Sun bride

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Sun bride
Helenium amarum

Helenium amarum

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Helenieae
Genre : Sun bride
Scientific name
Helenium
L.

The genus Sonnenbraut ( Helenium ) from the sunflower family (Asteraceae) comprises around 32 plant species . Their large distribution area extends over North, Central and South America. Some varieties are used as ornamental plants.

description

Bigelow's Sun Bride ( Helenium bigelovii )
Helenium elegans

The Sonnenbraut species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . The leafy stems stand upright and reach heights of about 10 to 160 centimeters. The alternate leaves are oval, lanceolate to linear in shape, sometimes pinnate. The leaves and stems of various species can be hairy or smooth. The stems are often winged due to the leaf bases that run down.

Each stem bears one or usually several cup-shaped inflorescences . These are spherical or hemispherical and encompassed by two rows of bracts. The ray-florets are absent or are yellow, orange, red, red-brown, occasionally also two-colored. The tubular flowers are numerous with 75 to over 1000 per inflorescence, the four- or five-lobed crown is yellow, yellow-green or reddish in color. The fruits are achenes with pappus .

use

Varieties of a few species are used as ornamental plants. The color spectrum includes warm yellow, orange, red and red-brown colors, the flowering period extends from July to September. Karl Foerster bred some varieties from Helenium bigelovii and Helenium autumnale that are still available today . Since these species come from damp meadows, the plants should be watered if the drought persists. In 2005, the varieties available on the market were evaluated by the Perennial Sighting Working Group. Sonnenbraut is the perennial of the year 2008.

species

Helenium autumnale in the cultivar 'Pumilum Magnificum'
Flower heads of the Helenium hybrid cultivar 'Dunkle Pracht'
Helenium hybrid variety 'Fiesta'
Helenium urmenetae

In 1753, Carl von Linné was the first to scientifically describe the sun bride with the only species known at the time, Helenium autumnale . The plants found commercially under the name Helenium hoopesii belong to the genus Hymenoxys .

Here is a selection of species known today in the genus Helenium :

  • Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock : It is native to the United States, Cuba and Hispaniola, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Coahuila.
  • Helenium arizonicum S.F. Blake : It only occurs in Arizona at altitudes between 1,800 and 2,400 meters.
  • Helenium aromaticum (Hook.) LH Bailey : It occurs only in Chile.
  • Helenium atacamense Cabrera : It occurs only in Chile.
  • Common sun bride ( Helenium autumnale L. ): native to Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
  • Bigelow's Sun Bride ( Helenium bigelovii A. Gray ): It occurs only in Oregon and California at altitudes between 60 and 3400 meters.
  • Helenium bolanderi A. Gray : It occurs in California and Oregon at altitudes between 30 and 200 meters.
  • Helenium brevifolium (Nuttall) Alph. Wood : It occurs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina and Virginia at altitudes between 0 and 80 meters.
  • Helenium campestre Small : It occurs only in Arkansas at altitudes between 100 and 200 meters.
  • Helenium drummondii H. Rock : It occurs in Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas at altitudes between 10 and 50 meters.
  • Helenium elegans DC. : The home is Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas and the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas.
  • Purple Sun Bride ( Helenium flexuosum Raf. ): It occurs in eastern Canada and the United States at altitudes between 10 and 900 meters.
  • Helenium glaucum (Cav.) Stuntz : It occurs in Chile.
  • Helenium linifolium Rydberg : It occurs in Texas at altitudes between 10 and 200 meters.
  • Helenium microcephalum DC. : It occurs in Arizona, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas and in the Mexican states of Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas.
  • Helenium pinnatifidum (Schweinitz ex Nuttall) Rydberg : It occurs in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina at altitudes between 10 and 50 meters.
  • Helenium puberulum DC. : It is originally only found in California and Baja California and is a neophyte in New Zealand.
  • Helenium quadridentatum Labillardière : It occurs in Alabama, Louisiana, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Texas, in Mexico, Belize and Guatemala and in Cuba.
  • Helenium thurberi A. Gray : It occurs in Arizona and Mexico at altitudes between 30 and 1,600 meters.
  • Helenium urmenetae (Phil.) Cabrera : It occurs only in Chile.
  • Helenium vernale Walter : It occurs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina and South Carolina at altitudes between 10 and 50 meters.
  • Helenium virginicum S.F. Blake : It's only found in Virginia and Missouri at altitudes between 300 and 500 meters.

The following are no longer included in the genus Helenium :

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard Hansen , Friedrich Stahl: The perennials and their areas of life . 5th ed. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997, p. 480. ISBN 3-8001-6630-5
  2. ^ Helenium-Sichtung - Website of the AK Staudensichtung
  3. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. 2: 886. Retrieved February 26, 2008.
  4. ↑ List of species. In: GRIN.
  5. ↑ List of species. In: Flora of North America.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Helenium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 6, 2016.

literature

  • Mark W. Bierner: Helenium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee: Flora of North America . Vol. 21, p. 426. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.

Web links

Commons : Helenium  - album with pictures, videos and audio files