Tageteae

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tageteae
Tagetes lemmonii

Tagetes lemmonii

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Tageteae
Scientific name
Tageteae
Cass.

The Tageteae Cass. are a tribe of the Asteroideae . It contains 16 to 23 genera with around 216 species. The center of biodiversity is the arid Mexican highlands:

features

Tageteae are annual or perennial, rarely water-living (aquatic) herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees. Some genera ( Flaveria , Pectis ) belong to the C4 plants . The leaves are alternate or opposite, the simple, pinnate or double-pinnate leaf blade is thread-like to broadly ovate in outline. There are often translucent oil glands on the leaf margin or scattered across the leaf blade. The basket-like head sitting in heads articles which as terminal, grape-like cymes are formed rarely sit individually schaftartigem, sometimes hollow head state. The heads have tubular florets on the inside, which are surrounded by a ring of bilobed ray florets, which can rarely be missing. The shell of the head is simple, dome-shaped or hemispherical, sometimes with an outer shell. The bracts of the head shell are in one to five rows, they are equal to each other or be greater towards the outside. They are mostly glandular, often with oval, sometimes line-shaped, translucent glands. The base of the head occasionally has scales, bristles or chaff leaves. The disc-shaped flowers are poisonous, sometimes some functionally purely male, their inflorescence is five-fold (rarely three or six-fold), usually radial, rarely somewhat zygomorphic . The appendages of the anthers usually do not have glandular hairs, they are usually solidified by the fact that their inner cell layer (endothecium) is reinforced as scleroid with one to two (rarely up to four) polar thickenings. The fruits ( achenes ) are cylindrical or spindle-shaped, rarely flattened and black, rarely brown, colored. They are streaky, loosely to densely hairy, usually condensed with the hair at the base and the tip, and usually have a recognizable stalk. The pappus consists of a few to a moderate number of scales or bristles, sometimes it has regressed to a wreath of scales or is completely absent.

distribution

The tribe is common in the New World and has its distribution center in Mexico and the southern United States. It also occurs in tropical to temperate South America (with the genus Schizotrichia endemic to Peru ) and in the Caribbean (with the genus Harnackia and Lescaillea endemic to Cuba ). Only one species, Flaveria australasica, is endemic to Australia. Some species, in particular from the genus Tagetes (marigolds), are popular ornamental plants and as such have been distributed worldwide, some of them later feral as neophytes.

Genera and species

With the exception of the species-rich genera Pectis (around 75 species), Tagetes (around 55 species) and Porophyllum (around 28 species), it mainly comprises species-poor or monotypical genera. The previously common division into sub-volumes is not supported by molecular analyzes.

  • Tageteae
    • Adenophyllum Pers. : The ten or so species are distributed from the southwestern USA (three species) over Mexico to Central America.
    • Arnicastrum Greenm. : The roughly two types are common in Mexico.
    • Bajacalia Loockerman, BLTurner & RKJansen : It was set up in 2003 with species that were separated from the genus Porophyllum . The only three species are endemic to the Baja California peninsula and the neighboring islands of Ángel de la Guarda, Dátil, San Esteban and Tiburón.
    • Boeberastrum (A. Gray) Rydb. : The only two species are only found in Baja California.
    • Boeberoides (DC.) Strother : It contains only one species:
    • Chrysactinia A.Gray : The five or so species are distributed from the southwestern USA (one species) to Mexico.
    • Clappia A.Gray : It contains only one species:
    • Comaclinium Scheidw. & Planch. : It contains only one type:
    • Coulterella Vasey & Rose : It contains only one type:
    • Dysodiopsis (A. Gray) Rydb. : It contains only one type:
      • Dysodiopsis tagetoides (Torrey & A.Gray) Rydb. : It thrives on limestone outcrops and soils formed over them at altitudes of 100 to 700 meters in the south-central US states of Oklahoma and Texas.
    • Dyssodia Cav. : The four or so species are distributed from North America (only one species) through Mexico to Central America. In South America it occurs as a neophyte.
    • Flaveria Juss. : The approximately 21 species are distributed in the USA (eight species), Mexico, Central America, the Greater Antilles, South America, India, Africa and Australia.
    • Gymnolaena (DC.) Rydb. : The three or so species are common in Mexico.
    • Haploesthes A.Gray : The three or so species are distributed from the southwestern USA (one species) to Mexico.
    • Harnackia Urb. : It contains only one type:
    • Hydropectis Rydb. : The three or so species are common in Mexico.
    • Jamesianthus S.F. Blake & Sherff : It contains only one species:
    • Jaumea Pers. : The only two species are distributed from the western USA (one species) to northwestern Mexico and South America.
    • Lescaillea Griseb. : It contains only one type:
    • Leucactinia Rydb. : It contains only one type:
    • Nicolletia A.Gray : The approximately three types are distributed from the southwestern USA (two types) to northern Mexico.
    • Oxypappus Benth. : It contains only one type:
    • Pectis L .: The approximately 90 species are distributed from North America (13 species) to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean Islands to South America, the Galapagos Islands and Hawaii .
    • Porophyllum Adans. : The approximately 25 species are distributed from the southwest USA (five species) via Mexico, Central America, on the Caribbean islands to South America.
    • Pseudoclappia Rydb. : The only two types are distributed from the southwestern USA (both types) to northern Mexico. Including:
    • Sartwellia A.Gray : The approximately three species are distributed from the southwestern USA (one species) to Mexico.
    • Schizotrichia Benth. : The only two types are common in Peru.
    • Strotheria B.L. Turner : It contains only one species:
    • Tagetes , also called marigold, velvet flower ( Tagetes L. ): The 40 to 56 species are common in the New World. The center of biodiversity is Mexico. Few species are neophytes in some areas of the world. Many varieties are used as ornamental plants.
    • Thymophylla Lag . : The approximately 13 species are naturally distributed from the southwest USA to Mexico. They are neophytes on the Caribbean islands, in South America, Asia and Africa.
    • Urbinella Greenm. : It contains only one type:
    • Varilla A.Gray : The only two species are common from Texas (one species) to Mexico.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c DJ Loockerman, BL Turner, R. K Jansen: Phylogenetic relationships within the Tageteae (Asteraceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast ndhF gene sequences. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 28, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 191-207. Full text on BioOne.
  2. ↑ a b J. Panero: XXII Tribe Tagetae. in AA Anderberg et al .: Compositae. In JW Kadereit and C. Jeffrey (editors): Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. Vol VIII in K. Kubitzki (editor): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Verlag Berlin etc. 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-31050-1 , pp. 420-431.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 19, 20 and 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteraceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford. June 30, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530565-5