Raoulia
| Raoulia | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raoulia hectori var. Mollis |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Raoulia | ||||||||||||
| Hook.f. ex Raoul |
Raoulia is a plant genus in the family of Asteraceae . The approximately 26 species are mainlynativeto New Zealand and thrive in the alpine climate zone ; some species are common in New Guinea . Some species and hybrids are used as ornamental plants . Because of its appearance, which is reminiscent of the sheep that are common in New Zealand, the species Raoulia bryoides in particular, but also, for example, Raoulia mammillaris and Raoulia rubra , there also vegetable sheep (directly translated "vegetable sheep") is called; however, this name is also used for species from the genus Haastia .
description
Raoulia TYPES grow depending on the type more or less dense lawn, carpet or pad-like manner as a perennial herbaceous plants to half bushes . In many species more or less large cushions emerge from the creeping and rooting shoot axes , in which the leaf rosettes can be seen on the surface. The mostly relatively small leaves stand together in more or less dense rosettes .
Terminal, at most on short inflorescence shafts are individually cup-shaped inflorescences . The disc-shaped cups contain two different flowers. The dry-skinned to membranous bracts can usually have white tips. The relatively small inflorescence base has a honeycomb-shaped surface and no chaff leaves . The outer flowers are female and their thread-like corolla ends in two to five corolla lobes. The disc florets are hermaphroditic and fertile or sometimes sterile, their corolla tube ends in five corolla lobes. The anthers are arrow-shaped at their base. The two branches of the style of the disc-shaped petals are truncated and papilose .
The more or less elongated achenes are bald to fluffy to bristly hairy or papilose. The pappus has 50 to 150 hairs in several rows (in all species of the subgenus Raoulia ) or 15 to 25 in a row (in all species of the subgenus Psychrophyton ).
Systematics
The genus Raoulia was established in 1846 by Joseph Dalton Hooker in Édouard Fiacre Louis Raoul : Choix des Plantes de la Nouvelle-Zélande , p. 20. Type species is Raoulia australis Hook.f. The Raoulia species are closely related to the genus Gnaphalium and for some time they were also incorporated into this genus as a section: Gnaphalium sect. Raoulia (Raoul) Baill. , in Henri Ernest Baillon : Histoire des Plantes , 1882, p. 8. The generic name honors the French naval doctor and botanist Étienne Fiacre Louis Raoul (1815–1852).
The genus Raoulia belongs to the tribe Gnaphalieae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae .
The genus Raoulia is divided into three sub-genera and several sections:
- Subgenus Raoulia (Syn .: Eu-Raoulia Beauverd ): The pappus has 50 to 150 hairs in several rows, which are thin and not flattened:
- Radiatae section
- Section Eradiatae
- Subgenus Mistura : The pappus hairs are different, some are similar to those of the subgenus Raoulia and the others are similar to the subgenus Psychrophyton .
- Subgenus Psychrophyton : The pappus has 15 to 25 hairs in a row, which are flattened and club-shaped:
- Acuminatae section
- Section Trinerves
- Rotundatae section
- Truncatae Section
There are about 26 species of Raoulia with information on the number of chromosomes:
- Raoulia albosericea Colenso : 2n = 56
- Raoulia apicinigra Kirk : 2n = 28
- Raoulia australis Hook.f. ex Raoul : 2n = 56, 112. It occurs in New Zealand.
- Raoulia beauverdii Cockayne : 2n = 56. It occurs on the South Island of New Zealand only east of Canterbury to Southland.
- Raoulia bryoides Hook.f. : 2n = 28
- Raoulia buchananii Kirk : 2n = 28
- Raoulia catipes (DC.) Hook.f.
- Raoulia chiliastra Mattf. : It was first described by New Guinea.
- Raoulia cinerea Petrie : 2n = 28. This endemic occurs on the South Island of New Zealand only on the mountains at the upper reaches of the Awatere River.
- Raoulia eximia Hook.f. : 2n = 28. It occurs in the South Island of New Zealand mainly east of the main ridge of Marlborough to north of Southland.
- Raoulia glabra Hook.f. : 2n = 28
- Raoulia goyenii Kirk : 2n = 28. It is endemic to the Stewart Islands .
- Raoulia grandiflora Hook.f. : 2n = 28. It occurs on the North and South Island of New Zealand from Mt. Hikurangi southwards.
- Raoulia haastii Hook.f. : 2n = 28
- Raoulia hectorii Hook.f.
- Raoulia hookeri Allan
- Raoulia mammillaris Hook.f. : 2n = 28. It occurs on the South Island of New Zealand.
- Raoulia monroi Hook.f. : 2n = 28. It occurs on the South Island of New Zealand. Your stocks are decreasing.
- Raoulia parkii Buchanan : 2n = 84. It occurs on the South Island of New Zealand.
- Raoulia petriensis Kirk : 2n = 28. It occurs on the South Island of New Zealand. This species is of course rare.
- Raoulia planchonii (Hook.f.) Hook.f. ex Benth. : It was first described by Tasmania.
- Raoulia rubra Buchanan : 2n = 28
- Raoulia subsericea Hook.f. : It was first described from New Zealand.
- Raoulia subulata Hook.f. : 2n = 56. It occurs in the South Island of New Zealand mainly east of the main ridge from Nelson to Southland.
- Raoulia tenuicaulis Hook.f. : 2n = 28
- Raoulia youngii (Hook.f.) Beauverd : 2n = 28
There is also the genus hybrid Raoulia mammillaris Hook.f. × Leucogenes grandiceps (Hook.f.) Beauverd.
Web links
- Flora of New Zealand , Volume 1: Raoulia on Flora of New Zealand Series - Electronic Format. (Section description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Alec Lindsay Poole: Vegetable Sheep . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed December 15, 2015]).
- ^ A b Raoulia australis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ A b New Zealand Plant Conservation Network , search for "Raoulia," Retrieved March 5, 2012
- ↑ Raoulia bryoides: Vegetable Sheep
- ^ Raoulia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ Assessment of the accepted species in the Global Compositae Checklist .