Olearia

Olearia
	Olearia stuartii , cup-shaped inflorescences
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Astereae
Sub tribus :	Hinterhuberinae
Genre :	Olearia
Scientific name
	Olearia
	Monk

The Olearia are a plant genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The distribution area of the approximately 181 species is in Australasia . Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens, they are not winter hardy in Central Europe .

description

Illustration of Olearia chathamica

Olearia species do not grow as commonly as shrubs and small trees for this family . The plant parts are bald or hairy. The alternate or opposite distributed to the stems or concentrated at the tips of stems arranged leaves may be pedunculated or sessile. The leaf blade is simple. The leaf edges can be smooth or serrated. The underside of the leaf is often hairy.

The terminal or lateral cup-shaped inflorescences can stand individually or in groups in a total inflorescence and inflorescence stems can be present below the inflorescences. The flower heads are pseudanthia so ecologically " flowers ". The bracts (involucral sheets ) arranged in several rows like roof tiles are herbaceous with dry-skinned margins. There are no chaff leaves on the bottom of the flower head. The flower heads are broadly hemispherical to narrowly ovate. The flower baskets usually contain a single-row wreath of female ray- flowers (also called ray-flowers), rarely they are missing, and in the center a few to many hermaphroditic tubular flowers (also called disc-shaped flowers). The ray florets can end like a tongue or be thin to thread-shaped. The anthers are pointed, blunt or tailed at their base. The two flattened branches of the style have short, thick appendages above the scar tissue.

The achenes, which are bald to differently hairy depending on the species, are striped, petiolate to slightly flattened. The pappus consists of many unevenly sized bristles.

ecology

Olearia species are used by caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, including Aenetus ligniveren from the genus Aenetus, as food , they drill into the trunks.

distribution

The range of the genus Olearia is restricted to Australasia . Olearia species occur only in Australia (around 130 species), Tasmania , Lord Howe Island , New Zealand (around 38 species) and New Guinea (15 to 20 species).

Systematics

The genus Olearia belongs to the subtribe Hinterhuberinae from the tribe Astereae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae .

The genus Olearia was first published in 1802 by Conrad Moench in Supplementum ad Methodum Plantas: a staminum situ describendi , p. 254. Synonyms for Olearia Moench are Steetzia Sonder, Orestion Raf. and Shawia JRForst. & G.Forst. The type species is Olearia dentata Moench. nom. illegal. whose basionym Aster tomentosus Wendl. is. The generic name Olearia honors the scholar Johann Gottfried Olearius , who maintained a sizable garden in Halle in the 17th century and described it in his book Specimen florae Hallensis .

Olearia algida

Illustration of Olearia argophylla

Small, simple leaves and fruit clusters of Olearia axillaris with pappus

Olearia covenyi

Section of a whole inflorescence with many cup-shaped inflorescences on Olearia erubescens

Alternate, small, simple leaves and cup-shaped inflorescences of Olearia floribunda

Deciduous leaves and cup-shaped inflorescences of Olearia lirata

Habit of Olearia lyalli with inflorescences

Opposite, large, simple leaves and cup-shaped inflorescences of Olearia megalophylla

Many cup-shaped inflorescences on Olearia phlogopappa

Olearia pimeleoides

Olearia ramulosa

There are around 181 species of Olearia :

Olearia adenocarpa Molloy & Heenan
Olearia adenolasia (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia adenophora (F. Muell.) Benth.
Olearia aglossa (Maiden & Betche) lander
Olearia albida (Hook.f.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia algida N.A. Wakef.
Olearia allomii Kirk : It is endemic to the Great Barrier Island .
Olearia alpicola (F.Muell.) Benth.
Olearia angustifolia Hook. f.
Olearia arborescens (G.Forst.) Cockayne & Laing : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia archeri lander
Olearia argophylla (Labill.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia arguta (R.Br.) Benth.
Olearia argyrophylla F. Muell.
Olearia arida E. Pritz.
Olearia asterotricha (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia astroloba Lander & NGWalsh
Olearia avicenniifolia (Raoul) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia axillaris (DC.) F. Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia ballii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Hemsl.
Olearia brachyphylla (F.Muell. Ex Sond.) NAWakef.
Olearia brevipedunculata N.G.Walsh
Olearia bullata H.D.Wilson & Garn.-Jones
Olearia burgessii Lander
Olearia calcarea F. Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia canescens (Benth.) Hutch.
Olearia × capillaris Buchanan
Olearia cassiniae (F.Muell.) Benth.
Olearia chathamica Kirk : It is endemic to Chatham Island .
Olearia cheesemanii Cockayne & Allan : It is found in New Zealand.
Olearia chrysophylla (DC.) Benth. : It occurs in Queensland and New South Wales.
Olearia ciliata (Benth.) F. Muell. ex Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia colensoi Hook. f.
Olearia conocephala F. Muell.
Olearia cordata Lander
Olearia coriacea Kirk
Olearia covenyi Lander
Olearia crebra E.K. Cameron & Heenan
Olearia crosby-smithiana Petrie
Olearia cydoniifolia (DC.) Benth.
Olearia decurrens (DC.) Benth.
Olearia durifolia J. Kost.
Olearia elaeophila (DC.) Benth.
Olearia elliptica DC.
Olearia eremaea Lander
Olearia ericoides (Steetz) NAWakef.
Olearia erubescens (Sieber ex DC.) Dippel : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia × excorticata Buchanan : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia exiguifolia (F. Muell.) Benth.
Olearia exilifolia F. Muell.
Olearia exilis S.Moore
Olearia ferresii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia fimbriata heads
Olearia floccosa J. Kost.
Olearia flocktoniae Maiden & Betche
Olearia floribunda (Hook.f.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia fluvialis Lander
Olearia fragrantissima Petrie
Olearia frostii (F.Muell.) JHWillis
Olearia fulvida Archer ex Kuntze
Olearia furfuracea (A.Rich.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia gardneri heads
Olearia glandulosa (Labill.) Benth.
Olearia glutinosa (Lindl.) Benth.
Olearia gordonii Lander
Olearia grandiflora Hook.
Olearia gravis (F. Muell.) Benth.
Olearia gunniana (DC.) Hook. f. ex Hook.
Olearia × haastii Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia hectorii Hook. f.
Olearia heleophila F. Muell.
Olearia heliophila (DC.) Benth.
Olearia heterocarpa S.T.Blake
Olearia heterolepis Mattf.
Olearia heterophila (DC.) Benth.
Olearia heterotricha Mattf.
Olearia homolepis (F. Muell.) Benth.
Olearia hooglandii J. Kost.
Olearia hookeri (Sond.) Benth.
Olearia humilis Lander
Olearia hygrophila (DC.) Benth.
Olearia ilicifolia Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia imbricata (Turcz.) Benth.
Olearia incana (DACooke) lander
Olearia incondita Lander
Olearia iodochroa (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia kernotii (F.Muell.) Mattf.
Olearia laciniifolia Lander
Olearia lacunosa Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia lanata J. Kost.
Olearia lanuginosa (JHWillis) NAWakef.
Olearia lasiophylla Lander
Olearia laxiflora Kirk
Olearia ledifolia (DC.) Benth. : It occurs in Tasmania.
Olearia lehmanniana (Steetz) Lander
Olearia lepidophylla (Pers.) Benth.
Olearia lepidota Mattf.
Olearia leptocephala J. Kost.
Olearia lineata Cockayne : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia lirata (Sims) Hutch. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia lyallii Hook. f.
Olearia macdonnellensis D.A. Cooke
Olearia macrodonta Baker : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia magniflora (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia × matthewsii Heenan
Olearia megalophylla (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia microdisca J.M.Black
Olearia microphylla (Vent.) Maiden & Betche
Olearia minor (Benth.) Lander
Olearia montana lander
Olearia monticola F.M.Bailey : It occurs in New Guinea.
Olearia mooneyi (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Hemsl.
Olearia moschata Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia mucronata Lander
Olearia muelleri (Sond.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia muricata (Steetz) Benth.
Olearia myrsinoides (Labill.) F. Muell. ex Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia nernstii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia nummulariifolia (Hook.f.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia obcordata (Hook.f.) Benth.
Olearia occidentissima lander
Olearia odorata Petrie : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia × oleifolia Kirk : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia oliganthema (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia oppositifolia (F. Muell.) Lander
Olearia pachycephala J. Kost.
Olearia pachyphylla Cheeseman
Olearia pallida J. Kost.
Olearia paniculata Druce : It is native to New Zealand on the North and South Island.
Olearia pannosa Hook. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia passerinoides (Turcz.) Benth.
Olearia paucidentata (Steetz) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia persoonioides (DC.) Benth. : It occurs in Tasmania.
Olearia phlogopappa (Labill.) DC. : It occurs in two varieties in Australia.
Olearia picridifolia (F.Muell.) Benth.
Olearia pimeleoides (DC.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia pinifolia (Hook.f.) Benth. : It occurs in Tasmania.
Olearia platyphylla Mattf.
Olearia plucheacea Lander
Olearia polita H.D.Wilson & Garn.-Jones
Olearia quercifolia Sieber ex DC.
Olearia quinquevulnera Heenan
Olearia racemosa Domin
Olearia ramosissima (DC.) Benth.
Olearia ramulosa (Labill.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia rani (A.Cunn.) Druce : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia revoluta F. Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia rhizomatica Lander : It thrives on granite in the Brindabella and Tinderry Mountains of New South Wales.
Olearia rosmarinifolia (DC.) Benth.
Olearia rudis (Benth.) F. Muell. ex Benth.
Olearia rufa J. Kost.
Olearia rugosa (F.Muell. Ex W.Archer) Hutch.
Olearia semidentata Decne. : It is endemic to Chatham Island .
Olearia solandri (Hook. F.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia speciosa Hutch. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia spectabilis J. Kost.
Olearia stellulata (Labill.) DC. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia stenophylla N.G.Walsh
Olearia stilwelliae Blakely
Olearia strigosa (Steetz) Benth.
Olearia stuartii (F.Muell.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia suavis Cheeseman
Olearia subrepanda (DC.) Hutch.
Olearia subspicata (Hook.) Benth.
Olearia suffruticosa D.A. Cooke
Olearia tasmanica W.M. Curtis
Olearia tenuifolia (DC.) Benth.
Olearia teretifolia F. Muell. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia thomsonii Cheeseman
Olearia tomentosa (JC Wendl.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia townsonii Cheeseman
Olearia traillii Kirk
Olearia traversii (F. Muell.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia trifurcata Lander
Olearia tubuliflora Benth.
Olearia velutina J. Kost.
Olearia vernonioides C.T.White & WDFrancis
Olearia virgata (Hook. F.) Hook. f. : It occurs in New Zealand.
Olearia viscidula (F. Muell.) Benth. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria.
Olearia viscosa (Labill.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
Olearia xerophila (F. Muell.) Benth.

swell

The genus Olearia in the New South Wales Flora Online . (Section Description and Distribution)
The genus Olearia at Australian Plants Online . (engl.)
Entry Olearia in the Western Australian flora . (engl.)
Michael Heads: Biodiversity in the New Zealand divaricating tree daisies: Olearia sect. nov. (Compositae) , In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 127, 1998, pp. 239-285. PDF . (Section systematics and dissemination)
The New Zealand species.
EW Cross, CJ Quinn & SJ Wagstaff: Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of Olearia (Astereae: Asteraceae) , In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 235, 2002, pp. 99-120. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-002-0198-9 (section systematics)