Magadan

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Magadan (disambiguation) .

city Magadan Магадан flag coat of arms Federal district far East Oblast Magadan Urban district Magadan mayor Andrei Popov ( United Russia ) Founded 1929 City since 1939 surface 180  km² population 95,982 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 533 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 70  m Time zone UTC + 11 Telephone code (+7) 4132 Post Code 685000-685031 License Plate 49 OKATO 44 401 Website www.magadangorod.ru Geographical location Coordinates 59 ° 34 '  N , 150 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 59 ° 34 '0 "  N , 150 ° 48' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Magadan Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Magadan ( Russian Магадан ) is a Russian port city in Magadan Oblast on two bays of the Sea of Okhotsk . The city has 95,982 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

The harbor, which is also ice-free in winter, is used for military purposes. It was a restricted area until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Today the city of Magadan is open to tourists and the military port can also be used by civilian ships.

location

Magadan is located on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk , on the land connection between the mainland and the Staritsky Peninsula ( Poluostrow Starizkogo ). The two banks of the land link are in the form of bays and are called Nagajew Bay ( Buchta Nagajewa ) and Gertner Bay ( Buchta Gertnera ). At the same time, it is located in the middle of a mountainous area. Magadan is 5924 km northeast of Moscow as the crow flies.

climate

Magadan
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     14th   -15 -20     14th   -13 -18     11   -8th -15     28   -2 -8th     46   5 -1     53   11 5     69   14th 9     72   15th 9     81   10 5     74   1 -4     45   -9 -14     27   -13 -17 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Magadan Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −14.8 −12.7 −8.3 −2.2 4.6 10.9 14.3 14.9 10.1 1.0 −8.7 −12.9 O −0.3 Min. Temperature (° C) −19.5 −18.2 −15.0 −8.3 −1.0 4.5 8.8 9.2 4.6 −4.2 −13.5 −17.4 O −5.8 Precipitation ( mm ) 14th 14th 11 28 46 53 69 72 81 74 45 27 Σ 534 Rainy days ( d ) 4th 4th 3 6th 7th 7th 9 9 9 9 8th 5 Σ 80 Source: Roshydromet

history

Magadan was initially set up in 1929 as a forced labor camp for prisoners who arrived from Vladivostok by ship. In the 1930s, the settlement became the administrative center of the Gulag camp complex of the Far North Building Administration and the headquarters of Dalstroi in the region. The town and port were mainly built by prisoners and exiles . At the same Dalstroy began building the Kolymatrasse to the 300 km northern goldfields at Kolyma .

Extensive marshland and adverse building conditions meant that a 600 km long route was actually created for this stretch . Over the years the road was extended to Jakutsk , 1,700 km away . Magadan was granted city rights in 1939 and served mainly as a transit camp for the penal and labor camps of the Stalin era in the hinterland until the 1950s .

Magadan currently has about 100,000 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 1990s, during the city's heyday as a military port, there were still over 150,000 inhabitants. Due to the significant reduction in military facilities, the number of the population has been decreasing since then.

In 1990 and 1991 attempts were made to build up tourism (fishing and hunting) through contacts with German tour operators (HFT). After initial success, the contact was broken off again because Magadan did not have the necessary infrastructure .

Population development

year	Residents
1939	27,313
1959	62,225
1970	92.105
1979	121,250
1989	151,652
2002	99,399
2010	95,982

Note: census data

Economy and Transport

Mining equipment is manufactured in the city. There are also fish processing , engineering and metal processing plants. In 1933 a large power station was built with an output of 672 megawatts. There has also been a thermal power station since 1962 .

The seaport, which is important for Northeast Russia , is navigable all year round. Magadan also has Sokol International Airport . The city is connected to the Russian road network via the federal trunk road R504 Kolyma . In Nizhny Bestjach near Yakutsk this connects to the federal highway A360 Lena . From the 2000s onwards, a large number of missing or damaged bridges were rebuilt or repaired, particularly on the section between Yakutsk and Magadan; The routing is also partly new: via Ust-Nera instead of the previously more southerly route via Oimjakon . Only the Lena tributary, Aldan , is still crossed by car ferry or over the ice in winter (as of 2020).

A monitoring station of the SDKM system is located in Magadan .

Culture and sights

Trinity Cathedral in Magadan (2009)

Memorial Mask of Mourning (2008)

The Russian Orthodox Holy Trinity Cathedral is 71.2 meters high and the largest Orthodox church in the Russian Far East . The church was built from 2001 in memory of the victims of political repression on the foundations of an unfinished house of the Soviets . On September 1, 2011, the cathedral was inaugurated by the patriarch Kyrill I.

In Magadan there is a memorial in honor of the victims of the Stalinist repression , which was inaugurated on June 12, 1996. It is called the Mask of Mourning and was designed by Ernst Neiswestny . Inside the memorial there is a replica of a typical prison cell in which political prisoners sat during the Stalin era. On September 24, 2008, then Russian President Dmitry Medvedev visited the memorial and laid flowers.

politics

The Mayor of Magadan City, Andrei Popov ( United Russia ), was elected to his post on May 6, 2014.

In the 2012 presidential election in Russia , 52.91 percent of Magadans voted for Vladimir Putin , 22.10 percent for Gennady Zyuganov , 11.26 percent for Mikhail Prokhorov , 8.79 percent for Vladimir Zhirinovsky and 3.91 percent for Sergei Mironov .

Further educational institutions

• Branch of the Khabarovsk State Technical University
• Branch of the Moscow State Legal Academy
• Northeast State University (Северо-Восточный государственный университет)
• Institute of Biological Problems of the North
• Institute for the Study of the Underwater World

media

The regional newspaper with the highest circulation and at the same time the official gazette of the oblast administration is Magadanskaya Pravda , which has been published since 1932 .

Picture gallery

• 

  Magadan (2008)

• 

  Lenin Street (2008)

• 

  Beach (2011)

• 

  Airfield (2014)

• 

  Church (2007)

sons and daughters of the town

• Vladimir Schmeljow (* 1946), pentathlete
• Anatoli Bykow (* 1953), wrestler and Olympic champion (1976)
• Pavel Vinogradov (* 1953), spaceman
• Ilgvars Misāns (* 1955), Latvian historian and university professor
• Viktor Rybakov (* 1956), boxer
• Jascha Nemtsov (* 1963), pianist and musicologist
• Jelena Välbe (* 1968), cross-country skier
• Natallja Ryschankowa (* 1972), biathlete
• Dmitri Ipatow (* 1984), ski jumper
• Ekaterina Litvinzewa (* 1986), pianist
• Sasha Luss (* 1992), model and actress
• Alexandra Kustowa (* 1998), ski jumper
• Anna Schukowa (* 1999), ski jumper

Other personalities

• The German literary scholar Trude Richter lived here from 1946 to 1949 between her release from the Gulag and subsequent exile to Ust-Omtschug .
• The singer Mikhail Schufutinsky performed regularly in one of the restaurants in Magadan from 1971 to 1974.

Town twinning

• Anchorage , United States , since 1991
• Tonghua , People's Republic of China , since 1992
• Jelgava , Latvia , since 2006
• Slatitsa , Bulgaria , since 2012
• Shuangyashan , People's Republic of China, since 2013

Web links

Commons : Magadan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Magadan City Council website. Retrieved May 23, 2015 (Russian). 
• Overview map of the camps in the northeast of the RSFSR on the website of Memorial / Germany. Retrieved May 23, 2015 . 
• Magadan on the site mojgorod.ru. Retrieved May 23, 2015 (Russian). 
• Lewi Bridges: Magadan: The city at the end of the "bone road". In: Russia TODAY. December 28, 2013, accessed May 23, 2015 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Report of the consecration. Retrieved September 8, 2011 (Russian). 
3. ↑ Главная стройка Магадана. Retrieved September 8, 2011 (Russian). 
4. ↑ Official election result. In: Central Electoral Commission of the Russian Federation . March 4, 2012, Retrieved June 13, 2013 (Russian). 
5. ↑ biography on the Peoples.ru website. Retrieved May 23, 2015 (Russian).