Edelweiss (genus)

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Edelweiss
Alpine edelweiss (Leontopodium nivale subsp.alpinum)

Alpine edelweiss ( Leontopodium nivale subsp. Alpinum )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Gnaphalieae
Genre : Edelweiss
Scientific name
Leontopodium
R.Br. ex Cass.

The Edelweiss TYPES ( Leontopodium ) constitute a genus within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). Some varieties of a few species are used as ornamental plants . The medicinal effects of some species have been studied.

description

Illustration of Alpine edelweiss ( Leontopodium nivale subsp. Alpinum )

Vegetative characteristics

Leontopodium species are perennial herbaceous plants . They grow upright to creeping and, depending on the species, reach heights of (rarely only 1 to) 5 to 40 centimeters. In many species, many parts of the plant are hairy white woolly.

The alternate and usually spirally distributed on the stem and arranged in many species in a basal rosette leaves are usually sessile. The leaf blades are hairy on both sides, often gray-white tomentose or woolly. The leaf margin is smooth and flat.

Generative characteristics

Individually or in groups of up to about twenty, cup-shaped partial inflorescences are grouped together in a terminal trugdoldigen inflorescence . The entire inflorescence is surrounded by a star-shaped wreath of spreading, white-woolly hairy bracts, which usually differ in color and size from the leaves. The flower heads have membranous, brownish, transparent bracts in several rows. The inflorescence bases are flat to convex. There are chaff leaves. All flowers are unisexual. In the flower heads there are more female, fertile flowers on the outside than functionally male, fertile flowers in the middle. The yellow corolla tubes of the female, very slender flowers end in three to four and those of the male in five upright corolla lobes. The stylus has hairs in the lower area, while the two branches of the stylus are hairless.

The small fruits are achenes and at most sparsely hairy. The ring of hair or pappus consists of a row of bristles connected at their base. Leontopodia cultivated in the lowlands only develop gray-white flowers.

The chromosome sets are n = 7. Many species are apomictic .

Systematics and occurrence

Leontopodium calocephalum
Whole inflorescences with flower heads of Leontopodium fauriei
Habitus and inflorescences of Leontopodium hayachinense
Habitus and inflorescences of Leontopodium himalayanum
Leontopodium jacotianum
Leontopodium japonicum var. Shiroumense
Habitus and inflorescences of Leontopodium kamtschaticum
Whole inflorescence with flower heads of Leontopodium leontopodioides
Leontopodium palibinianum
Leontopodium shinanense
Habit and inflorescences of Leontopodium sinense

The genus Leontopodium was established in 1819 by Robert Brown in Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini : Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique, Paris , p. 144.

The determination of the Leontopodium species is difficult because the species are often very variable; many species are apomictic . The genus Leontopodium belongs to the tribe Gnaphalieae (Cass.) Lecoq & Juillet in the subfamily Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

Leontopodium species are common in Eurasia . There are 37 species in China, 17 of them only there. The entire area is disjoint , the occurrences in the European mountains are far removed from the main distribution area in the Asian mountains and Tibet. Most species thrive in Asia in the Himalayas, Altai, Siberia, Japan and China. The center of biodiversity is the Tibetan highlands.

Depending on the author, there are 30 to 40 to 58 species in the genus Edelweiss ( Leontopodium ):

  • Leontopodium andersonii C.B.Clarke (Syn .: leontopodium bonatii Beauverd , leontopodium subulatum (Franchet) Beauverd ): It grows in dry grasslands, open forests, steep cliffs and on fallow land at altitudes from 1000 to 3600 meters in Laos , Myanmar and the Chinese provinces of Guizhou , Sichuan and Yunnan .
  • Leontopodium artemisiifolium (H.Lév.) Beauverd : It thrives in meadows, on the edges of forests and river banks at altitudes of 2100 to 3200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Leontopodium aurantiacum Hand .-- Mazz. : This rare species thrives on alpine, stony mats, slopes and rock faces at altitudes of 3600 to 4000 meters in northwestern Yunnan and northern Myanmar .
  • Leontopodium blagoveshczenskyi Vorosch. : It is endemic to the Badzhal'skiy Mountains in the Khabarovsk region .
  • Leontopodium brachyactis Gand. : It thrives between rocks and on stony ground at altitudes of 2200 to 4000 meters. It is quite common in Pakistan , India, western Tibet, and from Nepal to China.
  • Leontopodium caespitosum Diels : It thrives in moist grasslands, in alpine meadows and stony locations at altitudes of 3300 to 3600 meters in Myanmar and in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
  • Leontopodium calocephalum (Franch.) Beauverd : It thrives in grasslands, alpine meadows, in coniferous forests, on lake shores, swamps, in thickets and stony locations at altitudes of 2600 to 4200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai , Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Leontopodium campestre (Ledeb.) Hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Leontopodium fedtschenkoanum Beauverd , Leontopodium ochroleucum var. Campestre (Ledeb.) Grubov. ): It occurs in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Xinjiang.
  • Leontopodium conglobatum (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Leontopodium ochroleucum var. Conglobatum (Turcz.) Grubov ): It occurs in Mongolia , Russia and the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol .
  • Leontopodium coreanum Nakai : The two varieties are only found in Korea:
    • Leontopodium coreanum Nakai var. Coreanum : This endemic occurs only in a small area in North Korea .
    • Leontopodium coreanum var. Hallaisanense (Hand.-Mazz.) DHLee & BHChoi (Syn .: Leontopodium hallaisanense Hand.-Mazz. ): It has had the status of a variety since 2016. This endemic thrives only on the summit area of ​​Mt. Halla on the Korean island of Jeju-do .
  • Leontopodium dedekensii (. Bureau & Franch) Beauverd (Syn .: leontopodium foliosum Beauverd , leontopodium futtereri Diels , leontopodium hastatum Beauverd , leontopodium micranthum Y.Ling ): It comes in Myanmar, Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai , Sichuan and Yunnan ago .
  • Leontopodium delavayanum Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs in western Yunnan and Myanmar.
  • Leontopodium discolor Beauverd (Syn .: Leontopodium coreanum Nakai ): It occurs in Korea, in Japanese Hokkaido and in Russia's Far East: in the regions of Uda , Ussuri and Sakhalin .
  • Leontopodium fangingense Y.Ling : This endemic thrives on moist rocky locations and in the summit area only on Mount Fangjingshan at altitudes of 2100 to 2300 meters in Guizhou.
  • Leontopodium fauriei (Beauverd) Hand.-Mazz. : This endemic occurs only in the northern part of Honshu ,Japan.
  • Leontopodium forrestianum Hand.-Mazz. : This rare species thrives on alpine meadows, slopes and bushes at altitudes of 3500 to 3800 meters in northwestern Yunnan and Myanmar.
  • Leontopodium franchetii Beauverd : It thrives on dry grasslands, slopes and sandy river banks at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 meters in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
  • Leontopodium giraldii Diels : It is a rare endemic with subalpine slopes at altitudes between 2000 and 3200 meters only on Mount Tabaishan in the Chinese province of Shaanxi .
  • Leontopodium haastioides Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs in Bhutan , Sikkim , in the Tibet Autonomous Region and in Muli in Sichuan.
  • Leontopodium haplophylloides Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives on alpine mats, steep slopes, in bushes and on the edge of coniferous forests at altitudes of 2400 to 4000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai and western Sichuan.
  • Leontopodium hayachinense (Takeda) Hara & Kitam. : It occurs in Japan.
  • Leontopodium himalayanum DC. : It thrives on alpine mats and stony slopes at altitudes of 3000 to 5100 meters in the Chinese province of northwestern Yunnan, in the autonomous region of Tibet, in India, Kashmir, Myanmar and Nepal.
  • Leontopodium jacotianum Beauv. (Syn .: Leontopodium paradoxum J.R.Drummond ): Its two varieties occur in Bhutan, India, Kashmir , Nepal and in southern Tibet.
  • Japan edelweiss ( Leontopodium japonicum Miq. ): The two varieties thrive in forests, bushes and on grassy to dry slopes at altitudes of 700 to 2300 meters in Japan and the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Gansu , Henan , Hubei , Jiangsu , Shaanxi , Shanxi , Sichuan, Zhejiang .
  • Leontopodium junpeianum Kitamura (Syn .: Leontopodium linearifolium Hand.-Mazz. , Leontopodium longifolium Y.Ling ): As far as known, the homeland is Tibet and Kashmir.
  • Leontopodium kurilense Takeda (Syn .: Leontopodium kamtschaticum Kom. , Leontopodium antennarioides Soczava ): It occurs in Russia in the Andayr and Penzhina basins, in Russia's Far East in Kamchatka (Mt. Ploskaya), Okhotsk (Ayan Range, Dzhugdzhur), Zeya -Bureya (Dussa-Alin) and on the Sakhalin Island Shikotan .
  • Leontopodium leiolepis Nakai : This endemic only thrives in the high mountains of northern to central Korea.
  • Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauverd (Syn .: Leontopodium sibiricum Cass. ): It occurs in eastern Siberia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong , Shanxi and Xinjiang.
  • Leontopodium microphyllum Hayata : This endemic thrives in rocky alpine areas at altitudes of 3200 to 3800 meters in Taiwan .
  • Leontopodium monocephalum Edgew. (Syn .: Leontopodium fimbrilligerum J.R.Drummond ): It occurs in India , Nepal and Tibet .
  • Leontopodium muscoides Hand .-- Mazz. : This very rare species thrives on alpine meadows, bushes, fir forests and rocky locations at altitudes of 4,000 to 4,200 meters in southeastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan.
  • Leontopodium nanum (Hook. F. & Thomson ex CBClarke) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in Kazakhstan, India, Kashmir, Pakistan, the Tibet Autonomous Region and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang.
  • Alpine edelweiss ( Leontopodium nivale (Ten.) Hand.-Mazz. ): The well-known Alpine edelweiss was published in 2003 by Werner Greuter in Willdenowia , Volume 33, p. 244 by Leontopodium alpinum Cass. assigned to the species Leontopodium nivale and the taxon thus to a subspecies Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Cass.) Greuter recombined. Bloch et al. however, express the assumption that there could be two distinct species. The two subspecies occur in the Alps , in the Jura , in the Carpathian Mountains , on the northern Balkan Peninsula , in the northern Apennines , in the Pyrenees , in the Abruzzo, in the Dinaric Mountains and in the Pirin Mountains .
  • Leontopodium ochroleucum Beauverd ( Leontopodium fischerianum Beauverd , Leontopodium leontopodinum (DC.) Hand.-Mazz. , Leontopodium melanolepis Y.Ling ): It occurs in Kazakhstan, Russia, India, Mongolia, the autonomous region of Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Qinghai as well as Xinjiang.
  • Leontopodium omeiense Y.Ling : It thrives on damp rocks at altitudes of 1,800 to 2,800 meters in southeastern Gansu and western Sichuan.
  • Leontopodium palibinianum Beauverd : This endemic occurs only in Russia's Far East in the Ussuri region (on the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin: Tadushe River, Sudzukhe River-Cape Stolbovoi).
  • Leontopodium pusillum (Beauv.) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in Sikkim, Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, western Sichuan and Xinjiang.
  • Leontopodium roseum Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives on grassy slopes, bushes and dry river beds at altitudes of 1200 to 3700 meters only in western Sichuan.
  • Leontopodium shinanense Kitam. : It is endemic to the Japanese Kiso Mountains .
  • Leontopodium sinense Hemsl. (Syn .: Leontopodium arbusculum Beauverd , Leontopodium niveum Hand.-Mazz. , Leontopodium nobile (Bureau & Franchet) Beauverd , Leontopodium rosmarinoides Hand.-Mazz. , Leontopodium stoechas Hand.-Mazz. ): It thrives on grassy slopes, bushes, dry mountain slopes and river beds at altitudes of mostly 1,300 to 3,600 meters in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou , western Hubei , Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Leontopodium smithianum Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives on subalpine mats or dry grasslands at altitudes of 1600 to 2900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai , Nei Mongol, Shaanxi and Shanxi.
  • Leontopodium souliei Beauverd : It thrives in grasslands, thickets and open forests at altitudes of 2700 to 4500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and in the autonomous region of Tibet.
  • Leontopodium stoloniferum Hand.-Mazz. : This endemic thrives on moist river banks at altitudes of 2900 to 3600 meters only in Daofu in the Sichuan province.
  • Leontopodium stracheyi (Hook. F.) CBClarke ex Hemsl. : It thrives in meadows, bushes, sparse forests and steep slopes at altitudes of 2000 to 4700 meters in northern India, Nepal and the Chinese provinces of Qinghai , Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan, as well as in Tibet .
  • Leontopodium suffruticosum Y.L.Chen : This endemic thrives in dry river beds at altitudes of around 3200 meters in eastern Tibet.
  • Leontopodium villosulum A.P. Khokhr. : In Russia's Far East it occurs only in Khabarovsk and Magadan .
  • Leontopodium villosum Hand.-Mazz. : It is a very rare endemic to alpine mats at altitudes of around 4000 meters only in Baoxing in the Sichuan province.
  • Leontopodium wilsonii Beauverd (Syn .: Leontopodium chuii Hand.-Mazz. ): It thrives in China in meadows, bushes and on rocks at altitudes of 2000 to 2500 meters in southern Gansu and Sichuan.

A greater number of nature hybrids have been described. Heinrich von Handel-Mazzetti reported on some natural hybrids in China in the 1920s and 1930s. Examples are Leontopodium × albogriseum Hand.-Mazz. (from Yunnan) and Leontopodium × gracile hand.-Mazz. (from western Sichuan). However, according to the knowledge of the editors of the Flora of China , it is difficult to distinguish them.

Edelweiss on a coin of the National Bank of Kazakhstan

symbol

Not only the alpine edelweiss, but also other species are popular symbols, for example on coins and postage stamps.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Leontopodium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Yousheng Chen, Randall J. Bayer: Leontopodium , P. 778 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 .
  3. ↑ a b c C. Blöch, WB Dickoré, R. Samuel, Tod F. Stuessy: Molecular phylogeny of the Edelweiss (Leontopodium, Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae). In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 67, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 235-264. doi : 10.1017 / S0960428610000065
  4. ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask for The Global Compositae Checklist .
  5. ↑ VN Voroshilov: Leontopodium blagoveshczenskyi new species of edelweiss. In: Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii , 1979, pp. 102-104.
  6. ↑ a b c Leontopodium at Ornamental Plants From Russia And Adjacent States Of The Former Soviet Union .
  7. ↑ a b c d e Stanwyn G. Shetler, Galina N. Fet et al .: Compositae - Tribes Eupatorieae, Astereae, Inuleae, Ambrosieae, Heliantheae and Helenieae, 1999: BKSchischkin (ed.), In: Flora of the USSR , Volume 25, Leontopodium , pp. 318-361 - scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  8. ^ A b c d e Dong-Hyuk Lee, Jong-Su Park, Byoung-Hee Choi: A taxonomic review of Korean Leontopodium R. Br. Ex Cassini (Asteraceae). In: Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy , Volume = 46, Issue 2, 2016, pp. 149–162. online doi : 10.11110 / kjpt.2016.46.2.149 ISSN 1225-8318 (English)
  9. ↑ Leontopodium discolor - data sheet at asianflora.com .
  10. ↑ Ching-I Peng Kuo-Fang Chung, Hui-Lin Li: Compositae in the Flora of Taiwan : Leontopodium - Online.
  11. ^ A b Werner Greuter : The genus Leontopodium at Euro-Mediterranean plans diversity .

Supplementary literature

  • Stefan Safer, Karin Tremetsberger, Yan-Ping Guo, Gudrun Kohl, Mary R. Samuel, Tod F. Stuessy, Hermann Stuppner: Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Leontopodium (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) based on AFLP data. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 165, 2011, pp. 364-377. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2011.01117.x

Web links

Commons : Edelweiss ( Leontopodium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files