Trude Richter

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Trude Richter , actually Erna Barnick (born November 19, 1899 in Magdeburg , † January 4, 1989 in Leipzig ) was a German literary scholar and writer .

Life

She was born as the daughter of a senior post councilor and studied philosophy , German and theology from 1920 to 1924 , and according to other sources, German, history and art history in Berlin and Frankfurt am Main , before receiving her doctorate in 1924 .

She then worked as a teacher and in 1926 acquired the qualification to teach German and history at a grammar school . At first she was a member of the SPD from 1926 to 1929 , but became increasingly involved in a communist student group. She also became a member of the Red Aid of Germany (RHD) and the International Workers Aid (IAH). Since 1926/27 she lived in a partnership with the Marxist economist Hans Günther (1899–1938). In 1930 or 1931 she became a member of the KPD and lived in Berlin from 1931. In 1932 she was elected First Secretary of the Association of Proletarian Revolutionary Writers (BPRS) on the recommendation of Johannes R. Becher (1891-1958) . She also worked for the magazine Hieb und Stich, published by the BPRS in 1933 . Already earlier as an employee of the Frankfurter Arbeiterzeitung she had used the common name Trude Richter as a pseudonym for reasons of conspiracy in order to be able to continue working as a teacher (i.e. in the civil service).

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , she was initially involved in the resistance . She hid the persecuted, carried out courier services between Berlin and Prague and collected material for illegal publications. In 1934, however, she followed her partner, Hans Günther, who had already emigrated, and went to the Soviet Union . Günther worked there as an employee at the Communist Academy and as a writer. There she completed her habilitation thesis and taught at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute for Modern Languages. On November 3, 1936, she received Soviet citizenship ; the day after on November 4th, she and her significant other were arrested. After a year in pre- trial detention , she was sentenced without trial to five years in one of the Gulag labor camps for alleged counterrevolutionary Trotskyist activity. From August 17, 1938 she was interned in the camp area on the Kolyma (first Northeast ITL , later Tenka-ITL des Dalstroi ). Hans Günther was also on his way to Kolyma, but died of typhus on November 10, 1938 in the transit camp in Vladivostok . Trude Richter was released from prison on September 14, 1946. From 1946 to 1949 she worked as a cloakroom woman in the Gorky Theater in Magadan . She also helped with the equipment of the pieces and in the orchestra.

On August 23, 1949, she was arrested again and deported to Ust-Omtschug - the administrative seat of Tenka-ITL - and assigned to the mining administration there. Trude Richter tried to hang herself. The suicide attempt failed, however, because the rope broke. From 1950 to 1953 she worked there as a pianist in the culture club and foreign language teacher in adult education. In 1953 she was released from prison. She returned to Moscow and was re-admitted to the Communist Party. A final rehabilitation did not take place until 1956 after the mediation of Anna Seghers (1900–1983). Trude Richter then moved to the GDR and taught at the Johannes R. Becher Literature Institute in Leipzig from 1957 to 1966 . Here she was also active as a mentor of later famous writers such as Hans Weber (1937–1987) and Horst Salomon (1929–1972). She published articles on the socialist literary movement and began to write down her experiences from the Soviet camp as early as the 1960s. In 1972 she published the first part of her memoirs under the title Die Plakette . However , she was initially not allowed to publish her complete memoirs, including the time in the camp, in the GDR. Corresponding 1973 existing efforts were part of the SED - Politburo prevented. In 1987 she was accepted on the board of the GDR Writers' Association.

Trude Richter died in 1989 and was a staunch communist for the rest of her life. Posthumously yet appeared in 1990 in the GDR their work Pronounced dead , in which the storage time is displayed. The place and year of completion of the work are given by Yalta , September 1964.

Trude Richter's grave is located in the Leipzig South Cemetery .

Works

  • The Volksbuch von Barbarossa and stories from Emperor Friedrich the Other , Jena 1925
  • Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa in History , Jena 1926
  • The fine arts in the context of German studies , Berlin 1927
  • Gerhart Hauptmanns narrative technique , Bamberg without year
  • Literary history reader , Charkow 1934
  • On socialist realism , speaker material, Art and Literature Section, 1958
  • The luck of the bitter , Halle (Saale) 1969
  • The badge , Halle (Saale) 1972
  • Totgesagt , Complete Edition, 1990 (posthumous)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Obituary in Neues Deutschland, January 5, 1989, p. 5.
  2. ↑ Ursula Köhler-Lutterbeck, Monika Siedentopf, Lexicon of 1000 Women , Verlag JHW Dietz Nachhaben GmbH, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-8012-0276-3 , page 299
  3. ↑ Information on Trude Richter on the Memorial / Germany website
  4. ^ Institute for the History of the Labor Movement (ed.): In the Fangs of the NKVD: German Victims of the Stalinist Terror in the USSR . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-320-01632-6 , p. 185
  5. ^ Institute for the History of the Labor Movement (ed.): In the Fangs of the NKVD: German Victims of the Stalinist Terror in the USSR . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-320-01632-6 , p. 185
  6. ↑ Information on Trude Richter on the Memorial / Germany website
  7. ↑ Ursula Köhler-Lutterbeck, Monika Siedentopf, Lexicon of 1000 Women , Verlag JHW Dietz Nachhaben GmbH, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-8012-0276-3 , page 299
  8. ↑ Declared dead. Memories. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle / Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-354-00580-7 , p. 9
  9. ↑ Critique of Totgesagt , page 2 at Zeit-Online
  10. ↑ Information on Trude Richter on the Memorial / Germany website
  11. ↑ NORTHEAST ITL to the website of Memorial / Germany
  12. ↑ TENKA-ITL on the website of Memorial / Germany
  13. ^ Entry by Hans Günther in the biographical database of the Federal Foundation for Work-Up
  14. ↑ Critique of Totgesagt , page 2 at Zeit-Online
  15. ↑ Criticism of dead said by Zeit-Online
  16. ↑ Information on Trude Richter on the Memorial / Germany website
  17. ↑ Trude Richter: Dead said . Memories. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle / Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-354-00580-7 , p. 457
personal data
SURNAME Judge, Trude
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Barnick, Erna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German literary scholar
DATE OF BIRTH November 19, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH 4th January 1989
Place of death Leipzig