Daisy (genus)

daisy
	Common daisy ( Bellis perennis )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Astereae
Genre :	daisy
Scientific name
	Bellis
	L.

The daisy ( Bellis ) are a plant kind from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The twelve or so species are mainly found in the Mediterranean area , only the common daisy ( Bellis perennis ) also occurs in central and northern Europe and is a neophyte in many areas of the world ; it is also the best known species of this genus. There are varieties of the common daisy, also called Maßliebchen, that are used as ornamental plants .

description

Illustration from Sturm: Germany's Flora in Illustrations , 1796

Ordinary daisy ( Bellis perennis ), cup with white ray-flowers on the edge and yellow (mostly still closed) tubular flowers in the middle

Bellis species are usually perennial, rarely annual herbaceous plants that reach heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. There are rhizomes formed. Typical of the Bellis species are the rosettes made of stalked, small, obovate to spoon-shaped leaves .

Each leaf rosette produces a large number of individual, stalked, individually standing flower heads. The cup-shaped inflorescences of all species show heliotropism - they close at night and open at sunrise. The envelope has a diameter of mostly 4 to 6 (3 to 8) millimeters and a height of 9 to 13 millimeters, with mostly two (one to three) rows of a total of 13 to 14 and more bracts . The flower heads contain in (rarely one to) usually three to four rows 35 to 90 ray florets and 60 to over 80 tubular florets . The female, fertile ray florets (= ray florets) are colored white and overflow pink to red-violet, especially on the outside. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers (= disc flowers) are yellow.

The achenes have two ribs on the edge and usually no pappus.

Systematics and distribution area

The genus Bellis was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Type species is Bellis perennis L.

The genus Bellis belongs to the subtribe Bellidinae from the tribe Astereae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae .

The Bellis species have their main distribution in the Mediterranean area. The common daisy, which can be found as far as northern Europe, is the species that has penetrated the furthest north. It is regarded as a cultural successor that was able to spread further in prehistoric times as a result of deforestation. This species became even more widespread through humans in the centuries that followed. Today it can also be found in North America , Madeira and New Zealand, among other places . Often the spread occurs through contamination of grass seeds. This form of spread is also referred to as a speirochory .

In addition to the twelve species listed here, there are other, mostly locally distributed, clans managed as species and subspecies with a taxonomically uncertain status:

Annual daisy ( Bellis annua L. ): It is common in the Mediterranean and occurs in the Canary Islands .
Bellis atlantica Boiss. & Reut. : The homeland is Algeria and Morocco .
Bellis azorica Seub. : She is endemic to the Azores .
Bellis bernardii Boiss. & Reut. : She is endemic to Corsica .
Bellis caerulescens Ball : The homeland is Morocco.
Bellis cordifolia (Kunze) Willk. : The home is Spain .
Bellis hyrcanica Voronow : The homeland is Azerbaijan .
Long-leaved daisy ( Bellis longifolia Boiss. & Heldr. ): The home is Crete .
Common daisy ( Bellis perennis L. ): It is widespread in the Mediterranean , Central and Northern Europe and is a neophyte in many areas of the world .
Bellis prostrata Pomel : It is common in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.
Bellis rotundifolia (Desf.) Boiss. & Reut. : The homeland is Algeria and Morocco.
Bellis sylvestris Cirillo : The distribution area extends from southern Europe and North Africa to the Middle East .

photos

Annual daisy
( Bellis annua )
Bellis rotundifolia
Bellis sylvestris
Massliebchen cultivated form: Bellis perennis - cultivar

literature

Luc Brouillet: In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 20: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2 (Astereae, Senecioneae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530564-7 , pp. 22 (English). , Bellis L. - online with the same text as the printed work. (Section description)
Omar Fiz, Virginia Valcárce, Pablo Vargas: Phylogenetic position of Mediterranean Astereae and character evolution of daisies (Bellis, Asteraceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 25, Issue 1, 2002, pp. 157-171. doi : 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (02) 00228-2 (section systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Angelika Lüttig, Juliane Kasten: Rosehip and Co. Flowers, fruits and spread of European plants . Fauna-Verlag, Nottuln 2003, ISBN 3-935980-90-6 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Werner Greuter : Compositae (per parte majore): Bellis L. . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
↑ Gertrud Scherf: Meadow flowers - the nature guide with a difference . BLV, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16909-7 .

Web links

Commons : Daisies ( Bellis ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Lüttig2003-1] Angelika Lüttig, Juliane Kasten: Rosehip and Co. Flowers, fruits and spread of European plants . Fauna-Verlag, Nottuln 2003, ISBN 3-935980-90-6 .

[EuroMed-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Werner Greuter : Compositae (per parte majore): Bellis L. . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.

[Naturführer2004-3] Gertrud Scherf: Meadow flowers - the nature guide with a difference . BLV, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16909-7 .