Gnaphalieae
Gnaphalieae | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Gnaphalieae | ||||||||||||
( Cass. ) Lecoq & Juill. |
The tribe gnaphalieae belongs to the subfamily Asteroideae within the plant family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). It contains about 184 to 187 genera with 1240 to over 2100 species .
description
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Anaphalis_margaritacea_Sturm29.jpg/220px-Anaphalis_margaritacea_Sturm29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Anaphalis_margaritacea_seed.jpg/220px-Anaphalis_margaritacea_seed.jpg)
Appearance and leaves
There are annual to perennial herbaceous plants or woody plants: Half bushes , shrubs . The annual species are more or less woolly hairy and often only reach heights of 1 to 10 cm.
The leaves are basal in rosettes or distributed on the stem, mostly alternate, rarely opposite, are stalked or sessile and mostly simple. The base of the petioles often runs down the stem. The leaf margins are usually smooth or rarely serrated. The leaves are often woolly or tomentose.
Inflorescences and flowers
The cup-shaped inflorescences are seldom individually, mostly on branched, corymbic , paniculate or racemose overall inflorescences . The flower heads are mostly disc-shaped. One or two or twelve thirty to more or less different in shape and size bracts are in mostly three together until more than ten rows, rarely missing. The bracts are often woolly haired, white or brightly colored (yellow, pink or purple) and their edges and / or tips are usually clearly paper-like. The flat to convex basket bottom is usually hairless.
In the cup-shaped inflorescence there are seldom ray florets and mostly only tubular florets. Only rarely are female, more or less zygomorphic flowers on the edge of the flower head interpreted as ray florets . Usually there are one to more than three rows, mostly female, often over 100 tubular flowers, which are mostly yellow or purple to whitish, they are also called ray flowers due to their location (note that these are tongue flowers in most of the other Asteraceae) ). The seldom only one to ten, usually more, disc-shaped florets are usually radially symmetrical tubular florets , which are hermaphroditic or functionally male and fertile with usually four, rarely five corolla lobes. The anthers are usually more or less tailed at their base and have appendages. Usually no appendages can be seen on the stylus.
fruit
All achenes of an infructescence are mostly the same; they are ovoid or obovate and smooth, hairy or papilose and usually two, three or five-ribbed. In this tribe there is usually a pappus made of mostly bearded to rarely feathery pappus bristles or scales, sometimes it is a combination of bristles and scales.
Systematics and distribution
The tribe Gnaphalieae was spun off from the formerly much larger tribe Inuleae . Closest related are the tribe Anthemideae , Astereae, and Calenduleae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae .
The taxa of the Gnaphalieae tribe are native to both the Old World and the New World . They thrive in tropical, subtropical, temperate, and arctic or alpine areas. The centers of biodiversity are the Capensis and Australia . Some species are neophytes in many countries around the world.
The greatest biodiversity is in South Africa with 174 genera, of which 80 only occur there, with a total of 2072 species. In Australia there are about 84 genera, of which 28 are monotypical and only ten with more than ten species, with a total of around 475 species. In South America there are 19 to 20 genera about 111 species. In North America , too, there are 19 genera with around 111 species. The subtribe Relhaniinae is only found in Africa with around 19 genera . In Pakistan there are about twelve genus with about 45 species. In the Eurasian part of the northern hemisphere there are only a few genus, for example Antennaria , Leontopodium and Gnaphalium .
The tribe Gnaphalieae is divided into five to six subtribes:
- Subtribe Angianthinae Benth. : All of the approximately 60 genera, with the exception of Craspedia (which is also found in New Zealand), only occur in Australia.
- Subtribus Cassiniinae Anderb. : It contains about 16 genera ( Anaphalis , Antennaria , Chionolaena , Gnaphaliothamnus ).
- Subtribus Filagininae O. Hoffm. : ( Filago , Logfia , Micropus , Psilocarphus , Stylocline )
- Subtribus Gnaphaliinae (Cass.) Dum. : It contains about 47 genera ( Achyrocline , Belloa , Berroa , Chevreulia , Cuatrecasasiella , Facelis , Gamochaetopsis , Helichrysum , Jalcophila , Lucilia , Luciliocline , Pseudognaphalium ).
- Subtribus Loricariinae Anderb. : It contains about six genera:
- Loricaria : Only in the Andes .
- Mniodes : Only in the Andes.
-
Pterygopappus : With only one species:
- Pterygopappus lawrencei Hook.f. : Only in Tasmania .
- Psychrophyton : New Zealand only.
- Raouliopsis : Only in Colombia .
-
Sinoleontopodium : With only one species:
- Sinoleontopodium lingianum Y.L.Chen : Only in China.
- Subtribe Relhaniinae Less. : The 19 or so genera ( Amphiglossa , Disparago , Elytropappus , Metalasia , Relhania , Stoebe and some small genera) occur only in Africa.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Antennaria_carpaticum.jpg/220px-Antennaria_carpaticum.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Elytropappus_rhinocerotis_-_Renosterbos_-_Cape_Town_1.jpg/220px-Elytropappus_rhinocerotis_-_Renosterbos_-_Cape_Town_1.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Filago_minima.jpeg/220px-Filago_minima.jpeg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Helichrysum_sanguineum_1.jpg/220px-Helichrysum_sanguineum_1.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Phagnalon_rupestre_2.jpg/220px-Phagnalon_rupestre_2.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Psilocarphus_tenellus.jpg/220px-Psilocarphus_tenellus.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Raoulia_hookeri_1.jpg/220px-Raoulia_hookeri_1.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Rhodanthe_chlorocephala_rosea_01.jpg/220px-Rhodanthe_chlorocephala_rosea_01.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Styloclinegnaphaloides.jpg/220px-Styloclinegnaphaloides.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Die_Strohblume%2C_lat._Helichrysum_bracteatum%2C_Xerochrysum_bracteatum%2C_Bracteantha_bracteata_11.jpg/220px-Die_Strohblume%2C_lat._Helichrysum_bracteatum%2C_Xerochrysum_bracteatum%2C_Bracteantha_bracteata_11.jpg)
Alphabetical list of genres
The tribe Gnaphalieae contains about 184 to 187 genera with 1240 to over 2100 species:
-
Acanthocladium F. Muell. : It contains only one type:
- Acanthocladium dockeri F. Muell. : It is common in Australia .
- Achyrocline (Less.) DC. : The 32or sospecies are distributed in Africa , Madagascar , Central and South America .
- Acomis F. Muell. : The three or so species are common in Australia.
- Actinobole Fenzl ex Endl. : The three or so species are common in Australia.
-
Alatoseta Compton : it contains only one species:
- Alatoseta tenuis Compton : It occurs only in the South African provinces of the North Cape and Western Cape .
- Aliella Qaiser & Lack : The three or so species are common in Africa.
-
Ammobium R.Br. : There are around three species common in Australia, for example:
- Paper button ( Ammobium alatum R.Br. )
- Amphiglossa DC. (Syn .: Pterothrix DC. ): The eleven or so species are mainly found in the South African provinces of the Northern and Western Cape, two species are also found in Namibia and one species is also found in the provinces of Eastern Cape , Free State , Mpumalanga , Northwest .
- Anaphalioides (Benth.) Kirp. : Of the approximately seven species, five are found in New Zealand and two in New Guinea .
- Anaphalis DC. : The 110or sospecies are mainly found in Central Asia and India . Only one species occurs ( Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. F. ) In North America.
- Anaxeton Gaertn. : The approximately ten species occur only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Ancistrocarphus A.Gray : The only two species are distributed from the southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico .
- Anderbergia B.Nord. : The approximately six species occur only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Anemocarpa Paul G.Wilson : There are about two species common in Australia.
- Angianthus J.C. Wendl . : The 15 or so species are common in Australia.
-
Anisochaeta DC. : It contains only one type:
- Anisochaeta mikanioides DC. : It occurs only in the South African provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape .
- Anisothrix O. Hoffm . : The only two species occur only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Katzenpfötchen ( Antennaria J.Gaertn. ): The 45 to 71 species are common in temperate and arctic / alpine regions, mainly in North America (34 species), Mexico and Eurasia , also a few species in South America.
-
Antithrixia DC. : It contains only one type:
- Antithrixia flavicoma DC. : It occurs only in Namaqualand (Western Cape).
-
Apalochlamys Cass. : It contains only one type:
- Apalochlamys spectabilis (Labill.) Steud. : It is common in Australia.
- Argentipallium Paul G.Wilson : The six or so species are common in Australia.
-
Argyroglottis Turcz. : It contains only one type:
- Argyroglottis turbinata Turcz. : It is common in Australia.
- Argyrotegium J.M.Ward, Breitw. & C.Flann : The genus, newly published in 2003, is distributed in Australia with about four species.
-
Arrowsmithia DC. : It contains only one type:
- Arrowsmithia styphelioides DC. : It occurs only in the South African province of Eastern Cape.
-
Artemisiopsis S.Moore : It contains only one species:
- Artemisiopsis villosa (O.Hoffm.) Schweick. : It is common in tropical and southern Africa.
- Asteridea Lindl. : The six or so species are common in Australia.
- Athrixia Ker Gawl. : The approximately 14 species are distributed in the Capensis (nine species), in tropical Africa and Madagascar.
-
Atrichantha Hilliard & BLBurtt : It contains only one species:
- Atrichantha gemmifera ( Bolus ) Hilliard & BLBurtt : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Balladonia P.S.Short : It was established in 2016 and contains only two species that are only found in the Australian state of Western Australia .
-
Basedowia Pritzel : It contains only one type:
- Basedowia tenerrima (F.Muell. & Tate) JMBlack : It is common in Australia.
-
Bellida Ewart : It contains only one species:
- Bellida graminea Ewart : It is common in Australia.
- Belloa Remy : The nine or so species are common in South America.
-
Berroa Beauverd : it contains only one species:
- Berroa gnaphalioides ( Less. ) Beauverd : It is common in Australia.
- Blennospora A.Gray : The three or so species are distributed in southern Australia.
- Bombycilaena (DC.) Smolyan. : The threeor sospecies arewidespreadin Eurasia and North America .
-
Bryomorphic Harv. : It contains only one type:
- Bryomorphhe aretioides ( Turcz. ) Druce : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Callilepis DC. : The roughly five species distributed in Swaziland and in the South African provinces of Gauteng , KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo , Mpumalanga , Free State , Northern and Eastern Cape.
- Calocephalus R.Br. sl: The ten or so species occur in Australia.
-
Calomeria Vent. : It contains only one species:
- Calomeria amaranthoides Vent. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria.
-
Calotesta P.O.Karis : It contains only one species:
- Calotesta alba P.O.Karis : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Cassinia R.Br. : The twenty or so species are common in Australia.
-
Castroviejoa Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí : It was set up in 2004 and there are around two species only in the western Mediterranean area:
- Corsican straw flower ( Castroviejoa frigida (Labill.) Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí ): This endemic occurs only in Corsica .
- Castroviejoa montelinasana (Em.Schmid) Galbany, L.Sáez & Benedí : This endemic occurs only in Sardinia .
- Catatia Humbert : There are about two species in Madagascar.
-
Cephalipterum A.Gray : It contains only one species:
- Cephalipterum drummondii A.Gray : It is common in Australia.
-
Cephalosorus A.Gray : It contains only one species:
- Cephalosorus carpesioides (Turcz.) PSShort : It is common in Australia.
-
Chamaepus Wagenitz : It contains only one species:
- Chamaepus afghanicus Wagenitz : The home is Afghanistan .
- Chevreulia Cass. : The six or so species are common in South America.
- Chiliocephalum Benth. : The one or two types are common in Africa.
- Chionolaena DC. : The eleven or so species are distributed in Central and South America.
-
Chondropyxis D.A.Cooke : It contains only one type:
- Chondropyxis halophila D.A. Cooke : It is common in Australia.
- Chrysocephalum Walp. : The seven or so species are common in Australia.
- Chthonocephalus Steetz : The four or so species are common in Australia.
- Cladochaeta DC. : The roughly two species are common in Eurasia.
- Comborhiza Anderb. & K.Bremer : There are roughly two species in Africa.
- Coronidium Paul G.Wilson : The genus, newly published in 2008, is distributed in Australia with around 17 species.
- Craspedia G. Forest. (Syn .: Pycnosorus Benth. ): The approximately 23 species are distributed in Australia and New Zealand .
-
Cremnothamnus C.F. Puttock : It contains only one species:
- Cremnothamnus thomsonii ( F.Muell. ) CFPuttock : It is common in Australia.
- Cuatrecasasiella H.Rob. : The approximately two types are common in South America.
-
Cymbolaena Smolyan. : It contains only one type:
- Cymbolaena griffithii (A.Gray) Wagenitz : It is widespread in south-western and central Asia.
-
Decazesia F. Muell. : It contains only one type:
- Decazesia hecatocephala F. Muell. : It is common in Australia.
-
Denekia Thunb. : It contains only one type:
- Denekia capensis Thunb. : It occurs in the Capensis and further north.
- Diaperia Nuttall: The approximately three types are distributed from the central USA to northern Mexico.
-
Dielitzia P.S.Short : it contains only one type:
- Dielitzia tysonii P.S.Short : It is distributed in Australia.
- Disparago Gaertn. : The approximately nine species are common in the Capensis.
- Dithyrostegia A.Gray : The roughly two types are common in Australia.
-
Dolichothrix Hilliard & BLBurtt : It contains only one species:
- Dolichothrix ericoides (Lam.) Hilliard & BLBurtt : It occurs only in the South African provinces of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape.
- Edmondia Cass. : The only three species occur only in the South African Western Cape.
- Elytropappus Cass. : The eight or so species are common in the Capensis.
-
Epitriche Turcz. : It contains only one type:
- Epitriche demissus (A.Gray) PSShort : It is common in Australia.
- Eriochlamys Sond. & F.Muell. : The one to four types are common in Australia.
- Erymophyllum Paul G.Wilson : The five or so species are common in Australia.
- Euchiton Cass. : The approximately 17 species are distributed in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and in eastern Asia. Some species are neophytes in many regions of the world.
-
Evacidium pomel : it contains only one type:
- Evacidium discolor (DC.) Maire : It is distributed in south-east Europe and North Africa.
- Ewartia Beauverd : The four or so species are common in Australia.
-
Ewartiothamnus Anderb. : It contains only one type:
- Ewartiothamnus sinclairii ( Hook. F. ) Anderb. : It is based in New Zealand.
- Facelis Cass. : The three to four species are common in North and South America, Africa and Australia.
-
Feldstonia P.S.Short : It contains only one species:
- Feldstonia nitens P.S.Short : It is common in Australia.
- Felt herbs ( Filago L. ): The 12 to 46 species are mainly found in the Mediterranean region (North Africa and Europe) and in western Asia, as well as on Atlantic islands. Individual species are neophytes in some regions of the world.
-
Fitzwillia P.S. Short : It contains only one species:
- Fitzwillia axilliflora ( Ewart & Jean White ) PSShort : It is common in Australia.
- Galeomma Rauschert : The only two types are common in the Capensis.
- Gamochaeta Wedd. : The 50 to 52 species are naturally common in the New World. The center of biodiversity is South America; there are also twelve species in North America. In many parts of the world, some species are neophytes and are considered invasive plants .
-
Gamochaetopsis anderb . & Freire : It contains only one species:
- Gamochaetopsis alpina ( Poepp. & Endl. ) Anderb. & Freire : It is common in South America.
-
Gilberta Turcz. : It contains only one type:
- Gilberta tenuifolia Turcz. : It is common in Australia.
-
Gilruthia Ewart : It contains only one species:
- Gilruthia osbornii Ewart & Jean White (Syn .: Calocephalus skeatsianus Ewart & Jean White ): It occurs only in the Australian state of Western Australia .
- Gnaphaliothamnus Kirp. : The ten or so species are common in Central America, especially Mexico.
- Ruhr herbs ( Gnaphalium L. ): It is distributed almost worldwide with around 38 to 200 species.
- Gnephosis Cass. s. st. (Syn .: Chrysocoryne Endl. , Pachysurus Steetz ): The eight or so species are common in Australia.
-
Gnomophalium Greuter : It contains only one species:
- Gnomophalium pulvinatum ( Delile ) Greuter : It is common in North Africa and Asia.
-
Gratwickia F. Muell. : It contains only one type:
- Gratwickia monochaeta F. Muell. : It is common in Australia.
- Haeckeria F. Muell. : The three or so species are common in southeastern Australia.
-
Haegiela P.S. Short & Paul G.Wilson : It contains only one species:
- Haegiela tatei ( F.Muell. ) PSShort & Paul G.Wilson : It is common in Australia.
- Haptotrichion Paul G.Wilson : The roughly two types are common in western Australia.
-
Helichrysopsis Kirp. : It contains only one type:
- Helichrysopsis septentrionale (Vatke) Hilliard : It is common in the Capensis.
- Everlasting flowers ( Helichrysum Mill. ) (Syn .: Elichrysum Mill. Orth. Var. Leontonyx Cass. , Virginea (DC.) Nicoli ): The approximately 600 species are almost worldwide, mainly in the Old World, especially in Africa and Madagascar. There are 244 species in the Capensis.
- Hesperevax (A.Gray) A.Gray : The approximately three species are common in the southwestern United States.
-
Homognaphalium Kirp. : It contains only one (or two) types:
- Homognaphalium pulvinatum ( Delile ) Fayed & Zareh : It is distributed in North Africa, Sudan , Southwest Asia to India and Pakistan .
-
Humeocline Anderb. : It contains only one type:
- Humeocline madagascariensis ( Humbert ) Anderb. : It is native to Madagascar.
-
Hyalochlamys A.Gray : it contains only one species:
- Hyalochlamys globifera A.Gray : It is only found in Western Australia .
- Hyalosperma Steetz : The nine or so species are common in Australia.
-
Hydroidea P.O.Karis : It contains only one species:
- Hydroidea elsiae (Hilliard) POKaris : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Ifloga Cass. : The 6 to 15 species are distributed from Africa to the Middle East and the Canary Islands. Four of them in the Capensis.
-
Ixiolaena Benth. : It contains only one type:
- Ixiolaena viscosa Benth. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
- Ixodia R.Br. : The two or three types are common in Australia.
- Jalcophila M.O.Dillon & Sagást. : With three species in the Andes of Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador
- Lachnospermum Willd. : The three species occur only in the South African province of Western Cape.
-
Langebergia Anderb. : It contains only one type:
- Langebergia canescens ( DC. ) Anderb. : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Lasiopogon Cass. : All eight species are found in the Capensis, but some are also found in North Africa, the Middle East, Spain, India and Pakistan.
- Lawrencella Lindl. : The only two types are common in Australia.
- Leiocarpa Paul G.Wilson : The genus newly published in 2001 is common in Australia and Madagascar.
-
Lemoorea P.S.Short : it contains only one type:
- Lemoorea burkittii (Benth.) PSShort : It is common in Australia.
- Edelweiss ( Leontopodium R.Br. ex Cass. ): The approximately 30 to 58 species are distributed in Asia, Europe and North America. There are also some natural hybrids . There are 36 species in China, 18 of which are only found there. There are nine species in Nepal , eight species in Pakistan and four species in Russia.
- Lepidostephium Oliv. : The only two types are common in the Capensis.
- Leptorhynchos Less. : The ten or so species are common in Australia.
- Leptotriche Turcz. : The twelve or so species are common in Australia.
- Leucochrysum (DC.) Paul G.Wilson : The five or so species are common in southern Australia.
- Leucogenes Beauverd : The only two species occur only in New Zealand.
-
Leucophyta R.Br. : It contains only one type:
- Barbed wire plant or silver basket ( Leucophyta brownii Cass. , Syn .: Calocephalus brownii (Cass.) F. Muell ): It thrives in Australia on the coasts of southwestern Western Australia , South Australia , Victoria and Tasmania .
- Leysera L .: Of the only three species, one species ( Leysera leyseroides (Desf.) Maire ) occurs from North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East and in Spain and Pakistan ( Baluchistan ). The other two species are only found in the Capensis.
- Logfia Cass. : Of the approximately twelve species, six are distributed in North America, also distributed in northern Mexico, Europe, Asia and northern Africa. Especially in South America and the Pacific Islands, but also in other parts of the world, some species are neophytes.
- Loricaria Wedd. : The 20 or so species are common in the Andes .
- Lucilia Cass. : The eight or so species are common in South America.
- Luciliocline Anderb. & Freire : The approximately 13 species thrive at higher altitudes in the Andes from Venezuela to Chile and Argentina .
- Macowania Olive. : Of the approximately twelve species, ten are native to the Capensis and the other two on the Arabian Peninsula and Ethiopia .
- Metalasia R.Br. : The approximately 52 species are only common in the Capensis. 47 species are endemic to the Western Cape. The remaining five species are more common in the Capensis, but only three of them are not found in the Western Cape.
- Mexerion G.L.Nesom : The only two species are common in Mexico.
- Micropsis DC. : The approximately five species are common in southern South America. One species occurs, presumably introduced, in the south-central USA.
- Micropus L. The approximately five species are distributed in the western USA, northwest Mexico, southern Europe, southwest Asia and North Africa.
- Millotia Cass. (Syn .: Scyphocoronis A. Gray , Toxanthes Turcz. ): The ten or so species are common in Australia.
- Mniodes (A. Gray) Benth. : The five or so species thrive only in the Andes of Peru.
- Myriocephalus Benth. : The ten or so species are common in Australia.
-
Neotysonia Dalla Torre & Harms : It contains only one species:
- Neotysonia phyllostegia (F.Muell.) & PGWilson : It is common in southwestern Australia.
-
Nestlera Spreng. : It contains only one type:
- Nestlera biennis (Jacq.) Spreng. : It occurs only in the South African provinces in the North Cape and Western Cape.
-
Notisia P.S.Short : It was set up in 2016 and contains only one type:
- Notisia intonsa (S.Moore) PSShort (Syn .: Gnephosis intonsa S.Moore ): This endemic occurs only in southwestern Western Australia .
- Odixia Orchard : The only two species occur only in Tasmania .
- Oedera L .: The 18 species occur only in the South African provinces of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape.
- Omalotheca Cass .: The eight to ten species are mainly found in Eurasia ; three types occur in North America.
-
Oreoleysera K.Bremer : It contains only one species:
- Oreoleysera montana (Bolus) K.Bremer : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
-
Oxylaena Benth. ex Anderb. : It contains only one type:
- Oxylaena acicularis (Benth.) Anderb. : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Ozothamnus R.Br. : The approximately 50 species are common in Australia and New Caledonia.
-
Parantennaria Beauverd : It contains only one dioecious species:
- Parantennaria uniceps (F.Muell.) Beauverd : It occurs in the mountains of eastern Australia.
- Pentatrichia Klatt : The four species are common in the Capensis.
-
Petalacte D.Don : It contains only one species:
- Petalacte coronata D.Don : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
-
Phaenocoma D.Don : It contains only one species:
- Phaenocoma prolifera (L.) D.Don : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
-
Stone immortelles ( Phagnalon Cass. ): The 36 to 43 species distributed from central Asia over the Himalayas to western Asia, Europe ( southern France and northern Italy ), northern Africa and Macaronesia , including:
- Greek stone immortelle ( Phagnalon graecum Boiss. & Heldr. ): It is also put by some authors as a subspecies of Phagnalon rupestre .
- Phagnalon pygmaeum (Sieber) Greuter
- Common stone immortelle ( Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC. ): With several subspecies.
- Rock-stone immortelle ( Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass. )
- Multi-headed stone immortelle ( Phagnalon sordidum (L.) Rchb.)
-
Philyrophyllum O. Hoffm. : It contains only two types:
- Philyrophyllum brandbergense P.PJHerman : It occurs only in Namibia and was first described in 2004.
- Philyrophyllum schinzii O. Hoffm. : It is widespread in Africa.
- Pithocarpa Lindl. : The roughly two species are common in western and southwestern Australia.
-
Planea P.O.Karis : It contains only one species:
- Planea schlechteri (L.Bolus) POKaris : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
- Plecostachys Hilliard & BLBurtt : The roughly two species are distributed in the South African provinces of the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. There is also a report from Swazilandfrom Plecostachys polifolia (Thunb.) Hilliard & BLBurtt .
- Pleuropappus F. Muell. : The only two types are common in the Capensis.
- Podolepis Labill. : The 20 or so species are common in Australia.
- Podotheca Cass. : The six or so species are common in Australia.
- Pogonolepis Steetz : The roughly two species distributed in Australia.
-
Polycalymma F. Muell. & Sond. : It contains only one type:
- Polycalymma stuartii F. Muell. & Sond. : It is common in Australia.
- Printzia Cass .: The three species are common in the Capensis.
- Translucent gnaphalium ( Pseudognaphalium Kirp. ): The 80 to 100 species are distributed mainly in Central and South America. There are 21 species in North America. There are also some species in Africa, Asia and Europe. They mainly thrive in temperate regions.
- Psilocarphus Nutt. : The five or so Neotropical species are common in western North America, northwestern Mexico, and southern South America.
- Psychrophyton Beauverd : The ten or so species occur only in New Zealand .
-
Pterochaeta Steetz : It only contains one species:
- Pterochaeta paniculata Steetz : It occurs in southwestern Australia.
-
Pterygopappus Hook. f. : It contains only one type:
- Pterygopappus lawrencei Hook. f. : It only occurs in Tasmania.
-
Quinetia Cass. : It contains only one species.
- Quinetia urvillei Cass. : It occurs in southern and southwestern Australia.
-
Quinqueremulus Paul G.Wilson : It contains only one species:
- Quinqueremulus linearis Paul G.Wilson : It occurs in western Australia.
-
Rachelia J.M.Ward & Breitw. : It contains only one type:
- Rachelia glaria J.M.Ward & Breitw. : It only occurs in New Zealand.
- Raoulia Hook. f. : The approximately 26 species occur in New Guinea and New Zealand.
- Raouliopsis S.F.Blake : The only two species thrive in the Andes in Colombia .
- Relhania L'Herit. : The approximately 13 species are common in the Capensis.
- Rhetinocarpha Paul G.Wilson & MAWilson : The genus, newly published in 2006, occurs in western Australia.
- Rhodanthe Lindl. : The 46 or so species are common in Australia.
- Rhynchopsidium DC. : The only two species occur only in the South African provinces of the North Cape and Western Cape.
- Rosenia Thunb. : The approximately four species are common in the Capensis.
- Rutidosis DC. : The seven or so species are common in Australia.
- Schoenia Steetz : The five or so species are common in Australia.
- Seriphium L .: The approximately three species are common in the Capensis.
- Siloxerus Labill. : The four or so species are distributed in southwestern Australia, one of which is also found in Tasmania.
-
Sinoleontopodium Y.L.Chen : According to Flora of China 2011 it contains only one species:
- Sinoleontopodium lingianum Y.L.Chen (Syn .: Leontopodium lingianum (YLChen) Dickoré ): It only thrives at extreme altitudes of 4500 to 4900 meters only in Milin in the Tibet Autonomous Region .
- Sondottia P.S.Short : There are about two species common in Australia.
- Stenocline DC. : The three or so species occur in Madagascar or Mauritius.
- Stenophalium Anderb. : The four or so species are common in Brazil.
- Stoebe L .: The 25 or so species are distributed in Africa and Madagascar, 21 of which are found in the Capensis.
- Stuartina Sond. : The roughly two species are common in southern and eastern Australia.
- Stuckertiella Beauverd : The two types are common in Argentina.
- Stylocline Nutt. : The approximately seven species are distributed from the southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico.
- Syncarpha DC. : The 30 or so species are common in southern Africa.
- Syncephalum DC. : The five or so species occur only in Madagascar.
-
Taplinia Lander : It contains only one species:
- Taplinia saxatilis Lander : It is common in western Australia.
-
Tenrhynea Hilliard & BLBurtt : It contains only one species:
- Tenrhynea phylicifolia (DC.) Hilliard & BLBurtt : It is common in southern Africa.
- Thiseltonia Hemsl. : The roughly two types are common in western Australia.
-
Tietkensia P.S. Short : it contains only one species:
- Tietkensia corrickiae P.S.Short : It is distributed in Australia.
- Trichanthodium Sond. & F.Muell. : The four or so species are common in Australia.
- Trichogyne Less. (sometimes in Ifloga Cass. ): The nine or so species are common in the Capensis.
-
Triptilodiscus Turcz. : It contains only one type:
- Triptilodiscus pygmaeus Turcz. : It is common to Australia.
- Troglophyton Hilliard & BLBurtt : The six or so species are common in the Capensis.
- Vellereophyton Hilliard & BLBurtt : The seven or so species are common in the Capensis.
- Waitzia J.C. Wendl . : The five or so species are common in Australia.
-
Xerochrysum Tzvelev : The six or so species are common in Australia. Including:
- Garden straw flower ( Xerochrysum bracteatum (Ventenat) Tzvelev ): It is cultivated as an ornamental plant around the world and is overgrown in many areas.
swell
- Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 415 (English). text same online as the printed work. (Section description and systematics)
- M. Qaiser, Rubina Abid: Flora of Pakistan 210: Asteraceae (II) - Inuleae, Plucheeae & Gnaphalieae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany u. a., Karachi et al. a., 2003, online. (engl.)
- Chen Yousheng, Zhu Sixin, Randall J. Bayer: Tribe Gnaphalieae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , pp. 774 (English). , same text online as the printed work.
- Randall J. Bayer, Christopher F. Puttock, Scot A. Kelchner: Phylogeny of South African Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) based on two noncoding chloroplast sequences. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 87, No. 2, 2000, pp. 259-272, doi : 10.2307 / 2656914 , full text .
- Jose L. Panero, Vicki A. Funk: Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Volume 115, No. 4, 2002, pp. 909-922, online .
- OM Hillard, BL Burtt: Some generic concepts in Compositae - Gnaphaliinae. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 82, No. 3, 2008, pp. 181-232, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.1981.tb00958.x
- José L. Panero, Vicki A. Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 47, No. 2, 2008, pp. 757-782, DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2008.02.011 , PDF file .
- Michael O. Dillon: Classification and Phylogeny of the South American Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). Andean Botanical Information System, 2000, online .
- Michael O. Dillon: New combinations in Luciliocline with notes on South American Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). In: Arnaldoa. Volume 10, No. 1, 2003, pp. 45-60, online.
- Arne A. Anderberg: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). In: Opera Botanica. Volume 104, 1991.
- Iziko Museums of Cape Town (Ed.): Biodiversityexplorer. The Web of Life in Southern Africa. Tribe: Gnaphalieae. Accessed February 3, 2011.
- Randall J. Bayer, David G. Greber, Neil H. Bagnall: Phylogeny of Australian Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) Based on Chloroplast and Nuclear Sequences, the trnL Intron, trnL / trnF Intergenic Spacer, matK, and ETS. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 27, No. 4, 2002, pp. 801-814, DOI: 10.1043 / 0363-6445-27.4.801 , PDF file.
- Rob D. Smissen, Mercè Galbany-Casals, Ilse Breitwieser: Ancient allopolyploidy in the everlasting daisies (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae): Complex relationships among extant clades. In: Taxon. Volume 60, No. 3, 2011, pp. 649-662, abstract .
Individual evidence
- ^ Jose L. Panero, Vicki A. Funk: Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Volume 115, No. 4, 2002, pp. 909-922, online.
- ↑ a b Kerry A. Ford: Origin and Biogeography of New Zealand Craspedia (Compositae: Gnaphalieae). PhD thesis 2004, PDF file.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Philip Sydney Short : Notes concerning the classification of species included in Calocephalus R.Br. s.lat. and Gnephosis Cass. s.lat. (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae), with descriptions of new genera and species. In: Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens , Volume 29, 2016, pp. 147-220.
- ↑ a b Mercè Galbany ‐ Casals, Núria Garcia ‐ Jacas, Llorenç Sáez, Carles Benedí, Alfonso Susanna: Phylogeny, biogeography, and character evolution in Mediterranean, Asiatic, and Macaronesian Helichrysum (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) inferred from nuclear phylogenetic analyzes. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 170, Issue 3, 2009, pp. 365-380. JSTOR 10.1086 / 596332
- ↑ Paul G. Wilson: Coronidium, a new Australian genus in the gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). In: Nuytsia. Volume 18, 2008, p. 325, PDF file .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant- Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b c Chen Yousheng, Zhu Sixin, Randall J. Bayer: Tribe Gnaphalieae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 , pp. 774 (English). , same text online as the printed work.
- ^ Arne A. Anderberg: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). In: Opera Botanica. Volume 104, 1991, p. 125.
- ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Phagnalon In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ NC Bergh, CH Trisos, G. A Verboom: Phylogeny of the "Ifloga clade" (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae), a lineage occurring disjointly in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, and inclusion of Trichogyne in synonymy with Ifloga. In: Taxon , Volume 60, Issue 4, 2011, pp. 1065-1075.