McCune-Reischauer
McCune-Reischauer , along with the revised Romanization and the Yale Romanization, is one of the most widely used transcriptions for the Korean script . The South Korean Ministry of Education raised a slightly modified version of McCune-Reischauer 1988 to the official transcription. In 2000, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism then introduced the revised Romanization, which was also based on the McCune-Reischauer, as an official system, which has established itself in official publications and on street signs and has also ousted McCune-Reischauer from many newer, non-governmental publications, However, Koreans pay as little attention to the private life as the McCune-Reischauer Romanization before. Yet another variant of the McCune-Reischauer remains the official romanization in North Korea . The respective official ISO transcriptions of North and South Korea do not play a major role.
McCune-Reischauer was created in 1937 by the two Americans George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer . They dispensed with a true-to-original transliteration of the Hangeul characters and were more oriented towards a phonetic rendering of Korean words for English-speaking readers.
special character
The legend used Briefs , apostrophes and tremas that are for technical reasons or ignorance often omitted or replaced.
In Korean words romanized according to McCune-Reischauer, ŭ stands for the written Hangeul vowel ㅡ, regardless of its actual pronunciation. Depending on the speaker, this is more or less similar to the first “e” in German “g e giving”, but only if ㅡ is used as a vowel alone or in the initial voice. The letter ŏ stands for the sound value of the Hangeul vowel ㅓ, realized by most speakers like the “o” in “ o ffen”. In contrast to ŭ, ŏ is only written if this pronunciation is actually available, i.e. when romanizing ㅓ (= ŏ) and ㅕ (= yŏ), but not with the digraphs ㅔ (= e) and ㅖ (= ye).
Breven problem
With 2 (du) -beolsik , the most widely used input method for Korean, a free-hanging breve can be entered by typing the consonant ㄱ ( giyeok ) and pressing the hanja or Ctrl key. Entering vowels with a breve, on the other hand, does not support Western keyboards or input methods for the Korean language such as 2-beolsik . The Hangeul vowel ㅓ, for example, is often romanized with o , eo , ô , ǒ or er instead of ŏ due to such technical restrictions . The lack of the Breve, which is often enough decisive for the meaning of a word, or a uniform procedure for its replacement, can be considered one of the reasons why McCune-Reischauer found only moderate acceptance abroad, but especially in Korea itself, and in the late 20th century McCune-Reischauer was replaced by systems that did not use any diacritical marks: the Yale romanization in linguistics, the revised Romanization in other areas.
alphabet
Vowels
| ㅣ i | ㅏ a | ㅑ ya | ㅘ wa |
| ㅓ ŏ | ㅕ yŏ | ㅝ wŏ | |
| ㅟ wi | |||
| ㅐ ae | ㅒ yae | ㅙ wae | |
| ㅔ e¹ | ㅖ ye | ㅞ we | |
| ㅡ ŭ | ㅗ o | ㅛ yo | |
| ㅜ u | ㅠ yu | ||
| ㅚ oe | |||
| ㅢ ŭi |
¹ ë after ㅏ or ㅗ
Consonants
| Final consonant | Initial consonant of the next syllable | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ㅇ | ㄱ k | ㄴ n | ㄷ t | ㄹ (r) | ㅁ m | ㅂ p | ㅅ s | ㅈ ch | ㅊ ch ' | ㅋ k ' | ㅌ t ' | ㅍ p ' | ㅎ h | |
| ㅇ ng | ng | ng g | ngn | ng d | ng n | ngm | ng b | ngs | ng y | ngch ' | ngk ' | ngt ' | ngp ' | ngh |
| ㄱ k | G | kk | ng n | kt | ngn | ng m | kp | ks | kch | kch ' | kk ' | kt ' | kp ' | kh |
| ㄴ n | n | n'g | nn | n d | ll / n n | nm | n b | ns | n y | nch ' | nk ' | nt ' | np ' | nh |
| ㄹ l | r | lg | l l | according to | l l | lm | l b | ls | l | l ' | lk ' | lt ' | lp ' | r h |
| ㅁ m | m | m g | mn | m d | m n | mm | m b | ms | m j | mch ' | mk ' | mt ' | mp ' | mh |
| ㅂ p | b | pk | m n | pt | mn | m m | pp | ps | pch | pch ' | pk ' | pt ' | pp ' | ph |
In column one, an initial consonant before a vowel to indicate non-stress.
Web links
General
- Transcription rules (PDF; 766 kB) of the Library of Congress , which are largely based on the 1939 original, but seem to mean something different with "McCune-Reischauer rules and tables" and identify many, but not all, deviations from the 1939 rules as such
Online tool
- Hangeul converter - Romaja-RR-MCR (English, Korean)
- Hangeul converter - Romaja-MCR (German, Korean)
Offline tool
- K-Romanizer (English, Korean)