Astereae

Astereae
Mountain aster ( Aster amellus )
Systematics
Asterids Euasterids II Order : Astern-like (Asterales) Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae) Subfamily : Asteroideae Tribe : Astereae
Scientific name
Astereae
Cass.

The Astereae are a tribe from the subfamily Asteroideae within the Asteraceae plant family. It has an almost worldwide distribution.

description

Illustration of mountain aster ( Aster amellus )

Illustration of the beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum , syn .: Aster tripolium )

Appearance and leaves

There are usually persistent, sometimes one or two year, herbaceous plants , rarely half-shrubs , shrubs or trees . Some species are xerophytes . They often form rhizomes as persistence organs.

Often the leaves are sometimes in basal rosettes (basal leaves) and / or mostly alternate, rarely opposite or arranged in whorls on the stem (stem leaves) . The leaves are mostly stalked or rarely sessile. The leaf blades are simple or pinnate. The leaf edges can be smooth or serrated. Especially in xerophytic species, the blades are dotted with glands. There are no stipules .

Inflorescences and flowers

The basket-shaped part inflorescences are rarely individually, usually several to many in mostly schirmtraubigen , rare in traubigen , ährigen , rispigen total inflorescences together. The flower heads are pseudanthia , so they have an ecological effect like “ flowers ”. In Baccharis , the flower heads are disc-shaped and homogeneous: all flowers are hermaphroditic. In all other genera of this tribe, the inflorescences are disc-shaped or radial and heterogamous: they contain hermaphroditic and functionally unisexual flowers. The usually spiral or sometimes in three to five or more rows, free, durable or early sloping bracts are uneven, herbaceous, paper-like to dry-skinned or have dry-skinned edges and / or tips. Sometimes the bracts are in one or two rows and are only slightly uneven, herbaceous with barely to clearly dry-skinned edges and / or tips. The mostly flat to conical, sometimes concave cup bottoms usually have no chaff leaves . Chaff leaves are only present in Eastwoodia and Rigiopappus .

The flower baskets contain a single-row (sometimes two- to multi-row) wreath of ray- flowers (also called ray-flowers) or have no ray-flowers and always tubular flowers (also called disc-shaped flowers). The ray florets are mostly functionally male, rarely functionally female or sterile. The color spectrum of the petals of the ray florets includes white, pink, red, blue and purple, or often yellow. For example, with some Conyza species, the tongues are greatly reduced. The tubular flowers are mostly hermaphroditic and fertile, rarely functionally male , for example in Benitoa . The color spectrum of the petals of the tubular flowers includes white, pink, red, blue and purple, or often yellow. The tubular flowers are always radial symmetry with mostly five, rarely four crown teeth. The anthers have a blunt or rounded, not tailed base and mostly triangular to linear appendages at their upper end; appendages are seldom missing. The stylus with two linear stylus branches are bare and smooth or papilose on the underside and the top has two lines with scar tissue from their base to their tip or on the appendages; the appendages are mostly delta-shaped to lanceolate.

fruit

The achenes of a flower head can all be the same (monomorphic) or there are two different types ( heterocarpy , dimorphic). The achenes are more or less columnar to prismatic and five-ribbed or sometimes flattened and two-ribbed; sometimes they are beaked. The surface of the achenes is smooth, prickly or wrinkled and glabrous or hairy, then often with glandular hairs. There is usually a durable pappus , which consists of rarely one, usually two to three or more rows of mostly bearded bristles, rarely of scales that are sometimes covered with awn; very rarely it is both scales and bristles or awns. The units of distribution ( diaspores ) are the achenes with their pappus.

Systematics and distribution

The tribe Astereae has an almost worldwide distribution. They mainly thrive in the temperate latitudes. In North America there are about 77 genera with about 719 species.

The Tribus Astereae was drawn up in 1819 by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts , 88, p. 195. The name of the type genus Aster L. is derived from the Latin word astrum for star, celestial body and refers to the radial arrangement of the ray or ray flowers in the flower head. The Astereae tribe was reorganized in the works of K. Bremer 1994, GL Nesom 1994, 2000 and Richard D. Noyes & Loren H. Rieseberg 1999.

Subtribus Asterinae: Aster savatieri , Syn .: Gymnaster savatieri

Subtribus Asterinae: Strand aster ( Tripolium pannonicum , Syn .: Aster tripolium )

The tribe Astereae is the second largest tribe of the Asteraceae and is divided into 18 subtribes with 170 to over 200 genera and around 3000 species:

• Subtribus Asterinae (Cass.) Dumort. (Syn .: Subtribus Heterochrominae Benth. ): It contains about 13 genera:
  • Arctogeron DC. : It contains only one type:
    • Arctogeron gramineum DC. : It occurs in Siberia .
  • Asters ( Aster L. ): The approximately 180 species are mainly found in Eurasia and Africa, one species occurs in arctic and western North America .
  • Asterothamnus Novopokr. : The seven or so species are common in Eurasia.
  • Callistephus Cass. : It contains only one type:
    • Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees : It is native to China ; Varieties arecultivatedas an ornamental plantthroughout the temperate latitudes.
  • Crinitaria Cass. : The approximately 13 species are common in Eurasia.
  • Galatella Cass. : The approximately 30 species are distributed in Europe , Russia , Iran and India as far as western China, for example:
    • Galatella cretica Gand.
    • Gold aster ( Galatella linosyris (L.) Rchb. F. )
  • Heteropappus Less. : The 20 or so species are common in Central and East Asia.
  • Kalimeris (Cass.) Cass. (Syn .: Calimeris Nees orth. Var., Asteromoea flower , Hisutsua DC .; Sometimes a subgenus in Aster ): The eight to ten species are common in eastern Asia. One species is also grown.
  • Kemulariella Tamamschyan : The six or so species are common in the Caucasus .
  • Miyamayomena Kitam. : The five or so species are common in Japan .
  • Psychrogeton Boiss. : The approximately 20 species are common in Central Asia , western China.
  • Rhinactinidia Novopokr. : The only four species are common in Central Asia.
  • Tripolium Nees : it contains only one type:
    • Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. : This halophyte is native to Eurasia and North Africa and is a neophyte in many countries.

Astranthiinae subtribe: Habitus of Townsendia jonesii

• Subtribus Astranthiinae GLNesom : It contains only four genera with about 40 species:
  • Astranthium Nutt. : The eleven or so species are distributed from the southern USA to Mexico.
  • Dichaetophora A.Gray : It contains only one species:
    • Dichaetophora campestris A.Gray : It occurs from Texas to northeastern Mexico.
  • Geissolepis B.L. Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Geissolepis suaedifolia B.L.Rob. : It occurs in central Mexico.
  • Townsendia Hook. : The approximately 26 species are distributed from western North America to Mexico.

Subtribus Baccharidinae: flower heads of Baccharis sergiloides

• Subtribe Baccharidinae Less. (Syn .: subfamily Baccharidoideae Burmeist. , Tribus Heterothalaminae Endl. ): It contains only three genera with about 400 species:
  • Archibaccharis Heering (Syn .: Hemibaccharis S.F.Blake ): With about 32 species: mainly in Mexico and Central America, only one or two species in South America.
  • Baccharis L. (Syn .: Molina Ruiz & Pav. , Sergilus Gaertn. , Tursenia Cass. , Pingraea Cass. , Baccharidastrum Cabrera , Baccharidiopsis G.M.Barroso , Neomolina Hellwig nom. Illegit. Non Honda & Sakis. ): Which are about 360 species mainly in the Neotropic and northward to the central and coastal USA.
  • Heterothalamus Less. : The only two species are common in southern Brazil and Uruguay .
• Subtribus Bellidinae Willk. (Syn .: Tribus Bellideae Cass. Ex D.Don. , Tribus Bellieae DC. Ex Godr. ): It contains only two genera with only about twelve species:
  • Daisies ( Bellis L. ): The eight or so species are native to Europe, North Africa, Western Asia and the Azores and are invasive plants in many countries outside Europe .
  • Bellium L .: The only five species are common in southern Europe:
    • Bellium artrutxense P. Fraga & Rosselló : It is endemic to Menorca and was first described in 2007.
    • True dwarf daisy ( Bellium bellidioides L. )
    • Bellium crassifolium Moris : This endemic occurs only in Sardinia .
    • Bellium minutum (L.) L.
    • Bellium nivale Req. : This endemic occurs only in Corsica .
• Subtribus Boltoniinae GLNesom : It contains only three genera with only seven species:
  • Batopilasia G.L. Nesom & Noyes : It contains only one species:
    • Batopilasia byei (SDSundb. & GLNesom) GLNesom & Noyes : It occurs in northwestern Mexico.
  • Boltonia L.Hér. : The five or so species are common in eastern North America.
  • Chloracantha G.L. Nesom , YBSuh, DRMorgan, SDSundb. & BBSimpson : It contains only one type:
    • Chloracantha spinosa (Benth.) GLNesome : It occurs in the southwestern USA (east to Louisiana) and south via Mexico to Panama .

Subtribus Brachyscominae: Blue Daisy ( Brachyscome iberidifolia )

• Subtribus Brachyscominae GLNesom : It contains about seven genera:
  • Allittia P.S.Short : Out of Brachyscome : The two or so species occur only in southeastern Australia and Tasmania.
  • Brachyscome Cass. (Syn .: Brachycome Cass. ): The approximately 70 species are distributed in Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia . Some varieties are used as ornamental plants, including:
    • Blue Daisy ( Brachyscome iberidifolia Benth. )
  • Calotis R.Br. : The 28 to 30 species are mainly found in Australia.
  • Ceratogyne Turcz. : It contains only one type:
    • Ceratogyne obionoides Turcz. : It occurs only in southeastern Australia.
  • Hullsia P.S.Short : It was from Brachyscome spun and contains only one type:
    • Hullsia argillicola P.S.Short : It occurs in northern Australia.
  • Pembertonia P.S.Short (Syn .: Brachyscome sect. Heteropholis F.Muell. ): It contains only one type:
    • Pembertonia latisquamata (F.Muell.) PSShort : It occurs in western Australia.

Subtribus Chaetopappinae: flower head and fruit heads of Chaetopappa ericoides

• Subtribus Chaetopappinae GLNesom : It contains only two genera with about 13 species:
  • Chaetopappa DC. (Syn .: Distasis DC. ): The eleven species are distributed from the southern USA to northeast Mexico.
  • Monoptilon Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray (Syn .: Eremiastrum A.Gray ): The only two species are distributed from the southwestern USA to northwestern Mexico.

Subtribus Chrysopsidinae: habit, leaves and flower heads of Heterotheca sessiliflora subsp. bolanderi

• Subtribus Chrysopsidinae GLNesom : It contains about seven genera with about 70 species:
  • Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Elliott (Syn .: Diplopappus Cass. , Inula L. sect. Chrysopsis Nutt. ): The approximately eleven species occur on the south coast of the USA.
  • Croptilon Raf. (Syn .: Isopappus Torr. & A.Gray ): The only three species are distributed from the southeastern USA to northeastern Mexico.
  • Heterotheca Cass. : The approximately 25 to 30 species are widespread from Canada through the USA to Mexico.
  • Noticastrum DC. (Syn .: Aplopappus ( Haplopappus ) sect. Leucopsis DC. , Leucopsis (DC.) Baker ): The 19 or so species are distributed in the Andes and southern South America.
  • Osbertia Greene : The only three types are common from Mexico to Guatemala .
  • Pityopsis Nutt. : The seven or so species are mainly found in the southeastern USA and one species from Mexico to Central America.
  • Tomentaurum G.L.Nesom : it contains only one type:
    • Tomentaurum niveum (S.Wats.) GLNesom : It occurs in northwestern Mexico.
• Subtribe Conyzinae Horan. (Syn .: Tribus Erigeroneae Gren. & Godr. ): It contains eight genera with around 500 species:
  • Aphanostephus DC. : The only four species are distributed from the southern USA to Mexico.
  • Apopyros G.L.Nesom : The only two species are common in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
  • Conyza Less. (Syn .: Conyzella Fabric. , Leptilon Raf. ): The approximately 60 to 100 species are mainly found in the tropics and subtropics; some species are pantropical neophytes.
  • Darwiniothamnus Harling : The only two species occur only in the Galapagos .
  • Erigeron L. (Syn .: Trimorpha Cass. , Polyactis Less. , Achaetogeron A.Gray , Astradelphus Remy , Wyomingia A.Nelson ): The approximately 400 species arewidespreadfrom North to South America, the Caribbean islands, Galapagos and Eurasia .
  • Hysterionica Willd. : The only about seven species are common in southeastern South America.
  • Leptostelma D.Don : Only about five species are distributed in southeastern South America.
  • Neja D.Don : The six or so species are common in southeastern South America and Cuba .

Subtribus Grangeinae: habit, leaves and flower heads without ray florets of Grangea maderaspatana

• Subtribe Grangeinae Benth. : It contains about 15 genera:
  • Akeassia J. ‑ P. Lebrun & Stork : It contains only one species:
    • Akeassia grangeoides J. ‑ P. Lebrun & Stork : It occurs in western Africa and in the Congo .
  • Ceruana Forssk. : It contains only one type:
    • Ceruana pratensis Forssk. : It occurs in northern and western Africa.
  • Colobanthera Humbert : It contains only one species:
    • Colobanthera waterlotii Humbert : It occurs in Madagascar.
  • Cyathocline Cass. : The only three species common in tropical Asia.
  • Dacryotrichia Wild : It contains only one species:
    • Dacryotrichia robinsonii Wild : It occurs in Zambia .
  • Dichrocephala L Hér. ex DC. : The ten or so species are widespread in Africa, Madagascar, Indonesia, tropical and southwestern Asia.
  • Egletes Cass. : The eight or so species are distributed from the Neotropic to the southwestern USA (southern Texas).
  • Erodiophyllum F. Muell. : The only two types are common in Australia.
  • Grangea Adans. : The ten or so species are widespread in Africa, Madagascar and tropical Asia.
  • Grangeopsis Humbert : It contains only one species:
    • Grangeopsis perrieri Humbert : It occurs in Madagascar.
  • Grauanthus Fayed : The only two species are common in tropical Africa.
  • Gyrodoma Wild : It contains only one species:
    • Gyrodoma hispida (Vatke) Wild : It occurs in Mozambique .
  • Heteromma Benth. : The only three species occur in the Capensis.
  • Mtonia Beentje : It contains only one species:
    • Mtonia glandulifera Beentje : It is widespread in eastern Africa.
  • Nidorella Cass. : The approximately 15 species are distributed in tropical and southern Africa.
  • Plagiocheilus Arn. ex DC. (Syn .: Polygyne Phil. ): The seven or so species are common in South America.

Hinterhuberinae subtribe: habitus of Olearia lyalli

Hinterhuberinae subtribe: Olearia megalophylla

Subtribus Hinterhuberinae: Habitus, basal leaves and total inflorescences with a few flower heads of Pleurophyllum speciosum

• Subtribus Hinterhuberinae Cuatrec. : It contains about 32 genera:
  • Achnophora F. Muell. : It contains only one type:
    • Achnophora tatei F. Muell. : It occurs in Australia , Kangaroo Island .
  • Aylacophora Cabrera : it contains only one species:
    • Aylacophora deserticola Cabrera : It occurs in central Argentina .
  • Aztecaster G.L.Nesom : The only two species in Mexico spread.
  • Blakiella Cuatrec. : It contains only one type:
    • Blakiella bartsiifolia (SFBlake) Cuatrec. : She comes in Colombia and Venezuela .
  • Celmisia Cass. : The approximately 60 species are common in New Zealand and Australia.
  • Chiliophyllum Phil .: The three or so species are common in Argentina and Chile .
  • Chiliotrichiopsis Cabrera : With around three species in Argentina and Peru .
  • Chiliotrichum Cass. : The only two types are common in Argentina and Chile.
  • Damnamesia D.R. Given : it contains only one species:
    • Damnamesia vernicosa (Hook. F.) DRGiven : It occurs in New Zealand.
  • Diplostephium Kunth : The over 70 species are distributed in Costa Rica and the Andes to Bolivia .
  • Floscaldasia Cuatrec. : With only two species in Colombia and Ecuador .
  • Flosmutisia Cuatrec. : It contains only one type:
    • Flosmutisia paramicola Cuatrec. : It occurs in the Colombian Páramo .
  • Guynesomia Bonifacino & Sancho : It contains only one species:
    • Guynesomia scoparia (Phil.) Bonifacino & Sancho : It occurs in Chile.
  • Hinterhubera Sch. Gdp. ex Wedd. : The eight or so species occur in Colombia and Venezuela.
  • Laestadia Kunth ex Less. : The roughly six species occur in Costa Rica , on Hispaniola , in the Andes to Bolivia at higher altitudes.
  • Lepidophyllum Cass. : It contains only one type:
    • Lepidophyllum cupressiforme (Lam.) Cass. : It only occurs in Patagonia .
  • Llerasia Triana : The ten or so species thrive from the Colombian to the Bolivian Andes.
  • Madagaster G.L.Nesom : The five species are found on Madagascar before.
  • Mairia Nees : The approximately three species occur in the Capensis.
  • Nardophyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Hook. & Arn. : The six or so species thrive in the southern Andes.
  • Novenia S.E. Freire : it contains only one species:
    • Novenia acaulis (Wedd. Ex Benth. In Benth. & Hook. F.) SEFreire & F.Hellw. : It occurs in the Andes from northern Argentina to southern Peru.
  • Olearia Moench (Syn .: Steetzia Sonder ): The approximately 130 to 180 species are common in Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea .
  • Oritrophium (Kunth) Cuatrec. (Syn .: Aster L. sect. Oritrophium Kunth ): The approximately 21 species are mainly distributed in the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia and two species occur in Mexico.
  • Pachystegia Cheeseman : It contains only one type:
    • Pachystegia insigne Cheeseman : It occurs in New Zealand.
  • Pacifigeron G.L.Nesom : it contains only one type:
    • Pacifigeron rapensis (F.Br.) GLNesom : It occurs in Polynesia , Rapa Island .
  • Paleaepappus Cabrera : It contains only one species:
    • Paleaepappus patagonicus Cabrera : It occurs only in Patagonia.
  • Parastrephia Nutt. : The three or so species are common in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia and Peru.
  • Pleurophyllum Hook. : The roughly three species occur in New Zealand and the sub-Antarctic islands south of New Zealand.
  • Printzia Cass. : The approximately six species occur in the Capensis .
  • Pteronia L .: The approximately 80 species occur from southern and southwestern Africa to Zambia .
  • Remya W.Hillebrand ex Benth. : The three or so species are only found in Hawaii .
  • Rochonia DC. : The four or so species occur in Madagascar.
  • Westoniella Cuatrec. : The approximately six species occur in Costa Rica and Panama .

Subtribus Homochrominae: Felicia rosulata

• Subtribe Homochrominae Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. (including Subtribus Feliciinae GLNesom ): It contains about 13 genera:
  • Amellus L .: With about twelve species in the Capensis .
  • Chamaegeron Schrenk : With about four species in Central Asia , Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
  • Chrysocoma L .: With about 20 species in the Capensis .
  • Engleria O. Hoffm . : With only two species in Angola and Namibia .
  • Capasters ( Felicia Cass. , Syn .: Detris Adans. , Agathaea Cass. , Charieis Cass. ): The approximately 80 to 85 species are distributed in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
  • Gymnostephium Less. (Syn .: Heteractis DC. ): With about eight species in the Capensis .
  • Jeffreya Wild : It only contains one species:
    • Jeffreya palustris (O.Hoffm.) Wild : It occurs in Tanzania .
  • Lachnophyllum Bunge : With only two species in Central Asia.
  • Nolletia Cass. : With about ten species in Africa and one species in Spain .
  • Poecilolepis J.Grau : With only two species in the Capensis .
  • Polyarrhena Cass. : With four kinds in the Capensis .
  • Roodebergia B. North . : It contains only one type:
    • Roodebergia kitamurana B. North . : It occurs in the Capensis .
  • Zyrphelis Cass. (Syn .: Homochroma DC. ): With about ten species in the Capensis .

Lagenophorinae subtribe: Lagenophora stipitata

• Subtribe Lagenophorinae GLNesom. : It contains 13 genera with about 40 species.
  • Keysseria Lauterb. : With twelve species in Indonesia and Hawaii.
  • Lagenophora Cass. (Syn .: Lagenifera Cass. , Orth. Var. Rej.): With about 14 species in Southeast Asia, Australasia, the Pacific Islands, Central and South America.
  • Lagenocypsela Swenson & K.Bremer : With only two species in New Guinea.
  • Myriactis Less. : With only two species in the Neotropics, in eastern Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
  • Novaguinea D.JNHind : It contains only one species:
    • Novaguinea rudalliae D.JNHind : It occurs in New Guinea.
  • Pappochroma Raf. (Syn .: Lagenithrix G.L.Nesom , Lagenopappus G.L.Nesom ): The about nine species are widespread in Australia.
  • Piora J.T. Kost. : It contains only one type:
    • Piora ericoides J.T. Kost. : It occurs in New Guinea.
  • Pytinicarpa G.L.Nesom : With only two species in New Caledonia and Fiji .
  • Rhamphogyne S.Moore : With only two species on the island of Rodrigues and in New Guinea.
  • Rhynchospermum Reinw. : It probably contains only one type:
    • Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinw. : It occurs in eastern and southeastern Asia.
  • Sheareria S.Moore : With only two species in China.
  • Solenogyne Cass. : With only three species in Australia and Tasmania .
  • Thespis DC. : With only three species in Southeast Asia.

Subtribus Machaerantherinae: Habitus, leaves and flower heads of Arida arizonica standing individually on inflorescence shafts

Subtribus Machaerantherinae: Grindelia squarrosa

Subtribus Machaerantherinae: Isolated flower heads of Xylorhiza tortifolia with several rows of bluish ray-flowers and dark-yellow tubular flowers

• Subtribus Machaerantherinae GLNesom : It contains about 19 genera:
  • Arida (RLHartm.) DRMorgan & RLHartm. (Syn .: Machaeranthera Nees sect. Arida R.L. Hartm. ): With about nine species in the western USA and in northern Mexico.
  • Benitoa D.D.Keck : it contains only one type:
    • Benitoa occidentalis (HMHall) DDKeck : It occurs in California.
  • Corethrogyne DC. : It contains only one type:
    • Corethrogyne californica DC. : From the northwestern United States (Oregon) to northern Baja California .
  • Dieteria Nutt. (Syn .: Machaeranthera Nees subg. Dieteria (Nutt.) Greene ): With only three kinds in the western USA and in Mexico.
  • Grindelia Willd. (Syn .: Prionopsis Nutt. ): With around 70 species in the USA, Mexico and the southern Andes. Among other things with:
    • Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal : It occurs in the USA.
  • Haplopappus Cass. : With about 70 species in southern South America.
  • Hazardia Greene : With about 13 kinds in the western USA and in western Mexico.
  • Herrickia Wooton & Standley (Syn .: Eurybia (Cass.) SFGray sect. Herrickia (Wooton & Standley) GLNesom ): With four species in the southwestern USA.
  • Isocoma Nutt. : With about 16 species in Mexico and the southwestern United States.
  • Lessingia Cham. : With seven to ten species in the southwestern United States and northern Baja California .
  • Machaeranthera Nees (Syn .: Hesperastrum A.Gray ): With only two kinds in the western USA and in Mexico.
  • Olivaea Sch. Gdp. ex Benth. (Syn .: Oligonema S.Wats. , Nom. Illegit. Non Oligonema Rostaf. , Golionema S.Wats. ): With only two species in southwestern Mexico.
  • Oonopsis (Nutt.) Greene (Syn .: Stenotus Nutt. Sect. Oonopsis Nutt. ): With four or five in the central United States.
  • Pyrrocoma Hook. (Syn .: Homopappus Nutt. ): With about 14 species in the western USA and western Canada.
  • Rayjacksonia R.L. Hartm . & MALane : With three species in the central and southwestern United States and northeastern Mexico.
  • Stephanodoria Greene : It contains only one species:
    • Stephanodoria tomentella (BLRob.) Greene : Native to central Mexico.
  • Xanthisma DC. (Syn .: eriocarpum . Nutt , Sideranthus Nutt. Ex Nees , Machaeranthera Nees subg. Sideranthus (Nutt ex Nees) RLHartman. ): With about 17 species: western United States and northern Mexico.
  • Xanthocephalum Willd. : With six types: western USA and Mexico.
  • Xylorhiza Nutt. : With eight species: western USA and Mexico.

Subtribus Pentachaetinae: Infructescence of Rigiopappus leptocladus

• Subtribus Pentachaetinae GLNesom : It contains three genera with about eight species:
  • Pentachaeta Nutt. : The sixor sospecies are found only in California and Baja California Norte .
  • Rigiopappus A.Gray : It contains only one species:
    • Rigiopappus leptocladus A.Gray : It is common in the northwestern United States.
  • Tracyina S.F.Blake : It contains only one species:
    • Tracyina rostrata S.F.Blake : It thrives on grass slopes at altitudes of 100 to a little more than 300 meters only in California.

Subtribe Podocominae: Tetramolopium rockii

• Subtribe Podocominae GLNesom : It contains about 17 genera:
  • Asteropsis Less. : It contains only one type:
    • Asteropsis macrocephala Less. : It is native to Brazil and Uruguay .
  • Camptacra N.T.Burb. : The roughly two types are common in Australia.
  • Dichromochlamys Dunlop : it contains only one species:
    • Dichromochlamys dentatifolia (F.Muell.) Dunlop : It is native to central Australia.
  • Dimorphocoma F. Muell. & Tate : The roughly two species are common in Australia.
  • Elachanthus F. Muell. : With two species in southern Australia.
  • Inulopsis (DC.) O. Hoffm . (Syn .: Haplopappus Cass. Sect. Inulopsis): With four species in southern Brazil, Paraguay and eastern Bolivia.
  • Iotasperma G.L.Nesom : With two species in Australia.
  • Isoetopsis Turcz. : It contains only one type:
    • Isoetopsis graminifolia Turcz. : It is based in Australia.
  • Ixiochlamys F. Muell. & Sond. ex Sond. : With four species in western and central Australia.
  • Kippistia F. Muell. : It contains only one type:
    • Kippistia suaedifolia F. Muell. : It is native to southern Australia.
  • Laennecia Cass. : With 17 species in the southwest USA, Mexico to the Andean northern South America.
  • Microgynella Grau (Syn .: Microgyne Less. , Nom. Illegit. Non Cass. ): It contains only one species:
    • Microgynella trifurcata (Less.) Gray : It is native to southeastern Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
  • Minuria DC. : With about ten species in Australia.
  • Peripleura (NTBurb.) GLNesom (Syn .: Vittadinia A.Rich. Subg. Peripleura N.T.Burb. ): With about nine species in Australia.
  • Podocoma Cass. (Syn .: Podopappus Hook. & Arn. ): With around nine species in southeastern South America.
  • Summer Feltia Less. : With two species in southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.
  • Tetramolopium Nees (Syn .: Luteidiscus St.John ): With about 38 species in New Guinea, northeastern Australia and Hawaii .
  • Vittadinia A. Rich. : The 20 or so species are common in Australia.

Subtribus Solidagininae: Habitus of Acamptopappus shockleyi with yellow ray- flowers

Subtribus Solidagininae: entire inflorescence with small, sparse flower heads of Amphipappus Fremontii var spinosus

Subtribus Solidagininae: Grass-leaved goldenrod ( Euthamia graminifolia )

Subtribus Solidagininae: habit and flower heads of Stenotus acaulis with yellow ray- flowers

• Subtribe Solidagininae O. Hoffm . : It contains about 27 genera:
  • Acamptopappus (A.Gray) A.Gray : With two species in the southwestern USA.
  • Amphiachyris (DC.) Nutt. (Syn .: Brachyris Nutt. Sect. Amphiachyris DC. ): With two species in south-central USA.
  • Amphipappus Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray : It contains only one species:
    • Amphipappus Fremontii Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray : It is native to the southwestern United States.
  • Bigelowia DC. (Syn .: Chondrophora Raf. ): With two kinds in southeastern USA.
  • Chihuahuana Urbatsch & RPRoberts : It contains only one species:
    • Chihuahuana purpusii (Brandegee) Urbatsch & RPRoberts : It is native to northern Mexico.
  • Chrysoma Nutt. : It contains only one type:
    • Chrysoma pauciflosculosa (Michx.) Greene : It is native to the southeastern United States.
  • Chrysothamnus Nutt. (Syn .: Vanclevea Greene ): The nine or so species are common in the western USA.
  • Columbiadoria G.L. Nesom : it contains only one species:
    • Columbiadoria hallii (A.Gray) GLNesom : It is native to the northwestern United States.
  • Cuniculotinus Urbatsch, RPRoberts & Neubig : It contains only one species:
    • Cuniculotinus gramineus ( Chrysothamnus gramineus ) (HMHall) Urbatsch, RPRoberts & Neubig (Syn .: Petradoria discoidea L.C. Anderson ): It is native to the western USA.
  • Eastwoodia Brandegee : It contains only one species:
    • Eastwoodia elegans Brandegee : It is native to California.
  • Euthamia (Nutt.) Cass. : With about eight species, mainly in the central and southeastern United States, one species from southwestern Canada to Baja California Norte . Including:
    • Grass-leaved goldenrod ( Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. )
  • Gundlachia A.Gray (Syn .: Xylothamia G.L.Nesom, YBSuh, DRMorgan & BBSimpson ): With six species in the Caribbean, Mexico and Texas.
  • Gutierrezia Lag. (Syn .: Greenella A.Gray ): With about 16 species, mainly in Mexico, also in the southwest USA and southwest South America.
  • Gymnosperm Less. (Syn .: Selloa Spreng. Nom. Illegit. Non Selloa Kunth ): With the only species:
    • Gymnosperma glutinosa (Spreng.) Less. : It iswidespreadin the southwestern United States and south to Guatemala .
  • Hesperodoria Greene : With two kinds in the USA (Utah, northern Arizona).
  • Lorandersonia Urbatsch, RPRoberts & Neubig : With seven species in the western USA and northwestern Mexico.
  • Nestotus R.P. Roberts , Urbatsch & Neubig : With two species in the western USA.
  • Medranoa Urbatsch & RPRoberts : It contains only one species:
    • Medranoa parrasana (SFBlake) Urbatsch & RPRoberts : It is based in Mexico (Coahuila and Zacatecas).
  • Neonesomia Urbatsch & RPRoberts : With two types in Mexico and Texas.
  • Oligoneuron Small (Syn .: Unamia Greene ): The six or so species are common in eastern North America.
  • Oreochrysum Rydb. : It contains only one type:
    • Oreochrysum parryi (A. Gray) Rydb. : It is common in the western United States and northwestern Mexico.
  • Petradoria Greene : It contains only one species:
    • Petradoria pumila (Nutt.) Greene : It is common in the southwestern United States.
  • Sericocarpus Nees (Syn .: Oligactis Raf. Nom. Illegit. Non Oligactis (Kunth) Cass. ): With five species in the USA.
  • Goldenrod ( Solidago L. , syn .: Brachychaeta Torr & A. Gray. , Brintonia Greene ): Of the approximately 100 species are most common in North America, eight species are found in Mexico, one in South America and 10 to 20 species in Eurasia ago .
  • Stenotus Nutt. : The six or seven species are common in Canada, the western United States, and northwestern Mexico.
  • Thurovia Rose : It contains only one species:
    • Thurovia triflora Rose : It is only found in southeast Texas.
  • Toiyabea R.P. Roberts , Urbatsch & Neubig : It contains only one species:
    • Toiyabea alpina ( Haplopappus alpina ) (LCAnderson & S.Goodrich) RPRoberts, Urbatsch & Neubig : It is common in the western USA.
  • Xylovirgata Urbatsch & RPRoberts : It contains only one species:
    • Xylovirgata pseudobaccharis (SFBlake) Urbatsch & RPRoberts : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Coahuila .

Subtribus Symphyotrichinae: flower heads of Canadanthus modestus

Subtribus Symphyotrichinae: Habitus of Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) GLNesom (Syn .: Aster novi-belgii L. ), also called smooth-leaf asterisk

• Subtribus Symphyotrichinae GLNesom : It contains five genera with around 100 species:
  • Almutaster Å.Löve & D.Löve : It contains only one species:
    • Almutaster pauciflorus (Nutt.) Å.Löwe & D.Löve : It is widespread from central Canada to Mexico.
  • Ampelaster G.L.Nesom : It contains only one species:
    • Ampelaster carolinianus (Walter) GLNesom : It is native to the coastal plains of the eastern USA.
  • Canadanthus G.L.Nesom : it contains only one type:
    • Canadanthus modestus (Lindl.) GLNesom : It is distributed in North America from Alaska south to Montana and Michigan , west to southeast Canada (New Brunswick).
  • Doellingeria Nees (Syn .: Aster sect. Doellingeria (Nees) Kitamura , Aster subg. Doellingeria (Nees) A.Gray , Aster sect. Triplopappus (Torrey & A.Gray) AGJones ): The only three species occur only in eastern North America .
  • Psilactis A.Gray : The six or so species are mainly found in Texas and Mexico, one species is found in the Andes of northern South America.
  • Symphyotrichum Nees (Syn .: Tripolium Nees sect. Oxytripolium DC. , Virgulus Raf. , Tripolium Nees subg. Astropolium Nutt. , Brachyactis Ledeb. , Virgulaster Semple ): There are two sub-genera with about 92 species. They are mainly found in North America, some species occur in Mexico and South America. Few species are neophytes in many areas of the world:
    • Raubled aster ( Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) GLNesom )
    • Smooth- leaf aster ( Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) GLNesom )
    • Lanceolate aster ( Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) GLNesom )

Alpen Maßliebchen ( Bellidiastrum michelii )

Habit, leaves and whole inflorescences with many flower heads of Psiadia boivinii

• The following are not classified in a subtribe:
  • Bellidiastrum Scop. : It contains only one type:
    • Alpen Maßliebchen ( Bellidiastrum michelii Cass. )
  • Commidendron DC. : The only four species occur only on St. Helena .
  • Ericameria Nutt. : With about 31 species in the western United States and northwestern Mexico.
  • Eucephalus Nutt. : With eleven species in the north-western USA (including California) and in western Canada.
  • Eurybia (Cass.) SFGray : With around 28 species in North America and northeast Asia.
  • Heteroplexis C.C.Chang : The only three types are common in China.
  • Ionactis Greene : With five species in the USA (four in the western and one in the eastern part).
  • Melanodendron DC. : It contains only one type:
    • Melanodendron integrifolium DC. : It occurs on St. Helena .
  • Microglossa DC. : The 19 or so species are distributed in Africa, Madagascar and tropical Asia.
  • Nannoglottis Maxim. : The approximately nine species are distributed in southern to central China.
  • Oclemena Greene : The only three species are common in eastern North America.
  • Oreostemma Greene : The only three types are common in western North America.
  • Psiadia Jacq. : The approximately 60 species are distributed in tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands .
  • Psiadiella Humbert : It contains only one species:
    • Psiadiella humilis Humbert : It occurs in Madagascar.
  • Sarcanthemum Cass. : It contains only one type:
    • Sarcanthemum coronopus Cass. : It occurs on the island of Rodrigues .
  • Tonestus A.Nelson : With about eight species in the western USA and southwestern Canada.
  • Triniteurybia Brouillet, Urbatsch & RPRoberts : Is basal to the Machaerantherinae: With the only species:
    • Triniteurybia aberrans (A.Nelson) Brouillet : It is native to the western United States.
  • Vernoniopsis Humbert : It contains only one species:
    • Vernoniopsis caudata (Drake) Humbert : It occurs in Madagascar.

swell

• Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae : Astereae - Online. , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 20: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York u. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530564-7 . (Section description, systematics and dissemination)
• Tim Lowrey et al .: On the systematics of the tribes by The Astereae Working Group , University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
• Richard D. Noyes, Loren H. Rieseberg: ITS sequence data support a single origin for North American Astereae (Asteraceae) and reflect deep geographic divisions in Aster sl In: American Journal of Botany , 86 (3), 1999, p. 398. PDF .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry in Tropicos .
2. ^ K. Bremer: Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon 1994.
3. ↑ GL Nesom: Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae). In: Phytologia. 76, 1994, pp. 193-274.
4. ^ GL Nesom: Generic concepts of the tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) in North America, Central America, the Antilles and Hawaii. , In: Sida. Bot. Misc. 20, 2000, pp. 1-100.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Bellium In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Astereae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry in woody flora of the Andes of Ecuador. (span.)
• To the Astereae tribe. (engl.)
• Taxa of the tribe in New Zealand. (engl.)