Mountain aster

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Mountain aster
Mountain aster (Aster amellus)

Mountain aster ( Aster amellus )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Astereae
Genre : Asters ( aster )
Type : Mountain aster
Scientific name
Aster amellus
L.

The mountain aster ( Aster amellus ), also known as lime aster , is a species of aster ( aster ) within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is used as an ornamental plant.

description

Illustration from Johann Georg Sturm: Germany's flora in illustrations
Detail of the flower heads with blue-violet ray and yellow disc flowers
Fruit heads
Mountain aster ( Aster amellus )
Mountain aster ( Aster amellus ) on location in Lower Austria

Vegetative characteristics

The mountain aster is a group-forming, perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 50, rarely up to 70 centimeters. The short hairy stem is slightly woody in the lower part and often prostrate, branched in the upper part.

The alternate, dark green foliage leaves are relatively long stalked in the lower part of the plant and the upper stem leaves are usually sessile or sessile on the stem. The simple leaf blades are 3 to 5 centimeters long, obovate at the base of the plant, while they become increasingly narrow and lanceolate towards the top. The stem leaves are usually entire and coarsely hairy.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to October. In a branched, doldentraubigen or doldenrispigen total inflorescence more available to many basket-shaped together inflorescences. The flower heads have a diameter of 2 to 4, rarely up to 5 centimeters. In two to three rows are the spatulate, blunt bracts with a width of 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters , from which the outer ones protrude somewhat. The flower heads contain ray and tubular flowers. The zygomorphic ray- flowers (ray-flowers) are blue-violet. The radially symmetrical tubular flowers (disc flowers) are yellow.

There are achenes with pappus formed.

The basic chromosome number is x = 9; there is usually diploidy , i.e. 2n = 18.

ecology

The mountain aster is a hemicryptophyte and stem plant.

From an ecological point of view, these are “cup-shaped flowers” ​​with sexual dimorphism, that is, the inner, yellow tubular flowers are male, the outer, blue-violet ray-flowers are female. Flies such as hoverflies and butterflies serve as pollinators .

The pappus serves as an umbrella flyer for the spread of wind ; there is also animal spreading as adhesive . The achenes are light and frost germs. Fruit ripens from September.

Occurrence and protection

In Austria the mountain aster occurs moderately often (especially in warmer locations) to rarely; in Salzburg it is extinct or missing and is missing in Vorarlberg .

In Germany, it is widespread in central and northern Bavaria , especially on the Jura foothills in Franconia . The mountain aster is also widespread in limestone areas in Thuringia and Baden-Württemberg . In other parts of Germany the mountain aster is only found sporadically. It became extinct in Saxony and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Aster amellus is considered endangered in Germany and has been "specially protected" since 1987 according to the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG) (1st law amending the Federal Nature Conservation Act); this only applies to wild populations (new version of the Federal Species Protection Ordinance - BArtSchV amendment, Appendix 1).

The mountain aster thrives in Central Europe on sunny slopes, rocks and in sparse forests from the lowlands to the mountain range. It prefers limestone soils , which also earned it its other German name. It is a character species of the Geranio-Peucedanetum from the Geranion sanguinei association, but also occurs in plant associations of the Festuco-Brometea class or the Cytiso-Pinion or Erico-Pinion associations.

Systematics and distribution

The first publication of Aster amellus was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 2, page 873. The specific epithet amellus derives from a Roman name of the plant, from the river Mella in Italy from. Synonyms for Aster amellus L. are Aster ottomanus auct. Velen. non hero. & Sart. ex Boiss. , Aster amelloides Better .

The distribution area of Aster amellus extends in Central and Eastern Europe to the Caucasus and Siberia . There are locations for Germany , Austria , France , Italy , Poland , Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Slovenia , Serbia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Bulgaria , Romania , Albania , Macedonia , northeastern Turkey , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Dagestan , Chelyabinsk , Kazakhstan , Ukraine , Crimea, and maybe Greece. It is a neophyte in Spain, the United Kingdom and Norway .

By Aster amellus there are about three subspecies:

  • Aster amellus L. subsp. amellus : It is widespread in large parts of Europe and in the Caucasus as well as in Turkey.
  • Aster amellus subsp. bessarabicus (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Soó (Syn .: Aster scepusiensis Kanitz , Aster bessarabicus Bernh. ex Rchb. ): It occurs in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Moldova and the Caucasus.
  • Aster amellus subsp. ibericus (M.Bieb.) VEAvet. (Syn .: Aster ibericus M.Bieb. ): It occurs in the Ukraine, in Russia and in the Middle East .

Common names

In the German-speaking area, the other common names Wäld Katrengeblom ( Transylvania ), Schartenwurtz ( Switzerland ), star herb and bull's eye (Switzerland) are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally .

use

Numerous varieties of mountain aster with different flower colors (pink, violet, lilac blue) are used in temperate areas as ornamental plants for parks and gardens.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Aster amellus L., Berg-Aster. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Aster amellus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ↑ Data sheet at WISIA = Scientific Information System for International Species Protection .
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  911 .
  6. ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
  7. ↑ Aster amellus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 26, 2015.
  8. ↑ a b c d Aster amellus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  9. ↑ Zuzana Münzbergová, Jana Raabová, Sílvia Castro, Hana Pánková: Biological flora of Central Europe: Aster amellus L. (Asteraceae). In: Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics , Volume 13, Issue 2, 2011, pp. 151-162. doi : 10.1016 / j.ppees.2011.03.002
  10. ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Aster amellus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  11. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 50, online.

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Founded by Werner Rothmaler . 18th, edited edition. Volume 2. Vascular plants: Grundband, Spektrum, Heidelberg et al. 2002, ISBN 3-8274-1359-1 . P. 456.
  • Werner Schöllkopf: Asters. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1995.
  • Paul Picton: The Gardener's Guide to Growing Asters. David & Charles Publishers, Newton Abbot, Devon, UK, 2004.
  • Terezie Mandáková, Zuzana Münzbergová: Distribution and Ecology of Cytotypes of the Aster amellus Aggregates in the Czech Republic. In: Annals of Botany , Volume 98, Issue 4, 2006, pp. 845-856. doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcl165

Web links

Commons : Mountain Aster ( Aster amellus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files