugal, Spain and Morocco.
- Calendula suffruticosa Vahl subsp. suffruticosa : It occurs originally in Tunisia.
Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr. : It occurs in the Canaries, in North Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe.

use

The garden marigold ( Calendula officinalis ) in particular also plays a role in herbal medicine . The oil from the seeds is used in skin care products and various industrial purposes.

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literature

John L. Strother: Calendula. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 381 (English, online ). (Section description)

Individual evidence

↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 921, digitized .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Calendula . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.

Web links

Commons : Marigolds ( Calendula ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Calendula arvensis at Plants For A Future
Calendula officinalis at Plants For A Future
Calendula on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[SpPl-1] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 921, digitized .

[Euro+Med-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore): Calendula . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.