Felt herbs

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Felt herbs
Feltwort (Filago arvensis)

Feltwort ( Filago arvensis )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Gnaphalieae
Genre : Felt herbs
Scientific name
Filago
L.

The Filzkräuter ( Filago ) are a plant kind from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

description

Filago subgen. Filago : Illustration of the yellowish felt herb ( Filago lutescens )
Filago subgen. Filago : Filago desertorum
Filago subgen. Filago : German felt herb ( Filago germanica )
Filago subgen. Filago : dwarf dolphin ( Filago pygmaea )

Vegetative characteristics

Filago species are always annual herbaceous plants . They grow upright to creeping and, depending on the species, reach heights of seldom 1 to, usually 5 to 40 centimeters. In many species all parts of the plant are hairy.

The alternate and usually spirally arranged leaves on the stem are more or less sessile. The leaves are more or less glabrous to hairy on top, but always hairy on the underside, often gray-white tomentose or woolly. The entire to wavy leaf blade is spatulate, linear, lanceolate to more or less round, with or without an attached tip (an important characteristic of the species).

Generative characteristics

The flower heads are grouped individually or in clusters of twos up to about 40 and arranged in racemose , trugdoldigen or paniculate inflorescences . Bracts are missing or there are one to four unequal; with or without awns (an important characteristic of the species). The inflorescence bases are cylindrical to club-shaped and (rarely two to) five to fifteen times higher than their diameter. There are chaff leaves. On the outside of the flower head there are three to eight rows (12 to) 27 to over 40 female, fertile flowers and in the middle usually two to nine (one to eleven) hermaphrodite, fertile flowers (there are no purely male flowers). The corolla tubes end in four to five corolla lobes.

The egg-shaped, brown achenes that form from the outer flowers often have no pappus, those from the inner flowers have a pappus of rarely 3 to, usually 13 to 31, bristles connected in a ring.

Systematics and occurrence

The genus Filago was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Type species of the genus Filago is Filago pyramidata L. The synonyms for Filago L. Gifola Cass. and Oglifa Cass. are anagrams , as are the names of the independent genera Lifago Schweinfurth & Muschler , Ifloga Cass. and Logfia Cass. , the separation of which is also confirmed by new molecular phylogenetic studies.

The genus Filago belongs to the subtribe Filagininae O. Hoffm. from the tribe Gnaphalieae (Cass.) Lecoq & Juillet in the subfamily Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

Filago species are mainly found in the Mediterranean (North Africa and Southern Europe) and in western Asia, and they are also found in the rest of Europe and on the Atlantic Islands. In some regions of the world , individual species are neophytes , sometimes aggressive invasive plants . They thrive in sufficiently moist habitats in arid , semi-arid, Mediterranean, humid-temperate to subtropical areas.

The Filago species are relatively difficult to distinguish from one another. Some species are quite rare and belong to the protected species on the “Red Lists” in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Today there are about 12 to 40 (previously 23 to 46) species in the genus Filzkräuter ( Filago ), which are divided into four subgenera:

Logfia clementei
Lesser feltwort ( Logfia minima )
Logfia filaginoides

The following were placed in the genus Logfia :

  • Logfia clementei (Willk.) Holub (Syn. Filago clementei Willk. ): It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Spain and Lanzarote.
  • French feltwort ( Logfia gallica (L.) Dumort. , Syn. Filago gallica L. ): It is a type of the genus Logfia . It is originally found in Madeira, North Africa, Europe and the Middle East and is probably a neophyte in the Azores and Canaries.
  • Logfia heterantha (Raf.) Holub (Syn. Filago heterantha (Raf.) Guss. ): It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Sardinia and Sicily.
  • Little feltwort ( Logfia minima (Sm.) Dumort. , Syn .: Filago minima (Sm.) Pers. )

The following North American species were also included in Logfia :

  • Logfia arizonica (A.Gray) Holub (Syn. Filago arizonica A.Gray ): It occurs in Arizona, California and Mexico.
  • Logfia filaginoides (Hooker & Arnott) Morefield (Syn. Filago californica Nutt. ): It occurs in Texas, Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Mexico.
  • Logfia depressa (A.Gray) Holub (Syn. Filago depressa A.Gray ): It occurs in Nevada, Arizona, California and Mexico.

The following also no longer belong to the genus Filago :

swell

  • James D. Morefield: Filago. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 447 (English, online ).
  • Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore): Filago . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009, accessed July 19, 2012.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, pp. 927, 1199 and 1230 (unnumbered), digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D927%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  2. ^ A b Mark Isaak: Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature. Wordplay: Anagrams. 2002-2011, accessed July 19, 2012.
  3. ↑ Mercè Galbany-Casals, Santiago Andrés-Sánchez, Núria Garcia-Jacas, Alfonso Susanna, Enrique Rico, María Montserrat Martínez-Ortega: How many of Cassini anagrams should there be? Molecular systematics and phylogenetic relationships in the Filago group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae), with special focus on the genus Filago. In: Taxon. Volume 59, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1671-1689, abstract, PDF file .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore) : Filago . In: Werner Greuter , Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009, last accessed on February 28, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b Santiago Andrés-Sánchez, Mercè Galbany-Casals, Enrique Rico, María Montserrat Martínez-Ortega: A nomenclatural treatment for Logfia Cass. and Filago L. (Asteraceae) as newly circumscribed: Typification of several names. In: Taxon. Volume 60, No. 2, 2011, pp. 572-576, abstract .
  6. ↑ a b c d James D. Morefield: Logfia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 443 (English, online ).
  7. ↑ Filago in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Filzkräuter ( Filago )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files