Gold aster
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Gold aster ( Galatella linosyris ) |
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| Galatella linosyris | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Rchb.f. |
The Gold Aster ( Galatella linosyris (L.) Rchb.f .; syn .: Aster linosyris L.), also gold hair Aster or Macaroni Aster called, is a plant that the family of the daisy family belongs (Asteraceae).
description
The gold aster grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters. A characteristic feature are their numerous narrow, alternate leaves , especially in the upper stem area . They are single-nerved, no more than 2 to 3 millimeters wide and 2 to 7 centimeters long. They sit on the stem with a slightly narrowed base and are apparently bald, but the smallest hairs can be seen with a magnifying glass. Below the cups, the leaves pass into the bracts without a clear separation.
The main flowering period is from August to September. The cup-shaped partial inflorescences stand together in a dold- like , racemose overall inflorescence, with the outer branches occasionally protruding slightly beyond the main stem. The stem is erect, sometimes arching upwards, and only branched in the upper third in the area of the inflorescence. It is round or at most slightly grooved. In the area of the inflorescence it is covered with tiny hairs that can only be seen with a magnifying glass. The flower heads of the golden aster contain no ray-florets, but only 15 to 40 golden-yellow, hermaphroditic tubular flowers . The cup diameter is about 1 centimeter. The bracts of the cup, which are irregular in several rows, are narrow with a length of about 7 millimeters and have an awl, sometimes hook-shaped curved tip.
The hairy achenes are about 3 millimeters long and have a yellowish, 5 to 7 millimeter long ring of hair.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36.
ecology
The gold aster endures extreme drought. In strong sunlight, it can align the leaves with the sun. With long drought, the leaves turn yellow-green. When it rains, the plant can recover very quickly.
distribution
The gold aster probably originally comes from the steppe areas of southeast Europe to southern Russia . Their distribution area includes Morocco, Algeria, southern, central and eastern Europe and western Asia. To the north it can be found in Europe as far as England and south-east Sweden. In Central Europe it has no continuous distribution area and is completely absent in places, e.g. B. in Northern Germany. Despite its relative rarity, it can occur with large numbers of specimens at its locations. Typical locations are dry grass on sunny slopes or bushes edges with loose, calcareous soils . The gold aster is a species of the Festuco-Brometea class. It occurs particularly in societies of the associations Xerobromion, Festucion valesiacae, but also Geranion sanguinei, Cytiso-Pinion or Erico-Pinion.
In Austria it occurs frequently on dry and semi-arid grasslands and dry shrub fringes in the Pannonian area , in the rest of the area it is scattered to very rarely. The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Carinthia and Upper Austria .
Systematics
The first publication of this plant species comes from Carl von Linné under the name Chrysocoma linosyris in Species Plantarum , 2, 1753, p. 841. The name Galatella linosyris (L.) Rchb.f. was published in 1853 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in Icones Florae Germanicae et Helveticae ... , 16, p. 8. Further synonyms for Galatella linosyris (L.) Rchb. f. are: Aster liburnicus (Spreng.) Rouy , Aster savii Arcang. , Chrysocoma liburnica Spreng. , Chrysocoma linosyris L. , Chrysocoma nupera Gray , Chrysocoma palustris Savi ex Bertol. , Chrysocoma palustris Savi , Chrysocoma vulgaris Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. , Crinitaria linosyris subsp. armoricana (Rouy) Holub , Crinitina linosyris (L.) Soják , Deinosmos siculus Raf. Clairv , Erigeron linosyris . , Galatella pontica (Lipsky) Novopokr. & Bogdan , Linosyris vulgaris DC. .
The gold aster is still widely known under the scientific name Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. known. However, it was separated from the genus Aster . It is now found under the name Galatella linosyris (L.) Rchb.f. or in the narrower version of the generic term also as Crinitaria linosyris (L.) Less. .
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Galatella linosyris subsp. armoricana (Rouy) Greuter (Syn .: Aster linosyris subsp. armoricanus (Rouy) Kerguélen ): It occurs in France.
- Galatella linosyris subsp. fominii (Kem.-Nath.) Greuter (Syn .: Linosyris fominii Kem.-Nath. ): It occurs in Armenia and Georgia.
- Galatella linosyris subsp. linosyris
- Galatella linosyris subsp. pontica (Lipsky) Novopokr. & Bogdan : It occurs in Georgia and in the northern Caucasus.
Common names
In German-speaking countries, the following other trivial names are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally : Goldhaar ( Pomerania ), Goldschopf ( Thuringia ), False toadflax, Güldenes toadflax and large Rhine flowers.
use
The gold aster is occasionally used as an ornamental plant, mostly in trade under the name gold hair aster.
swell
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 .
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
- Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore), Galatella linosyris . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin 2006–2009.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 910 .
- ^ Galatella in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 841, digitized
- ↑ Galatella linosyris on "The Plant List"
- ↑ Werner Greuter: The Euro + Med treatment of Astereae (Compositae) - generic concepts and required new names. In: Willdenowia. Volume 33, No. 1, pp. 45-47, PDF file.
- ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Galatella linosyris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 50, online.
Web links
- Gold aster. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Gold aster . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Steppenaster data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
