Button herbs

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Button herbs
Hairy button herb (Galinsoga quadriradiata)

Hairy button herb ( Galinsoga quadriradiata )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Millerieae
Genre : Button herbs
Scientific name
Galinsoga
Ruiz & Pav.
Illustration of the small-flowered button herb ( Galinsoga parviflora )
Small-flowered button herb ( Galinsoga parviflora )
Hairy button herb ( Galinsoga quadriradiata )

The button herbs ( Galinsoga ), colloquially French herb called, are a genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The scientific generic name is reminiscent of Ignacio Mariano Martinez de Galinsoga (1766–1797), personal physician of the Spanish court and founder of the Botanical Garden of Madrid.

description

In Galinsoga TYPES is often only small, one-year herbaceous plants that reach depending on the type plant height 2-62 cm. The constantly against the stem arranged distributed leaves are stalked and simple. The leaf margins are smooth to serrated. Leaf surfaces are hairy to varying degrees.

The usually small cup-shaped inflorescences are grouped in branched overall inflorescences . The six to nine, rarely up to 16 bracts are usually in two, rarely three rows. The inflorescence base is conical. The chaff leaves are retained or quickly perish. The flower heads usually contain five, sometimes three to eight, rarely none to 15 ray-florets and usually five to 50 and rarely up to 150 tubular florets . The female, fertile ray florets are relatively short and white to pink or purple in color with tongues that end with up to three corolla lobes. The yellow tubular flowers are hermaphroditic and fertile. The anthers are yellow.

The pappus of the achenes is small and consists of five to twenty white or gray scales and is barely recognizable or missing.

Systematics and distribution

The range of the genus Galinsoga are tropical and subtropical areas of the New World ( Neotropic ). However, some species have been carried away by humans all over the world ( neophytes ).

The genus Galinsoga today belongs to the tribe Millerieae in the subfamily of the Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The genus Galinsoga was first published in 1794 by Hipólito Ruiz López & José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez in Florae peruvianae et chilensis prodromus ... , 110, plate 24. Synonyms for Galinsoga Ruiz & Pav. Are Adventina Raf. and Stemmatella Wedd. ex Benth.

Depending on the opinion, there are 10 to more than 33 types of Galinsoga . Two very similar species occur worldwide and also in Central Europe as neophytes , they are often unpopular " weeds " even with gardeners :

  • Hairy button herb , ciliate button herb or shaggy French herb ( Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón , Syn . : Adventina ciliata Raf. , Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) SFBlake )
  • Small-flowered button herb or small-flowered French herb ( Galinsoga parviflora Cav. )

According to Canne (1977), other species of the genus are:

Since then, the following have been newly described:

Web links

Commons : Button herbs ( Galinsoga )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

literature

  • Judith M. Canne: A revision of the genus Galinsoga (Compositae: Heliantheae) . In: Rhodora, vol. 79, p. 319-389, 1977.
  • Judith M. Canne-Hilliker: Galinsoga in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, p. 180: Online.
  • Entry at GRIN.

Individual evidence

  1. Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  2. ^ A b Galinsoga in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. Hansgeorg Molitor The hereditary enemy in the garden. Historical notes on French herb (Galinsoga parviflora) in Open Structure , editors Fritz Nies and Henning Krauss, Gunter Narr Verlag (1994), pp. 347-356