Jeju-do

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Coordinates: 33 ° 22 '  N , 126 ° 32'  E

Jeju-do
Hangul : 제주 특별 자치도
Hanja : 濟 州 特別 自治 道
Revised Romanization : Jeju teukbyeol jachido
McCune-Reischauer : Cheju t'ŭkpyŏl chach'ido
Basic data
Surface: 1,845.55 km²
Residents: 605,619 (as of 2015)
Population density : 328 inhabitants per km²
Structure : 2 cities ( Si )
Administrative headquarters : Jeju-si
Japan Nordkorea de-facto Japan - von Südkorea beansprucht Gyeongsangbuk-do Seoul Daejeon Busan Ulsan Daegu Gwangju Incheon Jeju-do Gangwon-do Gyeonggi-do Chungcheongnam-do Chungcheongbuk-do Jeollanam-do Jeollabuk-do Gyeongsangnam-doJeju-do
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Jeju-do is a province in South Korea around the subtropical volcanic island Jejudo south of the Korean Peninsula . Jejudo is the largest South Korean island and was also known under the name Quelpart . Its area was administratively separated from the Jeollanam-do province in 1946 and since then, together with some other islands such as Udo and the Chuja Islands, has formed the smallest province (since July 1, 2006 special autonomous province) in South Korea.

Names

In Korean, do means both island and province, only the hanja differ. In the Romanized form, the province, which, as said, also includes other islands, is written with a hyphen, but the island itself is not.

Revised Rome. Hangeul Hanja
Special Autonomous Province * Jeju
(official name) 		Jeju teukbyeol jachido 제주 특별 자치도 濟 州 特別 自治 道
Jeju-do (short name of the province) Jeju-do 제주도 濟 州 道
Jejudo (island) Jejudo 제주도 濟州島
Jeju City (northern half of the island) Jeju-si 제주시 濟 州市

* since July 1, 2006

geography

Hallasan's crater

The island consists of volcanic materials that come from Mount Hallasan , the highest mountain in South Korea at 1,950 meters. This extinct volcano is located in the middle of the island and has a crater lake. The mountain and the surrounding area is a national park. Hundreds of volcanically formed hills with many lava tunnels give the landscape its own atmosphere. Jeju-do also has the only waterfall in Asia that falls directly into the sea.

description

The capital of the province is Jeju-si in the north of the island. The island itself is on the Korea Strait , southwest of Jeollanam-do . The province also includes 26 small islands that are close to the main island.

Although the island is strategically located, the ports have not yet been developed. This was due to the flat beaches with underwater stones, which are dangerous for shipping. The main port of the island is in the city of Jeju-si in the north. However, the Gangjeong naval base has been under construction since 2011 .

Koreans are proud of Jeju Island, considering the island a gem. The subtropical island attracts many national tourists and is particularly popular as a destination for honeymoons (see also Love Land ). Visitors to the South Korean holiday island are occasionally surprised at the seaside by a whistling sound that sounds like the whistle of a locomotive in the distance. It is the so-called sumbisori , which the Haenyeo emit when they emerge from the sea and blow out the air they inhale before diving. Haenyeo ("sea women") are the name given to the almost six thousand islanders who still practice the traditional trade of diving for seafood on Jeju today. They bring algae, snails, mussels and other shellfish as well as sea urchins and sea cucumbers from the sea floor. To do this, they dive up to 20 meters deep without breathing apparatus, only with a wetsuit , diving mask and fins .

The Koreans regard Jeju Island as a mysterious, mythical island. Until about 100 years ago, the island, 85 kilometers south of the Korean mainland, was largely cut off from the outside world. The most important external contact was made up of exiles who had been deported to Jeju primarily for political reasons. The traditional shaman religions have been preserved on the island to this day. Around 18,000 different deities are said to be worshiped here.

The subtropical climate makes Jeju important for Korean agriculture. Mandarins, mushrooms and tea in particular are exported. Tourism has been developing since the 1970s and is increasingly becoming the main source of income.

The flower of the province is the rhododendron Rhododendron weyrichii ( Chamkkot ). The tree of the province is the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Siebold ( Noknamu ). The province's bird is the white-backed woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos quelpartensis .

history

Former flag of Jeju-do

The Tamna Kingdom (Japanese: Tanimora) ruled Jeju-do until the 12th century . It is believed that Old Japanese was spoken in Jeju until the year 700, which was gradually supplanted by Korean immigrants from Silla and Baekje. Even today there are some loan words from Japanese.

Jeju-do came under the rule of a Korean empire only in 938. During the Goryo (935-1392) and the Joseon Dynasties (1392-1910), the island often served as a political exile.

The Dutch navigator Hendrik Hamel (1630–1692) was the first known European in 1666 to report on Korea . He was stranded on Jeju-do in 1653 on a trip from Japan to a Dutch colony in Indonesia with 35 companions who survived the shipwreck and named the island Quelpart . They were imprisoned on the Korean mainland thanks to the foreclosure policy enforced by the Manchus and their origins from the "archenemy" Japan. Another Dutchman (Jan Weltevree), who had been imprisoned there for 26 years, initially translated. Hamel was only able to flee to Japan 13 years later with seven other seamen. He described his experiences in a travel description that was read all over Europe.

First maps of this marine region also show Mt. Halla as Mt. Auckland .

Human remains (killed by smoke) in Darangshi Cave , Jeju

Shortly after the Second World War and before the establishment of a right-wing local government by the US military government in Seoul , an uprising broke out in Jeju on April 3, 1948. Police and army fought back with great brutality - under the eyes of USAMGIK . According to official Korean data, 270 of a total of 400 villages on the island were wiped out and more than 27,000 people were killed in the genocide-like Jeju massacre between April 1948 and August 1949. Other estimates vary between 30,000 and 60,000 people or more - out of a total population of about 300,000 people.

During the soccer world championship in 2002 the German team was accommodated in Seogwipo , in whose stadium three games took place.

For several years now, there has been a great deal of controversy over the ongoing construction of the extensive Gangjeong naval base on part of the island. Despite massive resistance from the local population, who fear a severe destruction of the unique nature of the island, construction continues.

Administrative division

The Special Autonomous Province of Jeju-do, which covers the entire island, is divided into two cities:

  • Jeju-si ( 제주시 , 濟 州市 ; occupies the northern half of the island)
  • Seogwipo -si ( 서귀포시 , 西歸浦 市 ; occupies the southern half of the island)

Until June 30, 2006 there were also the districts

  • Bukjeju-gun ( 북제주군 , 北 濟 州郡 ; now to the city of Jeju; consisted of two areas to the west and east of it in the northern half of the island)
  • Namjeju-gun ( 남제주군 , 南 濟 州郡 ; now to the city of Seogwipo; consisted of two areas to the west and east of it in the southern half of the island)

Sister provinces

Jeju has four sister territories, all of which are also islands:

Power supply

Since 1996 there has been a submarine cable connection from the South Korean mainland to Jeju Island, the HVDC Haenam – Cheju.

Attractions

The stone walls of Jeju-do are considered to be an important cultural heritage for the island , which as Batdam ( recken ) extend over 22,100 km across the entire island like a spider's web , and as Wondam ( 원담 ) was built on shallower parts of the coast in the sea for fishing and as Sandam ( 산담 ) to peace and protect the graves of the deceased.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander. 2013. 'From Koguryǒ to T'amna: Slowly Riding South with the Speakers of Proto-Korean.' Korean Linguistics, 15.2: 222-40.
  2. ↑ The long and terrible April 3rd - some facts about the Jeju-do uprising (PDF 1.3 MB), by Gisela Köllner, in the magazine KoreaForum 1–2 / 2010, accessed on January 6, 2013
  3. ↑ a b Christian Schmidt-Häuer: "Kill everyone, burn everything!" In: Online publication of the weekly newspaper Die Zeit . May 23, 2002, accessed January 6, 2014 .
  4. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/07/opinion/sunday/Steinem-the-arms-race-intrudes-on-a-south-korean-paradise.html?ref=global-home
  5. ^ Christian Schmidt-Häuer: "Requiem for a fishing village". In: Online publication of the weekly newspaper Die Zeit . September 28, 2011, accessed January 6, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Lee Chang-guy: The Historical Legacy of the Stone Walls of Jeju-do . In: Koreana . Volume 13, No. 2. The Korea Foundation , 2018, ISSN  1975-0617 , p. 4–11 (German-language edition).

literature

  • Siegfried Genthe: Korea. Travel directions . 1905, new edition 2005
  • Gari Ledyrad: The Dutch Come To Korea . Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Seoul 1971
  • Edward Belcher: Narrative of the HMS Samarang. During the years 1843-46 . Benham and Reeve, London 1848
  • C. Chaille-Long: From Corea to Quelpart Island. In the footprints of Kublai-Khan . Bulettin (Journal) of the American Geographical Society. 22, 2 (1890) pp. 218-266
  • William Franklin Sands: Undiplomatic Memories . 1930

Web links

Commons : Jeju-do  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
On the unrest after the Second World War