Raubled Aster
| Raubled Aster | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raublatt aster ( Symphyotrichum novae-angliae ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Symphyotrichum novae-angliae | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) GLNesom |
The Symphyotrichum Novae-Angliae ( Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) GL Nesom ; Syn .: Aster novae-angliae L. ), and New England Aster called, is a species within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is widespread in North America . In Europe she is a neophyte . Many varieties are used as ornamental plants .
description
Appearance and leaf
The Raublatt aster grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 0.3 to 1.2 meters. It forms clumps. Either a thick, woody and branched caudex or short fleshy rhizomes with partially thickened areas are formed. Each plant forms one to five, occasionally more, upright and strong stems . The stems, which are sparsely bristly-rough to fine in the upper area and more or less densely stalked glandular hair ( indument ) in the lower area, are light to dark brown in color and sometimes have a slightly purple tint in the lower area.
The light to dark green, thin and often stiff leaves are sessile. The leaves are mostly withered or wither at the time of flowering. The sparsely hairy leaf blade has a whole or sometimes a flat toothed and ciliate edge. The simple leaf blade of the three-veined leaves at the base of the stem is usually spatulate with a length of 2 to 6 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters, sometimes also obverse-lanceolate with a pointed base and a pointed upper end. The simple, entire leaf blade of the central stem leaves is elongated or lanceolate with a length of 5 to 10 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 2 centimeters with an auricular stem-encompassing blade base and a pointed or prickly-pointed upper end. The leaf surfaces are covered with stalked glandular hairs, the underside of the leaf is thinly curled and the upper side is hairy, rough to bristly. The simple leaf blade of the upper stem leaves is 3 to 8 centimeters long and 0.6 to 1.5 centimeters wide, obscure-lanceolate with an auricular stem-encompassing blade base and a pointed to blunt or prickly-tipped upper end; they gradually get smaller towards the top. The leaf surfaces are moderately to densely covered with short soft hairs and sparsely to moderately densely covered with stalked glandular hairs ( trichomes ).
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The bloom time of the Raublatt aster extends in North America from August to November. In leafy, umbrella-like overall inflorescences, many cup-shaped partial inflorescences are sometimes densely packed together. The 0.3 to 4 centimeters long, in the upper widened basket stems are densely covered with short stalked glandular hairs. There are one to four foliage-like, linear to narrow-lanceolate bracts present, which are densely covered with short stalked glandular hairs and graded into the bracts . In the usually 7 to 9 (5 to 15) millimeter large, bell-shaped to hemispherical involucre , the bracts are usually in three to five, rarely six rows. Of the uneven, dark green to purple tinted bracts , the outer leaves are similar to foliage. The lower third to half of the middle to inner linear-lanceolate bracts are dry-skinned. The edge of the bracts is densely hairy, the leaf surfaces are bare and the extended to recurved or sparse bract tip is more or less long, pointed. Only in the outer bracts are the leaf surfaces densely covered with stalked glandular hairs. There are no chaff leaves.
The flower head usually contains 50 to 75 (40 to 100) tongue = ray flowers and 50 to 110 tubular = disc flowers. In the female, fertile ray florets , the tongues are 0.9 to 1.3 inches long and 0.8 to 1.3 millimeters wide. The corolla of the ray florets are dark pink to dark purple, sometimes pale pink or white. The corollas of the tubular flowers are light yellow and turn purple over time. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers are usually 4.5 to 5.5 (4 to 7) millimeters long. The corolla tubes of the tubular flowers open after about half their length to a narrow, funnel-shaped, bald to sparsely hairy throat. Your five corolla lobes are 0.4 to 0.7 millimeters in size and triangular.
With a length of 1.8 to 2.5, rarely up to 3 millimeters and a thickness of 0.6 to 1 millimeter, the pale purple or brown achenes are oblong to inverted-conical and, unlike other Symphyotrichum species, are not flattened . The seven to ten-nerved achenes are densely haired and, in contrast to other Symphyotrichum species, there are also few stalked glandular hairs. The durable pappus consists of yellow-brown and at the base sometimes pink, 4.5 to 6 millimeters long, finely bearded pappus bristles.
Chromosome set
The basic chromosome number is x = 5; there is diploidy , so Symphyotrichum novae-angliae has a chromosome number of 2n = 10.
Occurrence
The natural range of the Raublatt aster includes almost the entire United States and Canada ( New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , Ontario, Québec , southern Manitoba ). The occurrences in Montana , Oregon , Utah , Washington and Wyoming go back to cultural refugees. It is also possible that there are other populations derived from cultural refugees. There have been reports of short-lived occurrences from British Columbia . In Europe the Raublatt aster occurs as a neophyte . But it is also a neophyte in Hispaniola, New Zealand and Georgia. It occurs in Central Europe especially in societies of the subclass Galio-Urticenea.
The Raublatt aster thrives in North America in fields, meadows, in prairies , swamps with bushes, moors, thickets and damp forest edges as well as on drainage ditches, roadsides, railroad tracks and coasts on rich, moist to wet, sandy or loamy soils at altitudes from 0 to 1600 Meters. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae sometimes grows somewhat "weed-like".
Systematics
It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Aster novae-angliae by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , volume 2, page 875. The new combination to Symphyotrichum novae-angliae in the genus Symphyotrichum was made in 1994 by Guy L. Nesom in Phytologia , volume 77, number 3, page 287. Another synonym for Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) GLNesom is Virgulus novae-angliae (L.) Reveal & Keener .
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae forms the hybrid Symphyotrichum × amethystinum with Symphyotrichum ericoides .
use
Numerous varieties of the Raublatt aster are used in the temperate latitudes as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
swell
- Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Symphyotrichum . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae: Asteraceae, part 2. Volume 20. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (English, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - online - this work is online with the same text). (Section description, distribution and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Symphyotrichum novae-angliae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae . Symphyotrichum . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Magnoliophyta: Asteridae: Asteraceae, part 2. Volume 20. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (English, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - online - this work is online with the same text.). (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 911 .
- ↑ Symphyotrichum novae-angliae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 18, 2014.
Web links
- Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) GL Nesom, Raublatt-Herbstaster. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Raubled Aster . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Aster novae-angliae L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved April 16, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Aster data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )