Asteroideae

Asteroideae
	Marguerite ( Leucanthemum vulgare )
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Scientific name
	Asteroideae
	( Cass. ) Lindl.

The Asteroideae (old name Tubuliflorae) are a subfamily of the plant family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). Some species are medicinal or aromatic plants.

description

Excerpt from an illustration from Otto Wilhelm Thomé: Structure of a tubular flower using the example of the marguerite ( Leucanthemum vulgare ): On the right of the illustration the structure of the corolla (left), the androeceum (center) and the gynoeceum (right): SCT = stamen corolla tube, CT = corolla tube, C = free corolla lobes, F = stamen, T = anthers, FK = underlying ovary, G = style, N = stigma

Tribus Heliantheae : flower head of the sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) with ray and disc flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The representatives of the subfamily Asteroideae are mostly annual to perennial herbaceous plants , there are also woody taxa . Some taxa are succulent . The vegetative organs are criss-crossed by oil and resin ducts that arose in a schizogenic manner and are covered with epithelium . Milk tubes are missing. The against-constantly arranged mostly alternate or example, many species of the tribe Heliantheae leaves can be simple or compound.

Generative characteristics

There are basket-shaped inflorescences formed which are singly or in differently constructed total inflorescences stand together. The flower head is surrounded by bracts . The basket base (receptacle) can be disc-shaped to conical. Often there are chaff leaves on the bottom of the basket; they are the bracts of the flowers.

Is typical in the subfamily Asteroideae that often both on the outside in the flower baskets zygomorphe , dreizipfelige ray florets (= ray florets) as well as inside radiärsymmetrische florets (= disc florets) are present. In a few taxa the ray florets are missing, tubular florets are always present.

The flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are transformed into the so-called pappus . The mostly five petals are fused to form a corolla tube. In tubular flowers, the five relatively short crown teeth are about as long as they are wide. In the ray florets the tongues end in three crown teeth (in contrast to other subfamilies). The anthers of the five stamens are glued together to form a tube. The stylus "sweeps" the pollen out of the anthers tube with puffy hairs ; the opening of the thighs of the scar and the release of the inner surface that can be conceived takes place only afterwards in order to avoid self-pollination . The anthers have no appendages. The spines are distributed regularly or irregularly on the pollen. Two carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. The stylus ends with two branches. On the inside of the two branches of the style, there are two with two lines with scar tissue.

There are achenes , often a pappus possess the spread is formed. The basic chromosome number is x = 9, 10, or in the Heliantheae Alliance x = 19.

Structural formula of inulin

ingredients

They have inulin as a storage carbohydrate . Essential oils are present in many species. Polyines (= polyacetylenes) and sesquiterpene lactones are also important .

Systematics

Tribus Anthemideae : Ursinia anthemoides

Tribus Astereae : Xylorhiza tortifolia

Tribus Athroismeae : Centipeda minima

Tribus Calenduleae : Calendula arvensis

Tribus Eupatorieae : inflorescence with flower heads and flowers in detail from Carphephorus corymbosus

Tribus Gnaphalieae : flower head of Xerochrysum bicolor

Tribe Heliantheae : Ambrosia dumosa

Tribus Inuleae : flower head of Pulicaria wightiana

Tribus Plucheeae : entire inflorescence of Laggera crispata

Tribus Senecioneae : Pericallis malvifolia

Tribe Bahieae : Palafoxia arida var. Arida

Tribe Chaenactideae : Chaenactis carphoclinia var. Carphoclinia

Tribe Coreopsideae : flower heads with flowers in detail from Bidens cernua

Tribe Coreopsideae : Thelesperma megapotamicum

Tribe Helenieae : Baileya multiradiata

Tribe Madieae : Argyroxiphium grayanum

Tribe Madieae : Haleakalā silver sword ( Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. Macrocephalum )

Tribus Millerieae : Acanthospermum hispidum

Tribus Millerieae : habit and inflorescences of Coespeletia palustris

Tribus Millerieae : Espeletia grandiflora

Tribus Neurolaeneae : dream herb ( Calea ternifolia )

Tribus Perityleae : Perityle emoryi

Tribe Polymnieae : Polymnia canadensis

Tribus Tageteae : Adenophyllum cooperi

The subfamily Asteroideae was established in 1829 by John Lindley in John Claudius Loudon : An Encyclopedia of Plants , 1074.

This subfamily Asteroideae contains around 1,135 genera and around 16,200 species, with worldwide distribution. The tribe Feddeeae, Helenieae, Coreopsideae, Neurolaeneae, Tageteae, Chaenactideae, Bahieae, Polymnieae, Heliantheae, Millerieae, Madieae, Perityleae, Eupatorieae form a family group, the so-called Heliantheae Alliance.

The subfamily Asteroideae is divided into 20 tribe (the genera are listed in the articles of the tribe):

Tribe Anthemideae Panero : It contains 100 to 110 genera with around 1700 species.

Tribe Astereae Cass. : It contains over 200 genera with around 3000 species.

Tribus Athroismeae Panero : It contains about seven plant genera with about 59 to 70 species, which are mainly distributed in Africa and Australia.

Tribe Calenduleae Cass. : It used to contain eight, since 2009 twelve genera with 110 to 120 species. You are almost always without a papus.

Tribe Eupatorieae Cass. : It contains 167 to 181 genera with 2000 to 2400 species.

Tribe Gnaphalieae Cass. ex Lecoq & Juill. : It is divided into five to six subtribes with about 184 to 187 genera and 1240 to over 2000 species.

Tribe Heliantheae Cass. : Today it contains only 14 subtribes with only about 112 genera. Some new tribes were spun off.

Tribe Inuleae Cass. : It contains 40 to 60 genera with 500 to 600 species.

Tribus Plucheeae (Cass. Ex Dum.) Anderberg : It contains about 27 genera with about 219 species.

Tribe Senecioneae Cass. : It contains about 150 genera with about 3200 species.

Tribus Bahieae B.G.Baldwin : It contains about 19 genera, which are mainly distributed in the Neotropics with a focus on biodiversity in the southwestern USA and Mexico. They are usually annual to perennial herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs that do not contain milky sap. There are no chaff leaves. If there are ray florets then they are purely feminine. The tongues of the corolla end with two or three corolla teeth. In tubular flowers, the corollas have four or five coronet teeth. The achenes are blackish due to phytomelanins:

Achyropappus Kunth : It contains only one or two species:
Achyropappus anthemoides Kunth : It is common in Mexico.

Amauriopsis Rydb. : It contains only one type:
Amauriopsis dissecta (A. Gray) Rydb. : It is distributed from the western USA to northern Mexico .

Apostates N.S.Lander : It contains only one species:
Apostates rapae (F.Brown) NSLander : It is endemic to Easter Island (in the local language Rapa Nui, hence the specific epithet rapae ).

Bahia Lag .: The approximately ten species are distributed from the southwestern USA (four species) to Mexico and South America .

Bartlettia A.Gray : It contains only one species:
Bartlettia scaposa A.Gray : It is distributed from the southwestern US state of New Mexico and Texas to Mexico.

Chaetymenia Hook. & Arn. : It contains only one type:
Chaetymenia peduncularis Hook. & Arn. : It is common in Mexico.

Chamaechaenactis Rydb. : It contains only one type:
Chamaechaenactis scaposa (Eastw.) Rydb. : It thrives at altitudes of 1400 to 2600 meters in the western US states of Arizona , Colorado , New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming .

Espejoa DC. : It contains only one type:
Espejoa mexicana DC. : It is common in Mexico.

Florestina Cass. : The eight or so species are distributed from Texas (only one species) across Mexico to Central America .

Holoschkuhria H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
Holoschkuhria tetramera H.Rob. : It is common in northern Peru .

Hymenopappus L'Hér. : The eleven species are distributed from North America (ten species) to Mexico.

Hymenothrix A.Gray : The approximately five species are distributed from the southwestern USA (three species) to Mexico.

Hypericophyllum Steetz : The seven or so species are common in tropical Africa.

Loxothysanus B.L.Rob. : The roughly two types are common in Mexico.

Palafoxia Lag .: The approximately twelve species are distributed from the southwestern USA (ten species) to Mexico.

Peucephyllum A.Gray : It contains only one species:
Peucephyllum schottii A.Gray : It is distributed from the southwestern US states of Arizona, California , Nevada and Utah to northwestern Mexico (Baja California and Sonora).

Platyschkuhria Rydb. : It contains only one type:
Platyschkuhria integrifolia Rydberg (A. Gray) Rydb. : It thrives at altitudes of 1,100 to 2,200 meters in the western US states of Arizona, Colorado, Montana , New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.

Psathyrotopsis Rydb. : The roughly three species are distributed from the southwestern United States to Mexico.

Schkuhria Roth. : The two to six species are distributed from the southwestern USA (two species) across Mexico and Central to South America.

Thymopsis Benth. : The only two species occur on Caribbean islands.

Tribus Chaenactideae B.G.Baldwin : It contains only three genera from western North America to Mexico:

Tribe Coreopsideae Lindl. (Syn .: Bidentideae Godr. , Bidentidinae Griseb. , Coreopsidaceae Link , Coreopsidinae Dumort. , Coreopsidodinae C.Jeffrey ): it contains (21 to) about 31 kinds with approximately 500 kinds:

Two teeth ( Bidens L. , Megalodonta Greene ): The 150 to over 250 species are distributed almost worldwide. There are a particularly large number of species from the temperate areas to the subtropics to the tropics of the New World and Africa.

Chrysanthellum Rich. : The eleven or so species occur in many tropical areas of the world.

Coreocarpus Benth. : The approximately nine species are all native to Mexico , one species also occurs in Arizona .

Girl's eyes ( Coreopsis L. ): The scope of this genus has been discussed controversially, the African species no longer belong to this genus. The 70 or so species are widespread in the New World. The centers of biodiversity lies with around 28 species in the temperate areas of eastern North America, in Mexico and in the Andes.

Cosmos Cav. : The 26 to 28 species are widespread in the Neotropic, with an emphasis on biodiversity in Mexico. One species is a neophyte in many parts of the world.

Cyathomone S.F.Blake : It contains only one species:
Cyathomone sodiroi (Hieron.) SFBlake : It occurs in Ecuador.

Dahlias ( Dahlia Cav. ): The 35 to 40 species are mainly found in Mexico and there are also species in Central America and Colombia. Many varieties are used as ornamental plants in temperate to tropical areas.

Dicranocarpus A.Gray : It contains only one species:
Dicranocarpus parviflorus A. Gray : It occurs from the southwestern USA to northern Mexico.

Diodontium F. Muell. : It contains only one type:
Diodontium filifolium F. Muell. : It is common in northern Australia.

Ericentrodea S.F.Blake : The six or so species thrive in the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia.

Eryngiophyllum Greenm. : The roughly two types are common in Mexico.

Fitchia Hook. f. : The seven or so species are common in Polynesia , three species are endemic to the Society Islands, and one species is endemic to Rapa Iti.

Glossocardia Cass. : The approximately twelve species are distributed in Southeast Asia and on the Pacific islands.

Goldmanella Greenm. : It contains only one type:
Goldmanella sarmentosa (Greenm.) Greenm. : It is widespread from Mexico via Belize to Guatemala.

Henricksonia B.L. Turner : It contains only one species:
Henricksonia mexicana B.L. Turner : It occurs in northern Mexico.

Heterosperm Cav. : The five to ten species are distributed from the southwestern USA (one species) over Mexico and Central to South America. They are neophytes on Caribbean islands.

Hidalgoa La Llave & Lex .: The approximately five species are distributed from Mexico to Central America.

Isostigma Less. : The 11 to 15 species are distributed from Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay to Argentina.

Koehneola Urb. : It contains only one type:
Koehneola repens (Griseb. Ex Urb.) Urb. : It only occurs in Cuba.

Moonia Arn. : It contains one (previously up to six types):
Moonia heterophylla Arn. : It occurs in Sri Lanka and southern India.

Narvalina Cass. : It contains only one species:
Narvalina domingensis (Cass.) Less. : It only occurs in Hispaniola .

Oparanthus Sherff : As of 2011, it contains six species that are endemic to the Polynesian Islands, four to the Marquesas and two to Rapa Iti .

Petrobium R.Br. : It contains only one type:
Petrobium arboreum (JRForst. & G.Forst.) R.Br. ex explos. : It is endemic to St. Helena .

Pinillosia Ossa ex DC. : It contains only one type:
Pinillosia berteroi (Spreng.) Urb. : It occurs in Cuba and Hispaniola.

Selleophytum Urb. (sometimes found in Coreopsis L.): It was reactivated in 2008 and contains only one species:
Selleophytum buchii Urb. : It only occurs in Haiti .

Staurochlamys Baker : It contains only one species:
Staurochlamys burchellii Baker : It thrives in the caatinga and cerrado in the Brazilian states of Tocantins , Maranhão , Piauí and Goiás .

Tetraperone Urb. : It contains only one type:
Tetraperone bellioides (Griseb.) Urb. : It only occurs in Cuba.

Thelesperma Less. : The over ten species are distributed from western North America (nine species) to Mexico and South America.

Trioncinia (F.Muell.) Veldkamp : It contains only one type:
Trioncinia retroflexa (F.Muell.) Veldkamp : It occurs only in the Australian state of Queensland .

Tribus Feddeeae Pruski, P. Herrera, Anderb. & Franc. location. : It was reorganized in 2008:

Feddea Urb. : It contains only one type:
- Feddea cubensis Urb. : It is onlynative to and endangeredin eastern Cuba .

Tribe Helenieae Benth. & Hook. : It contains about twelve genera in the New World, with a focus on biodiversity from the southern United States to northern Mexico:

Amblyolepis DC. : It contains only one type:
- Amblyolepis setigera DC. : It is distributed from the US state of Texas to the Mexican states of Coahuila , Nuevo León and Tamaulipas .
Baileya Harv. & A.Gray ex A.Gray : The only three species are distributed from the southwestern USA to northern Mexico.
Balduina Nutt. : The only three species are common in the southeastern United States.
Cockade flowers ( Gaillardia Foug. ): The 15 to 17 or more species are common in North America (eleven species), Mexico, and South America (mainly Argentina).
Sun bride ( Helenium L. ): The approximately 32 species are widespread in the New World.
Hymenoxys Cass. : The approximately 25 species are widespread from North America (17 species), Mexico and Central to South America.
Marshallia Schreb. : The approximately seven species are distributed in the southern, central and southeastern USA.
Pelucha S. Wats . : It contains only one type:
- Pelucha trifida S.Wats. : It only thrives in the Mexican Sonoran Desert of Lower California.
Plateilema (A.Gray) Cockerell : It contains only one species:
- Plateilema palmeri (A.Gray) Cockerell : It is distributed from the US state of Texas to the Mexican states of Coahuila and Nuevo León.
Psathyrotes (Nutt.) A.Gray : The only three species are distributed from the southwestern United States to northwestern Mexico.
Psilostrophe DC. : The approximately seven species are distributed from the USA (six species) to Mexico.
Tetraneuris Greene : The approximately nine kinds are distributed from North America (nine kinds) to Mexico.
Trichoptilium A.Gray : It contains only one species:
- Trichoptilium incisum (A.Gray) A.Gray : It is distributed from the US states of Arizona , California and Nevada to Baja California, Mexico.

Tribe Madieae Jeps. : It contains about 35 genera in the New World:

Achyrachaena Schauer : It contains only one species:
Achyrachaena mollis Schauer : It occurs from Oregon to California to Baja California inMexico.

Adenothamnus D.D. Keck : It contains only one species:
Adenothamnus validus (TSBrandegee) DDKeck : It occurs in Mexico.

Silver swords ( Argyroxiphium DC. ): Of the five species so far, one is Argyroxiphium virescens Hillebr. extinct. They are all unique to Hawaii . This belongs here:
Silver sword ( Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC. )

Amblyopappus Hook. & Arn. : It contains only one type:
Amblyopappus pusillus Hook. & Arn. : It is common on the coasts of California to Baja California in Mexicoand on the west coast of South America.

Anisocarpus Nutt. : Of the only two species, one is common in western North America and the other occurs only in California.

Arnica ( Arnica L. ): The approximately 29 kinds are common in North America (26 kinds), Mexico, Europe, in the Asian part of Russia and in Japan.

Baeriopsis J.T. Howell : It contains only one species:
Baeriopsis guadalupensis J.T. Howell : It is only found in Baja California.

Blepharipappus Hook. : It contains only one type:
Blepharipappus scaber hook. : It thrives at altitudes of 300 to 2,200 feet in the northwestern United States.

Blepharizonia (A.Gray) Greene : The only two species occur only in California.

Calycadenia DC. : The ten or so species are common in the western United States.

Carlquistia B.G.Baldwin : It contains only one species:
Carlquistia muirii (A.Gray) BGBaldwin : It only thrives in California at altitudes of 1100 to 2500 meters.

Centromadia Greene : The four or so species are distributed from the western USA (three species) to northwestern Mexico.

Constancea B.G.Baldwin : It contains only one species:
Constancea nevinii (A.Gray) BGBaldwin : It is endemic to the Californian Channel Islands .

Deinandra Greene : The approximately 21 species are distributed from the western USA (16 species) to northwestern Mexico.

Dubautia Gaudich. : The approximately 39 species are only found in Hawaii .

Eatonella A.Gray : It contains only one species:
Eatonella nivea (DCEaton) A.Gray : It thrives at altitudes of 800 to 3,100 meters in the western United States.

Eriophyllum Lag . : The approximately 14 species are distributed from the western USA, with a focus on biodiversity in California.

Harmonia B.G.Baldwin : The five or so species occur only in California.

Hemizonella (A.Gray) A.Gray : It contains only one species:
Hemizonella minima (A.Gray) A.Gray : It thrives at altitudes of 300 to 2900 meters in western North America.

Hemizonia DC. : It contains only one type:
Hemizonia congesta DC. : It is distributed with six subspecies in the western USA.

Holocarpha Greene : The four or so species occur only in California.

Holozonia Greene : It contains only one species:
Holozonia filipes (Hook. & Arn.) Greene : It only thrives in California at altitudes of 30 to 600 meters.

Hulsea Torr. & A.Gray : The seven or so species are distributed from the western United States to northwestern Mexico.

Jensia B.G.Baldwin : The only two species occur only in California.

Kyhosia B.G.Baldwin : It contains only one species:
Kyhosia bolanderi (A.Gray) BGBaldwin : It thrives at altitudes of 1000 to 2600 meters in the western US states of California, Nevada and Oregon.

Lagophylla Nutt. : The four or so species are common in western North America.

Lasthenia Cass. : Of the approximately 18 species, 17 are distributed in North America, mainly California, and one species occurs in Chile .

Layia Hook. & Arn. ex DC. : The approximately 14 species are distributed from western North America (all 14 species) to northwestern Mexico.

Madia Molina : The ten or so species are common in the New World. The Madia sativa specieswas previously grown as an oil plant. It is located in Canada, the United States and Argentina. Madia sativa is also found in Hawaii ; whether this is a natural occurrence or whether it is a neophyte there cannot be proven with data.

Monolopia DC. : The five or so species are only found in California.

Osmadenia Nutt. : It contains only one type:
Osmadenia tenella Nutt. : It occurs only from California to the Mexican Baja California.

Pseudobahia (A. Gray) Rydb. : The only three species occur only in California.

Raillardella (A. Gray) Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. : The only three types are common in the western United States.

Syntrichopappus A.Gray : The only two species are common in the southwestern United States.

Wilkesia A.Gray : The only two species are endemic only to the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i .

Venegasia DC. : It contains only one type:
Venegasia carpesioides DC. : It occurs only from California to the Mexican Baja California.

Tribus Millerieae Lindl. (Syn .: Subtribus Milleriinae): It contains about 34 genera:

Acanthospermum Cabinet : The six or so species are mainly found in the warm temperate to tropical regions of the New World. Some species are neophytes in many areas of the world.

Alepidocline S.F.Blake : The four or so species are common in the Neotropics.

Alloispermum Willd. : The 16 or so species are common in the Neotropics.

Aphanactis Wedd. : The eleven or so species are common in the Neotropics.

Axiniphyllum Benth. : The five or so species occur in Mexico.

Bebbia Greene : The only two species are distributed from the southwestern USA (only one species) to northern Mexico.

Carramboa Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): The four to seven species thrive in the Andes.

Coespeletia Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): The seven to eight species since 2013 thrive in the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia.

Cymophora B.L. Rob . : The four five species occur in Mexico and Venezuela.

Desmanthodium Benth. : The seven or so species are common in the Neotropics.

Dyscritothamnus B.L.Rob. : There are about two species in Mexico.

Espeletia Mutis ex Humb. & Bonpl. : This genus has been divided into seven smaller genera. The 45 to 71 species thrive in the páramos of northern South America in Venezuela , Colombia and Ecuador .

Espeletiopsis Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): Of the approximately 23 species, five species thrive in the central Andes of Venezuela and 18 species in the eastern Cordillera in Colombia.

Faxonia Brandegee : It contains only one species:
Faxonia pusilla Brandegee : It occurs in Mexico.

Button herbs ( Galinsoga Ruiz & Pav. ): The 15 to over 33 species are only native to the New World. Some species are neophytes in the other continents .

Guardiola Cerv. ex Bonpl. : The ten or so species are all native to Mexico, one species also occurs in Arizona .

Guizotia Cass. : The six or so species are common in tropical Africa. Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. is a neophyte in many areas of the world.

Ichthyothere Mart. : The 20 or so species are distributed from Panama to South America.

Jaegeria Kunth : The ten or so species are common in the Neotropics.

Lecocarpus Decne. : The two to three species are only found in the Galapagos.

Libanothamnus Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): It contains about eleven species in the Andes.

Melampodium L .: The approximately 36 species are naturally distributed in the New World from the USA (seven species) via Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean islands to South America. At least one species is a neophyte in many areas of the world.

Micractis DC. : The four or so species are common in East Africa and Madagascar.

Milleria L .: The only two species are distributed from Mexico through Central America to northern South America.

Oteiza La Llave : It contains five species in Guatemala.

Paramiflos Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): it contains only one species:
Paramiflos glandulosus (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. : It occurs in the Andes.

Ruilopezia Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): It contains around 24 species in the Andes.

Rumfordia DC. : The seven or eight species are distributed from Mexico to Guatemala.

Sabazia Cass. : The 16 or so species are common in Central America.

Schistocarpha Less. : The approximately 13 species are common in the Neotropics.

Selloa Kunth : There are about six species, they are distributed from Mexico to Central and South America.

Sigesbeckia L .: The eight or so species are common in Mexico.

Smallanthus Mack. : The approximately 20 species are common in the Neotropic.

Stachycephalum Sch.Bip. ex Benth. : The roughly three species are distributed in Mexico, Ecuador and Argentina.

Tamania Cuatrec. (sometimes in Espeletia ): it contains only one species:
Tamania chardonii (ACSm.) Cuatrec. : It occurs in the Andes.

Tamananthus V.M.Badillo : it contains only one type:
Tamananthus crinitus V.M.Badillo : It occurs in Venezuela.

Tetragonotheca L .: The four or so species are distributed from the southern USA (all four species) to northern Mexico.

Tridax L .: The approximately 26 species are common in the Neotropic.

Trigonospermum Less. : The four or so species are distributed from Mexico to Central America.

Unxia L. f. : The three types are distributed from Panama to northern South America.

Tribe Neurolaeneae Rydb. (Syn .: Subtribus Neurolaeninae) (Rydb.) Stuessy, Turner & Powell : It contains about five genera:

Calea L .: The approximately 95 species are common in the Neotropic. Including:
- Dream herb ( Calea ternifolia Kunth ). It occurs in Central America.
Enydra Lour. : It contains three to ten species mainly in South America.
Greenmaniella W.M. Sharp. : It contains only one type:
- Greenmaniella resinosa (W. Watson) W. Sharp : It is common in Mexico.
Heptanthus Griseb. : The seven or so species occur only in Cuba.
Neurolaena R.Br. : The approximately nine species are distributed in Mexico, Central America and the Andes.

Tribus Perityleae B.G.Baldwin : It contains about seven genera have their center of biodiversity in Mexico:

Amauria Benth. : The two to three species are common in Mexico.
Eutetras A.Gray : The roughly two species are common in Mexico.
Galeana La Llave & Lex .: The roughly two species are common from Mexico to Costa Rica.
Lycapsus Phil .: It contains only one species:
- Lycapsus tenuifolius Phil .: This endemic occurs only on the Desventuradas islands on the islands of San Félix and San Ambrosio .
Pericome A.Gray : The only two species are distributed from the southwestern USA (one species) to northern Mexico.
Perityle Benth. : The approximately 66 species are distributed from the USA (35 species) to Mexico and South America.
Villanova Lag .: The ten or so species are distributed from Mexico through Central America to South America.

Tribus Polymnieae (H.Rob.) Panero (Syn .: Subtribus Polymniinae): It was established in 2002 and contains only one genus:

Polymnia L .: The only three or four species are common in central to eastern North America.

Tribus Tageteae Cass. : It contains 16 to 23 with about 216 species. The center of biodiversity is the arid Mexican highlands:

No tribe is assigned:

Symphyllocarpus Maxim. : It contains only one type:
- Symphyllocarpus exilis Maxim. : It occurs in Russia and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin .

(Some genera, such as thistles, have been assigned to the subfamily Carduoideae according to new phylogenetic findings .)

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The Asteraceae family with their subfamilies on the AP website . (Sections systematics and description)
The structure of the family with different authors.
Overview of the family and subfamily from the University of Hamburg. (German)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Vicki A. Funk, Alfonso Susanna, Tod F. Stuessy, Harold Robinson: Chapter 42: Classification of Compositae. Pp. 171-192: In: Vicki A. Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy, RJ Bayer (eds.): Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae. International Organization of Plant Taxonomy = IAPT, Vienna, 2009. Full text PDF. ( Memento of the original from October 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b Asteroideae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on 2019_12_07.
↑ ^a ^b Zhu Shi, Yilin Chen, Yousheng Chen, Yourun Lin (Ling Yuou-ruen), Shangwu Liu, Xuejun Ge, Tiangang Gao, Shixin Zhu, Ying Liu, Christopher J. Humphries, Qiner Yang, Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Michael G. Gilbert, Bertil Nordenstam, Norbert Kilian, Luc Brouillet, Irina D. Illarionova, DJ Nicholas Hind, Charles Jeffrey, Randall J. Bayer, Jan Kirschner, Werner Greuter, Arne A. Anderberg, John C. Semple, Jan Štěpánek, Susana Edith Freire, Ludwig Martins, Hiroshige Koyama, Takayuki Kawahara, Leszek Vincent, Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Günter Gottschlich: Asteraceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 . from p. 1 - online with the same text as the printed work.
↑ ^a ^b Asteroideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2019_12_07.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 19, 20 and 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteraceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, June 30, 2006, ISBN 0-19 -530565-5 . - online with the same text as the printed work.
↑ Harold E. Robinson, Edward E. Schilling, Jose L. Panero: Chapter 43: Eupatorieae. , 731-744: In: Vicki A. Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy, RJ Bayer (Eds.): Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae. International Organization of Plant Taxonomy = IAPT, Vienna, 2009. Full text PDF.
^ Edward E. Schilling, Jose L. Panero: A revised classification of subtribe Helianthinae (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) II. Derived lineages. , In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 167, Issue 3, 2011, pp. 311-331. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2011.01172.x
^ ^A ^b BL Turner: The Comps of Mexico. A Systematic Account of the Family Asteraceae. Chapter 12: Tribes Bahieae and Chaenactideae , In: Phytologia Memoirs , Volume 17, 2013.
^ Tribe Bahieae at Virtual Key to the Compositae Project = VKC of The International Compositae Alliance = TICA.
↑ ^a ^b ^c DJ Crawford, Mesfin Tadesse, Mark E. Mort, Rebecca T. Kimball, Christopher P. Randle: Chapter 42: Coreopsideae. , Pp. 747-777: In: VA Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy, RJ Bayer (Eds.): Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae. International Organization of Plant Taxonomy = IAPT, Vienna, 2009. Full text PDF.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Rebecca T. Kimball, Daniel J. Crawford: Phylogeny of Coreopsideae (Asteraceae) using ITS sequences suggests lability in reproductive characters. In. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 33, 2004, pp. 127-139.
↑ Dayle E. Saar, Neil O. Polans, Paul D. Sørensen: A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Dahlia (Asteraceae) Based on Internal and External Transcribed Spacer Regions of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Issue 3, 2003, pp. 627-639. JSTOR 25063902 doi : 10.1043 / 01-78.1 (currently unavailable)
↑ Kathleen A. Cariaga, John F. Pruski, Ramona Oviedo, Arne A. Anderberg, Carl E. Lewis, Javier Francisco-Ortega: Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered Genus Endemic to Cuba , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 33, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 193-202. doi : 10.1600 / 036364408783887348
^ Tribe Millerieae at Virtual Key to the Compositae Project = VKC of The International Compositae Alliance = TICA.
↑ Mauricio Diazgranados: A nomenclator for the frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae). In: PhytoKeys , Volume 16, August 20, 2012, pp. 1-52. doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.16.3186
↑ DJ Loockerman, BL Turner, R. K Jansen: Phylogenetic relationships within the Tageteae (Asteraceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast ndhF gene sequences. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 191-207. Full text on BioOne .

Web links

Commons : Asteroideae - collection of images, videos and audio files

The Compositae Genome Project website .