Catnips

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Catnips
Nepeta transcaucasica

Nepeta transcaucasica

Systematics
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Sub tribus : Nepetinae
Genre : Catnips
Scientific name
Nepeta
L.

The Catnip ( Nepeta ) is a plant genus within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae). The 250 to 300 species are distributed from Macaronesia through temperate areas of Eurasia to tropical East Africa. The real catnip was Perennial of the Year 2010.

Description and ecology

Illustration of the common catnip ( Nepeta cataria )
Pollen (400 ×) of the common catnip ( Nepeta cataria )
Habit and typical cross-opposite leaves of the grape catnip ( Nepeta racemosa subsp. Racemosa )
Inflorescence of Nepeta manchurensis with the zygomorphic flowers
Zygomorphic flower in detail of the common catnip ( Nepeta cataria )
Illustration from Flora Atlantica, sive, Historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro Tunetano et Algeriensi crescunt , 1800, plate 123 from Nepeta multibracteata
Illustration from Johann Georg Sturm: Germany's flora in illustrations , 1796 of the real catnip ( Nepeta cataria )

Appearance

The catnip species usually grow as perennial, herbaceous plants , more rarely annual plants or subshrubs . The stems, which are square in all Nepeta species, are completely bald to very hairy. Mostly the color is similar to the color of the leaves, but in some species the stem is reddish in color due to anthocyanin deposits. The Nepeta species reach heights of between 20 cm ( Nepeta racemosa ) and 150 cm ( Nepeta grandiflora 'Pool Bank'). The lower species are hardly branched and develop a large number of basal shoots. The higher types are mostly densely branched. The growth form is broadly hemispherical to upright bushy, some species are also very spreading and fall apart. Other common characteristics are the square stems, in the edges of which there are strands of collenchyma.

Nepeta species are often rich in essential oils . Stems and leaves are almost always densely covered with glandular hairs or scales, so that the plants usually release a pleasant, aromatic scent.

leaves

The leaves are arranged opposite to each other ( dekussierte leaf position ) on the stem. The foliage leaf can be stalked (sometimes only formed in the lower third of the plant), via sessile to almost encompassing the stem. The simple leaf blades are 1 to 15 centimeters long and 0.5 to 10 centimeters wide and vary between very filigree forms and coarse forms. The outline is usually more or less egg-shaped to lanceolate with a round to heart-shaped base. The leaves are more rarely pinnate. The leaves are glabrous to very hairy, with Nepeta latifolia they are sticky hairy. The smooth leaf margins are often notched to severely toothed or wavy. The leaf color is usually a dull gray-green in various intensities, but dark green to light green colored leaves can also be found. In some species, the foliage is reddish in color due to anthocyanin deposits. Interactions between leaf type and habitat can be easily seen that adapted to the drought Nepeta have narrow, hairy leaves, the leaf color is always in the gray-green area. The more water and shade can be tolerated or used, the larger the leaf blade, the less hairy and more intensely colored the plant.

Inflorescences and flowers

The main flowering time is from the end of April / beginning of May to the beginning of August / September, with early-flowering species there is a small second flowering; If a pruning is carried out after the first flowering, the plant will be remounted with a mostly lush second flowering .

The flowers sit in pseudo whorls that are very loose to very dense. In some species the flowers are clearly stalked. The length of the inflorescences is between 5 and 25 centimeters, the pseudo whorls are often distributed over the stem with branches and bracts in between.

The flowers are 0.5 to 5 inches long. Nepeta species have hermaphroditic, typical five-fold mint flowers - flowers with a double flower envelope , are therefore more or less strongly zygomorphic and matched to the dorsiventral structure of the insects necessary for pollination . The five sepals are fused and form the bell-shaped, tubular calyx, which is sometimes two-lipped. Of the five fused petals , two form the upper lip and three form the lower lip. The four stamens are in pairs and have different lengths of stamens, these are fused with the petals . The crown is two-lipped, with the upper lip whole or two columns with a bearded, whole or notched middle lobe. The predominant flower color is blue-purple with variations in intensity or in the expression to the blue or purple-colored area. However, there are also white flowers like in Nepeta cataria , pink ones like in Nepeta parnassica and yellow flowered kinds like in Nepeta govaniana . In almost all species, the flower is provided with a drawing, at least on the lower lip. The four stamens, sitting parallel under the upper lip, are often shorter than the upper lip, but longer than the corolla tube. The Upper permanent and coenokarpe ovary is divided zweifächrig and by a false septum into four parts. The stylus stands between these parts . The stylus is split into two short scar branches.

fruit

The ripe Klausen fruit breaks down into four bulging Klausen . The four lonely Klausen are obovate and smooth or warty.

Location requirements

In Central Europe, wasteland near settlements , light shrubbery , roadsides, rubble sites and walls are populated by the few Nepeta species as well as dry heaths and light deciduous and pine forests (Hegi 1975). The shade-tolerant Nepeta species can be found in loose herb communities, in the undergrowth of sparse trees , on the edges of bushes and river banks .

Systematics and distribution

Taxonomy

The genus Nepeta was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The type species is Nepeta cataria L. The genus name Nepeta is derived from the Etruscan city of Nepete, today's Nepi in Latium. Synonyms for Nepeta L. are: Afridia Duthie , Cataria Adans. , Kudrjaschevia Pojark. , Pitardia Batt. ex pit. , Saccilabium Rottb. , Saussuria Moench , Schizonepeta (Benth.) Briq. , Oxynepeta (Benth.) Bunge .

External system

The genus Nepeta belongs to Subtribus Nepetinae from the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae).

Internal system

The genus Nepeta can be divided into two sections : Section Nepeta with hermaphrodite flowers and Section Oxynepeta with unisexual flowers. In Oxynepeta , the outer, larger zymous partial inflorescences are male and the inner, smaller ones are female.

Species and their distribution

The natural range of the Nepeta species includes the temperate zones of Asia with the Himalaya region up to altitudes of around 3300 meters, the Caucasus and Japan . A focus of biodiversity is in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. There are 61 to 78 species in Iran. There are 42 to 55 species in Pakistan. There are 40 to 46 species in Afghanistan. There are around 42 species in China. There are about 41 species in India. There are 11 species in Nepal. About 82 species occur in Russia. There are around 35 species in Turkey. There are about 15 species in Iraq. Some species are found on the North African coasts and some in the mountainous regions of tropical Africa . The main distribution of the 24 to 27 species occurring in Europe is in the Mediterranean area. In the British Isles and Scandinavia, a few species occur only as neophytes . Few species are neophytes in North America and South Africa .

There are 250 to 300 species of Nepeta :
Catnip inflorescences ( Nepeta cataria )
Catnip inflorescence ( Nepeta cataria )
Nepeta cilicica
Nepeta Clarkei
Nepeta curviflora
Himalayan catnip ( Nepeta govaniana )
Large flowered catnip ( Nepeta grandiflora )
Inflorescence of Nepeta italica
Broad-leaved catnip ( Nepeta latifolia )
Inflorescence of pseudo whorls with zygomorphic flowers of Nepeta manchuriensis
Small catnip ( Nepeta nepetella )
Nepeta nervosa
Catnip inflorescence ( Nepeta nuda )
Grape catnip ( Nepeta racemosa )
Nepeta sibirica
Sham whisk from Nepeta sibirica
Nepeta subsessilis
Nepeta teydea
Nepeta tuberosa
Inflorescence of pseudo whorls with zygomorphic flowers of Nepeta wilsonii
  • Nepeta adenophyta Hedge : It occurs in the western Himalayas .
  • Nepeta agrestis Loisel. : This endemic occurs only in Corsica .
  • Nepeta alaghezi Pojark. : It occurs only in the southern Transcaucasia .
  • Nepeta alatavica Lipsky : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan .
  • Nepeta algeriensis Noë : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia .
  • Nepeta amicorum Rech. F. : It occurs only in eastern Afghanistan .
  • Nepeta amoena Stapf : It occurs from the eastern Transcaucasia to Iran .
  • Nepeta anamurensis Gemici & Leblebici : It occurs in Turkey .
  • Nepeta annua Pall. : This annual species is distributed from the western Himalayas through Mongolia and Russia to the Chinese autonomous regions of Tibet , Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang .
  • Nepeta apuleji Ucria : It occurs in Morocco , Algeria, Tunisia, southern Spain and Sicily .
  • Nepeta argolica Bory & Chaub. : There have been five subspecies since 2012:
    • Nepeta argolica Bory & Chaub. subsp. argolica (Syn .: Nepeta italica Sm. nom. illeg., Nepeta sibthorpii Benth. ): This endemic occurs only in southern Greece .
    • Nepeta argolica subsp. dirphya (Boiss.) Strid & Kit Tan (Syn .: Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halácsy , Nepeta sibthorpii var. dirphya Boiss. , Nepeta sibthorpii subsp. dirphya (Boiss.) Baden ): This new combination took place in 1991. This Endemic occurs only in central Evvoia, Greece .
    • Nepeta argolica subsp. malacotrichos (Baden) Strid & Kit Tan (Syn .: Nepeta sibthorpii subsp. malacotrichos Baden ): This new combination took place in 1991. It occurs in Albania and Greece.
    • Nepeta argolica subsp. tumeniana (Dirmenci) Dirmenci (Syn .: Nepeta sibthorpii subsp. tumeniana Dirmenci ): It was first described from Turkey in 2005 and this new combination was done 2012th
    • Nepeta argolica subsp. vourinensis (Baden) Strid & Kit Tan (Syn .: Nepeta sibthorpii subsp. vourinensis Baden ): This new combination took place in 1991. It occurs in Greece.
  • Nepeta assadii Jamzad : It was first described from Iran in 1992.
  • Nepeta assurgens Hausskn. & Bornm. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta astorensis Shinwari & Chaudhri : It occurs in Pakistan .
  • Nepeta atlantica Ball : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Nepeta autraniana Bornm. :: It occurs in northern Iraq.
  • Nepeta azurea R.Br. ex Benth. (Syn .: Nepeta ballotifolia Hochst. Ex A.Rich. ): It occurs in northeastern and eastern tropical Africa.
  • Nepeta badachschanica Kudrjasch. : It occurs in southeastern Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta bakhtiarica Rech. F. : It occurs in western Iran.
  • Nepeta balouchestanica Jamzad & Ingr .: It was first described in 2003 from Iran.
  • Nepeta barfakensis Rech. F. : It only occurs in central Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta batalica Reshi : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
  • Nepeta baytopii Hedge & Lamond : It occurs only in eastern Turkey.
  • Nepeta bazoftica Jamzad : It was first described in 2009 from Iran.
  • Nepeta bellevii Prain : It occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta betonicifolia C.A.Mey. : There have been two subspecies since 1987:
    • Nepeta betonicifolia C.A.Mey. subsp. betonicifolia (Syn .: Nepeta cordifolia K. Koch ex Boiss. , Nepeta glabrescens Boiss. , Nepeta grossheimii Pojark. , Nepeta kronenburgii Freyn , Nepeta somkhetica Kapeller , Nepeta betonicifolia subsp. somkhetica (Kapeller) Menitsky ): It comes from Eastern Turkey to Iraq to western Iran.
    • Nepeta betonicifolia subsp. strictifolia (Pojark.) Menitsky (Syn .: Nepeta strictifolia Pojark. , Nepeta buhsei Pojark. , Nepeta speciosa Boiss. & Noë ): This new combination took place in 1987. It occurs from Turkey via Iraq to Iran.
  • Nepeta binaloudensis Jamzad : It was first described in 1991 from northeastern Iran.
  • Balkan catnip ( Nepeta bodeana Bunge , Syn .: Nepeta sintenisii Bornm. ): It occurs in Iran and Turkmenistan.
  • Nepeta × boissieri Willk. = Nepeta granatensis × Nepeta nepetella subsp. laciniata : it occurs in Spain.
  • Nepeta bokhonica Jamzad : It was first described from Iran in 1999.
  • Nepeta bombaiensis Dalzell : It occurs in western and southern India.
  • Nepeta Bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Bornm. : It occurs in southern Iran.
  • Nepeta botschantzevii Czern. : It occurs in Turkmenistan.
  • Nepeta brachyantha Rech. F. & Edelb. : It occurs from Afghanistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta bracteata Benth. : It occurs from Iran to Pakistan and to Central Asia.
  • Nepeta brevifolia C.A.Mey. : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
  • Nepeta bucharica Lipsky : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Nepeta caerulea Aiton (Syn .: Nepeta cantabrica Ubera & Valdés , Nepeta sanabrensis Losa ): It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
  • Nepeta caesarea Boiss. : It occurs in central and southern Turkey.
  • Nepeta campestris Benth. : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta camphorata Boiss. & Hero. : There are two varieties.
    • Nepeta camphorata Boiss. & Hero. var. camphorata : This endemic occurs in southern Greece only in the Taygetos Mountains.
    • Nepeta camphorata var. Heldreichii (Halácsy) Baden (Syn .: Nepeta heldreichii Halácsy ): This endemic occurs in southern Greece only in the Taygetos Mountains.
  • Nepeta × campylantha Rech. F. = Nepeta curvifolia × Nepeta italica : It occurs in Syria.
  • Real catnip ( Nepeta cataria L. ): It is originally widespread from southern Europe to Korea and is a neophyte in North and South America and New Zealand. It is grown in many areas of the world.
  • Nepeta cephalotes Boiss. : It only occurs in central Iran.
  • Nepeta chionophila Boiss. & Hausskn. : It only occurs in western Iran.
  • Nepeta ciliaris Benth. : It occurs in the western and central Himalayas, in Nepal and in India .
  • Nepeta cilicica Boiss. ex Benth. : It occurs from southern Turkey to Israel .
  • Nepeta Clarkei Hook. f. : It occurs from northeast Afghanistan to Tibet.
  • Nepeta coerulescens Maxim. : It occurs from the Himalayas via Tibet to the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai and Sichuan .
  • Nepeta concolor Boiss. & Hero. ex Benth. : It occurs in south-western and southern Turkey.
  • Nepeta conferta Hedge & Lamond : It occurs in southwestern Turkey.
  • Nepeta congesta fish. & CAMey. : It occurs from West Asia to Transcaucasia.
  • Nepeta connata Royle ex Benth. : It occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta consanguinea Pojark. : It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta crinita Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : It occurs only in eastern Turkey.
  • Nepeta crispa Willd. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta curviflora Boiss. : It is common in Western Asia in Israel , Jordan , Syria and Lebanon .
  • Nepeta cyanea Steven : There are two subspecies:
    • Nepeta cyanea subsp. biebersteiniana (Trautv.) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta cyanea var. biebersteiniana Trautv. , Nepeta biebersteiniana (Trautv.) Pojark. ): This classification as a subspecies took place in 1992. It occurs in the northern Caucasus.
    • Nepeta cyanea Steven subsp. cyanea (Syn .: Nepeta acinifolia Spreng. , Nepeta incana M.Bieb. nom. illeg., Nepeta kubanica Pojark. , Nepeta mollissima Tausch , Nepeta ruprechtiana Boiss. ): It occurs in the Caucasus.
  • Nepeta cyrenaica Quézel & Zaffran : This endemic occurs only in northeastern Libya .
  • Nepeta czegemensis Pojark. : It occurs in the northern Caucasus region.
  • Nepeta czukavinae Kamelin & Lazkov : It was first described from Tajikistan in 2012.
  • Nepeta daenensis Boiss. : It occurs from Iran to Pakistan.
  • Nepeta deflersiana Schweinf. ex Hedge : It occurs only on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
  • Nepeta densiflora Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in northwestern Mongolia , Xinjiang and southwestern Altai .
  • Nepeta dentata C.Y.Wu & SJHsuan : It thrives in forests, in thickets, on grassy hills and on gravel terraces at altitudes of 2100 to 3500 meters in Tibet.
  • Nepeta denudata Benth. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta dirmencii Yild. & Dinç : It was first described from Turkey in 2003/4.
  • Nepeta discolor Royle ex Benth. : It occurs from northwest Afghanistan via Pakistan, India and Nepal to Tibet.
  • Nepeta distans Royle (Syn .: Nepeta mollis Benth. ): It occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta drassiana Reshi : It was first described in 2012/3 and only occurs in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
  • Nepeta duthiei Prain & Mukerjee : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta elliptica Royle ex Benth. : It occurs from eastern Afghanistan to Nepal.
  • Nepeta elymaitica Bornm. : It occurs in northern Iraq and western Iran.
  • Nepeta erecta (Royle ex Benth.) Benth. : It occurs from eastern Afghanistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta eremokosmos Rech.f. : It only occurs in central Iran.
  • Nepeta eremophila Hausskn. & Bornm. : It occurs in southeastern Iran.
  • Nepeta eriosphaera Rech. F. & Köie : It occurs from southern Iran to Pakistan.
  • Nepeta eriostachya Benth. : There have been two varieties since 1994:
    • Nepeta eriostachya Benth. var. eriostachya : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
    • Nepeta eriostachya var. Rohtangensis Aswal : It was first described in 1994 from the Indian state of Uttarakhand .
  • Nepeta ernesti-mayeri Diklic & V. Nikolic : It occurs on the northwestern Balkan peninsula.
  • Nepeta everardii S.Moore : It thrives in the thicket at low altitudes in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Hubei and Zhejiang .
  • Nepeta flavida Hub.-Mor. : It occurs from southern Turkey to Syria.
  • Nepeta floccosa Benth. : There have been two subspecies since 1991:
    • Nepeta floccosa Benth. subsp. floccosa (Syn .: Nepeta alii Jehan , Nepeta kunlunshanica C.Y.Yang & B.Wang , Nepeta vakhanica . Pojark , Nepeta floccosa var. densiflora Reshi ): It comes in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Tibet and Xinjiang before.
    • Nepeta floccosa subsp. pseudofloccosa (Pojark.) ALBudantzev (Syn .: Nepeta pseudofloccosa Pojark. ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1991. It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta foliosa Moris : This endemic occurs only in Sardinia .
  • Nepeta fordii Hemsl. : It thrives in the thicket at altitudes of 100 to 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan , Shaanxi and Sichuan.
  • Nepeta formosa Kudrjasch. : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Nepeta freitagii Rech. F. : It occurs only in eastern Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta glechomifolia (Dunn) Hedge : It occurs in Pakistan.
  • Nepeta gloeocephala Rech. F. : It only occurs in central Iran.
  • Nepeta glomerata Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. : It occurs from southern Turkey to Lebanon.
  • Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss. : Since 1992 there are three subspecies:
    • Nepeta glomerulosa subsp. carmanica (Bornm.) Rech. f. (Syn .: Nepeta glomerulosa var. Carmanica Bornm. , Nepeta glomerulosa var. Stapfiana (Bornm. Ex Rech. F.) Jamzad , Nepeta glomerulosa subsp. Stapfiana (Bornm. Ex Rech. F.) Rech. F. , Nepeta stapfiana Bornm . ex Rech. f. ): It occurs in Iran.
    • Nepeta glomerulosa subsp. ghorana (Rech. f.) ALBudantzev (Syn .: Nepeta juncea subsp. ghorana Rech. f. ): This new combination was made in 1992. It occurs only in southwestern Afghanistan.
    • Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss. subsp. glomerulosa ( Nepeta gedrosiaca Bornm. , Nepeta juncea subsp. desertorum Bornm. ): It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta glutinosa Benth. : It occurs from northeast Afghanistan to the western Himalayas and in Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta gontscharovii Kudrjasch. : This endemic occurs only in the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan.
  • Himalayan catnip ( Nepeta govaniana (Wall. Ex Benth.) Benth. ): It occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta graciliflora Benth. : It occurs from Pakistan to northern India.
  • Nepeta granatensis Boiss. : It occurs in Morocco and southern Spain.
  • Large-flowered catnip ( Nepeta grandiflora M.Bieb. ): It occurs from the Baltic States to the Caucasus.
  • Nepeta grata Benth. : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta griffithii Hedge : It occurs from Afghanistan to northwest Pakistan.
  • Nepeta gumerica Reshi : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
  • Nepeta heliotropifolia Lam. : It occurs from eastern Turkey to western Iran.
  • Nepeta hemsleyana olive. ex Prain (Syn .: Nepeta angustifolia C.Y.Wu ): It occurs in Tibet and in the eastern Himalayas.
  • Nepeta henanensis C.S.Zhu : It wasfirst describedin 1992 from the Chinese province of Henan .
  • Nepeta hindostana ( B. Heyne ex Roth) Haines : It occurs from eastern Afghanistan to the Himalayas and western and northern India.
  • Nepeta hispanica Boiss. & Reut. (Syn .: Nepeta beltranii Pau ): It occurs in two subspecies in Morocco and Spain.
  • Nepeta hormozganica Jamzad : It was first described in 2003 from Iran.
  • Nepeta humilis Boiss. : It occurs in Iraq and Iran.
  • Nepeta hymenodonta Boiss. : It only occurs in western Iran.
  • Nepeta hystrix Greuter : It was first described from Greece in 2012.
  • Nepeta isaurica Boiss. & Hero. ex Benth. : It occurs only in southern Turkey.
  • Nepeta ispahanica Boiss. : It occurs in Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.
  • Nepeta italica L .: Since 1992 there are four subspecies:
    • Nepeta italica subsp. cadmea (Boiss.) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta cadmea Boiss. ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1991/2. It occurs only from western to southwestern Turkey.
    • Nepeta italica L. subsp. italica (Syn .: Nepeta canescens J.F.Gmel. , Nepeta incana Willd. nom. illeg., Nepeta leucostegia Boiss. & Heldr. , Nepeta macrostachya Jan ex Benth. , Nepeta marrubioides Willd. , Nepeta orientalis Mill. , Nepeta teucrioides Lam. , Nepeta italica var. Incanescens fish. ): It occurs in east-central Italy and from the eastern Mediterranean area via Turkey to Iraq.
    • Nepeta italicaa subsp. rigidula A.L.Budantsev : It was first described in 1991/2. It occurs in southern Turkey and northern Syria.
    • Nepeta italica subsp. troodi (Holmboe) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta troodi Holmboe ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1991/2. This endemic occurs only in western Cyprus.
  • Nepeta jakupicensis Micevski : It wasfirst describedfrom Macedonia in 2002.
  • Nepeta jomdaensis H.W.Li : This endemic thrives in the thicket of hills at altitudes of around 3500 meters only in the Jomda districtin Tibet.
  • Nepeta juncea Benth. : Since 1982 there are three subspecies:
    • Nepeta juncea subsp. heterotricha (Rech. f.) Rech. f. (Syn .: Nepeta heterotricha Rech. F. ): It has been a subspecies since 1982. It occurs in Afghanistan.
    • Nepeta juncea Benth. subsp. juncea : It occurs from Afghanistan via Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
    • Nepeta juncea subsp. xylorhiza (Rech. f.) Rech. f. (Syn .: Nepeta xylorhiza Rech. F. ): It has been a subspecies since 1982. It occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta knorringiana Pojark. : It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta koeieana Rech. F. : It only occurs in western Iran.
  • Nepeta kokamirica rule : It occurs in eastern Kazakhstan and Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta kokanica rule : It occurs from Afghanistan via Pakistan to the western Himalayas and to Central Asia and Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta komarovii E.A. Busch : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
  • Nepeta kotschyi Boiss. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta kurdica Hausskn. & Bornm. : It only occurs in northern Iraq.
  • Nepeta kurramensis Rech. F. : It occurs in Pakistan.
  • Nepeta ladanolens Lipsky : It occurs only in southeastern Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta laevigata (D.Don) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs from Afghanistan via India and Nepal and Tibet to the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Nepeta lagopsis Benth. : It occurs from eastern Afghanistan to Pakistan.
  • Nepeta lamiifolia Willd. : It occurs from eastern Turkey to Transcaucasia.
  • Nepeta lamiopsis Benth. ex Hook. f. : It occurs in the central and eastern Himalayas and in Tibet.
  • Nepeta lancefolia Reshi : It wasfirst describedin 2012/3 from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
  • Nepeta lasiocephala Benth. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Broad-leaved catnip ( Nepeta latifolia DC. ): It occurs only in the central to eastern Pyrenees in Spain and France.
  • Nepeta leucolaena Benth. ex Hook. f. : It occurs from the western Himalayas to Tibet.
  • Nepeta linearis Royle ex Benth. : It occurs from eastern Afghanistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta lipskyi Kudrjasch. : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Nepeta longibracteata Benth. : It thrives at high altitudes from northeast Afghanistan to the western Himalayas to Tibet and Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta longiflora Vent. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta longituba Pojark. : It occurs only in the eastern Transcaucasia.
  • Nepeta ludlow-hewittii Blakelock : It occurs in Iraq.
  • Nepeta macrosiphon Boiss. : It occurs from southeastern Turkey to Iran.
  • Nepeta mahanensis Jamzad & M.Simmonds : It was first described in 2003 from Iran.
  • Nepeta manchuriensis S.Moore (Syn .: Nepeta koreana Nakai ): It occurs from North Korea via Heilongjiang to the southern part of the Primorye region and in Japan.
  • Nepeta mariae rule (Syn .: Nepeta pulchella Pojark. ): It occurs in Central Asian Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta maussarifii Lipsky : It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta melissifolia Lam. : It occurs on islands in the southern Aegean .
  • Nepeta membranifolia C.Y.Wu : It thrives in valleys in mixed forests at altitudes of around 3100 meters in Yunnan .
  • Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse : It occurs in Iraq and Iran.
  • Nepeta meyeri Benth. : It occurs from eastern Turkey to Iran.
  • Nepeta micrantha Bunge : It occurs from southwestern Siberia across Central Asia to Mongolia and Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta minuticephala Jamzad : It was first described from Iran in 1999.
  • Nepeta mirei Quézel : This endemic occurs in Chad only in the Tibesti Mountains.
  • Nepeta mirzayanii Rech. F. & Esfand. : It only occurs in southern Iran.
  • Nepeta monocephala Rech. F. : It occurs only in northwestern Iran.
  • Nepeta monticola Kudr. : It occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta multibracteata Desf. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Portugal and Spain.
  • Nepeta multicaulis Mukerjee : It only occurs in Kashmir .
  • Nepeta multifida L .: It occurs from Siberia to northern Korea.
  • Nepeta narynensis Kamelin & Lazkov : It was first described from Kyrgyzstan in 2012.
  • Nepeta natanzensis Jamzad : It wasfirst describedin 2006 from Esfahan, Iran.
  • Nepeta nawarica Rech. F. : It occurs only in eastern Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta nepalensis blast. : It only occurs in Nepal.
  • Small catnip ( Nepeta nepetella L. ): It occurs in the western and central Mediterranean region.
  • Nepeta nepetella L .: There have been four subspecies since 2010:
    • Nepeta nepetella subsp. aragonensis (Lam.) Nyman (Syn .: Nepeta amethystina Desf. ex Poir. , Nepeta aragonensis Lam. , Nepeta civitiana Pau , Nepeta murcica subsp. toranzil A. Segura , Nepeta nepetella var. alpina (Willk.) Briq. , Nepeta nepetella var. amethystina (Desf. ex Poir.) Briq. , Nepeta nepetella var. aragonensis (Lam.) Briq. , Nepeta nepetella var. atlantica Batt. , Nepeta nepetella var. cordifolia Willk. , Nepeta nepetella subsp. amethystina (Desf. ex Poir.) Briq. , Nepeta nepetella var. Amourensis (Batt.) Briq. , Nepeta nepetella subsp. Cordifolia (Willk.) Ubera & Valdés ): It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and in central to eastern Spain.
    • Nepeta nepetella subsp. laciniata (Willk.) Aedo (Syn .: Nepeta × boissieri var. laciniata Willk. , Nepeta nepetella var. laciniata (Willk.) Briq. , Nepeta amethystina subsp. laciniata (Willk.) Ubera & Valdés , Nepeta almeriensis Sennen , Nepeta ceballosii Vicioso & Pau , Nepeta hieronymi Sennen ): This new combination took place in 2010. This endemic occurs in the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain.
    • Nepeta nepetella subsp. murcica (Guirão ex Willk.) Aedo (Syn .: Nepeta murcica Guirão ex Willk. , Nepeta amethystina subsp. murcica (Guirão ex Willk.) Nyman , Nepeta amethystina var. intermedia Rouy , Nepeta amethystina subsp. anticaria (Ladero & Rivas Goday ex Ubera & Valdés) Cabezudo, Nieto Caldera & T.Navarro , Nepeta amethystina var. Anticaria Ladero & Rivas Goday ex Ubera & Valdés , Nepeta amethystina var. Bourgaei (Briq.) Ubera & Valdés , Nepeta amethystina subsp. Mallophora (Webb. ) Ubera & Valdés , Nepeta amethystina subsp. microglandulosa Molero , Nepeta imbricata lag. ex Spreng. , Nepeta mallophora Webb & Heldr. , Nepeta nepetella var. murcica (guirao ex Willk.) Briq. nom. Superfl., Nepeta nepetella var. bourgaei Briq. , Nepeta nepetella subsp. Mallophora (Webb & Heldr.) Font Quer ): This new combination took place in 2010. It occurs in Morocco and in southern and southeastern Spain.
    • Nepeta nepetella L. subsp. nepetella (Syn .: Nepeta angustifolia Mill. , Nepeta arragonensis Benth. , Nepeta catalaunica Sennen , Nepeta delphinensis Mutel , Nepeta grandiflora Mutel nom. illeg., Nepeta graveolens Vill. , Nepeta humilis Salisb. , Nepeta incana Aiton nom. illeg., Nepeta lanceolata Lam. , Nepeta longicaulis Dufour , Nepeta paniculata Mill. nom. illeg., Nepeta nepetella var. argutidens Briq. , Nepeta nepetella var. humilis Benth. , Nepeta nepetella var. incana Benth. , Nepeta nepetella var. major Benth. , Nepeta nepetella var. lanceolata (Lam.) optional nom. superfl., Nepeta nepetella var. longicaulis (Dufour) Nyman ): It occurs in Spain, France and Italy.
  • Nepeta nepetoides (Batt. Ex Pit.) Harley : This new combination was made in 2003. It occurs in Morocco.
  • Nepeta nervosa Royle ex Benth. : There are two varieties:
    • Nepeta nervosa var. Lutea Hook. f. : It occurs in India, Pakistan and Tibet.
    • Nepeta nervosa Royle ex Benth. var. nervosa (Syn .: Nepeta campestris Hook. f. & Thomson ): It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Bald catnip ( Nepeta nuda L. ): There are four subspecies:
    • Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Gams (Syn .: Nepeta nuda var. albiflora Boiss. , Nepeta bithynica Bornm. , Nepeta marrubioides Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. nom. illeg.): It comes from Greek Macedonia via the former Yugoslavia and the Turkey to Lebanon before.
    • Nepeta nuda subsp. glandulifera Hub.-Mor. & PHDavis : It only occurs in southern Turkey.
    • Nepeta nuda subsp. lydiae P.H.Davis (Syn .: Nepeta sulphurea subsp. lydiae (PHDavis) ALBudantzev ): It occurs on the island of Lesbos and in western to southwestern Turkey.
    • Nepeta nuda L. subsp. nuda (Syn .: Nepeta alba Steud. , Nepeta meda Stapf , Nepeta mollis Medik. , Nepeta montana Turra , Nepeta nawaschinii Bordz. , Nepeta paniculata Crantz , Nepeta pannonica L. , Nepeta pontica K.Koch , Nepeta sulphurea K.Koch , Nepeta turkestanica Gand. , Nepeta violacea L. , Nepeta violacea Vill. nom. illeg., Nepeta nuda var. pannonica (L.) Nyman , Nepeta nuda var. violacea Nyman ): It is distributed from Europe via West and Central Asia to Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta obtusicrena Boiss. & Kotschy ex Hedge : It only occurs in southeastern Turkey.
  • Nepeta odorifera Lipsky : It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta olgae rule : It occurs from Kazakhstan and Tajikistan to Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta orphanidea Boiss. : There have been two varieties since 1987:
    • Nepeta orphanidea Boiss. var. orphanidea : It occurs in Greece.
    • Nepeta orphanidea var. Parnidea Baden : It was first described from Greece in 1987.
  • Nepeta pabotii Mouterde : It occurs in Syria.
  • Nepeta padamica Reshi : It wasfirst describedin 2012/3 from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .
  • Nepeta paktiana Rech. F. : It occurs only in eastern Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta pamirensis Franch. : It occurs from Central Asia to Pakistan.
  • Nepeta parnassica hero Dr. & Sart. : It occurs in Greece and in southern Albania.
  • Nepeta paucifolia Mukerjee : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta persica Boiss. : It occurs in Iran and Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta petraea Benth. : It occurs in Iraq and Iran.
  • Nepeta phyllochlamys P.H.Davis : It occurs only in southwestern Turkey.
  • Nepeta pilinux P.H.Davis : It occurs only in southwestern Turkey.
  • Nepeta podlechii Rech. F. : It occurs only in eastern Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta podostachys Benth. : Since 1993 there are three subspecies:
    • Nepeta podostachys subsp. darwasica A.L.Budantsev : It was first described in 1990 from Tajikistan.
    • Nepeta podostachys subsp. paulsenii (Briq.) ALBudantzev (Syn .: Nepeta paulsenii Briq. , Nepeta koelzii Rech. f. , Nepeta oblanceolata Rech. f. & Edelb. ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1993. It is distributed from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and Afghanistan as well as Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
    • Nepeta podostachys Benth. subsp. podostachys (Syn .: Nepeta kandagarica KUDR. , Nepeta maracandia Bunge , Nepeta podostachys var. hypoluciphylla Reshi ): It is spread from Afghanistan and Pakistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad & Assadi : It was first described from Iran in 1984.
  • Nepeta polyodonta Rech. F. : It occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta praetervisa Rech. F. : It occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
  • Nepeta prattii H.Lév. : It thrives on moist grass slopes at altitudes of 1900 to 4400 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai , Shaanxi , Shanxi and Sichuan.
  • Nepeta prostrata Benth. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta pseudokokanica Pojark. : It occurs in Kyrgyzstan.
  • Nepeta pubescens Benth. : It occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta pungens (Bunge) Benth. : It occurs from Iran via Central Asia and Afghanistan to western Mongolia and Xinjiang.
  • Grape catnip ( Nepeta racemosa Lam. , Syn .: Nepeta mussinii Spreng. Ex Henckel ): There have been three subspecies since 1992:
    • Nepeta racemosa subsp. crassifolia (Boiss. & Buhse) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta crassifolia Boiss. & Buhse ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1992. It occurs in Iran.
    • Nepeta racemosa subsp. haussknechtii (Bornm.) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta haussknechtii Bornm. , Nepeta noraschenica Grossh. ): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1992. It occurs in Transcaucasia, Iraq and Iran.
    • Nepeta racemosa Lam. subsp. racemosa : It occurs from eastern Turkey via Iraq to northwestern Iran. It is a neophyte in Austria and the Czech Republic.
  • Nepeta raphanorhiza Benth. : It occurs in India, Afghanistan and Tibet.
  • Nepeta rechingeri Hedge : It only occurs in central Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta rivularis Bornm. : It only occurs in southern Iran.
  • Nepeta roopiana Bordz. : It occurs in Turkey.
  • Nepeta rtanjensis Diklic & Milojevic : This endemic occurs only on the northwestern Balkan peninsula .
  • Nepeta rubella A.L.Budantzev : It was first described in 1993 from northwest China.
  • Nepeta rugosa Benth. : It occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
  • Nepeta saccharata Bunge : It occurs in Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan.
  • Nepeta sahandica Noroozi & Ajani : It was first described in 2013 from Iran.
  • Nepeta santoana Popov : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Nepeta saturejoides Boiss. : It occurs from Central Asia to Iran.
  • Nepeta schiraziana Boiss. : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta schmidii Rech. F. : It occurs only in northern Pakistan.
  • Nepeta schugnanica Lipsky : It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta scordotis L .: It occurs on islands in the southern Aegean.
  • Nepeta septemcrenata Ehrenb. ex Benth. : This endemic occurs only on the southern Sinai peninsula .
  • Nepeta sessilis C.Y.Wu & SJHsuan : It thrives on mountain slopes and in thickets at altitudes of around 3,100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan .
  • Nepeta shahmirzadensis Assadi & Jamzad : It occurs in Iran.
  • Nepeta sheilae Hedge & RAKing : It only occurs in western Saudi Arabia .
  • Nepeta sibirica L .: It occurs from Siberia to Mongolia as well as Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai .
  • Nepeta sorgerae Hedge & Lamond : It occurs only in eastern Turkey.
  • Nepeta sosnovskyi Askerova : It only occurs in northeastern Transcaucasia.
  • Nepeta souliei H.Lév. : It thrives on hills, on the edges of forests and in sparse forests at altitudes of 2600 to 3400 meters in Tibet and Sichuan.
  • Nepeta spathulifera Benth. : It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta sphaciotica P.H.Davis : This endemic occurs only in western Crete .
  • Nepeta spruneri Boiss. : It occurs in Albania and in northwestern and central Greece.
  • Nepeta stachyoides Batt. : It occurs in Morocco.
  • Nepeta staintonii Hedge : It occurs only in western Nepal .
  • Nepeta stenantha Kotschy & Boiss. : It occurs from eastern Turkey to northern Iran.
  • Nepeta stewartiana Diels : It thrives on grassy slopes and in forests at altitudes of 2700 to 3300 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Nepeta straussii Hausskn. & Bornm. : It occurs in western Iran.
  • Nepeta stricta (Banks & Sol.) Hedge & Lamond : It occurs in Western Asia.
  • Nepeta suavis Stapf : It occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
  • Nepeta subcaespitosa Jehan : It was first described in 1996 from Pakistan.
  • Nepeta subhastata rule : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Nepeta subincisa Benth. : There have been two varieties since 1982:
    • Nepeta subincisa var. Salangensis Rech. F. : It was first described from Afghanistan in 1982.
    • Nepeta subincisa Benth. var. subincisa : It occurs from Afghanistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Nepeta subintegra Maxim. : It occurs in Mongolia.
  • Nepeta subsessilis Maxim. : It occurs in Japan.
  • Nepeta sudanica F.W.Andrews : It occurs only in northeastern Sudan .
  • Nepeta sulfuriflora P.H.Davis : It occurs in southern Turkey.
  • Nepeta sungpanensis C.Y.Wu : This endemic thrives on open hills and wastelands bordering cultivated areas at altitudes of 1700 to 2200 meters only in the Sungqu Autonomous Countyin Sichuan.
  • Nepeta supina Steven : There have been two subspecies since 1987:
    • Nepeta supina subsp. buschii (Sosn. & Manden.) Menitsky (Syn .: Nepeta buschii Sosn. & Manden. , Nepeta citriodora Sosn. & Manden. nom. illeg.): It received the rank of a subspecies in 1987. It occurs only in the southern Transcaucasia.
    • Nepeta supina Steven subsp. supina (Syn .: Nepeta caucasica Sommier & Levier , Nepeta fissa Benth. ) It occurs from southeastern Turkey to the Caucasus.
  • Nepeta taxkorganica Y.F.Chang : This endemic thrives on grassy slopes at altitudes of around 4600 meters only in the Tajik Autonomous County of Taxkorgan in Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta tenuiflora Diels : It thrives on grassy hills, on the edges of forests and in thickets at altitudes of 2800 to 3600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Nepeta tenuifolia Benth. (Syn .: Nepeta japonica Maxim. , Nepeta vaniotiana H.Lév. ): It is widespread in China, Korea and Japan.
  • Nepeta teucriifolia Willd. : There have been four subspecies since 1993:
    • Nepeta teucriifolia subsp. carmanica (Bornm.) ALBudantzev (Syn .: Nepeta carmanica Bornm. , Nepeta gracilescens Boiss. , Nepeta microphylla Stapf ): It has been a subspecies since 1993. It occurs in Transcaucasia and Iran.
    • Nepeta teucriifolia subsp. daghestanica (Pojark.) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta daghestanica Pojark. ): It has been a subspecies since 1990. It occurs in the eastern Caucasus.
    • Nepeta teucriifolia subsp. iberica (Pojark.) ALBudantsev (Syn .: Nepeta iberica Pojark. ): It has been a subspecies since 1990. It occurs only in the eastern Transcaucasia.
    • Nepeta teucriifolia Willd. subsp. teucriifolia (Syn .: Nepeta calvertii Boiss. , Nepeta fissa C.A.Mey. , Nepeta galatica Bornm. , Nepeta glabra Benth. , Nepeta laxa Benth. , Nepeta obtusicrcna Boiss. , Nepeta rarifolia K. Koch , Nepeta scrophularioides Rech. f. , Nepeta virgata K. Koch ): It occurs from Turkey via Transcaucasia to Iran.
  • Nepeta teydea Webb & Berthel. : It occurs only on the Canary Islands Tenerife and La Palma .
  • Nepeta tibestica Maire : This endemic occurs in Chad only in the Tibesti Mountains.
  • Nepeta × tmolea Boiss. = Nepeta nuda × Nepeta viscida : It occurs only in western Turkey.
  • Nepeta trachonitica Post : It occurs from southeastern Turkey to northern Iraq.
  • Nepeta transiliensis Pojark. : It occurs in Kazakhstan.
  • Nepeta trautvetteri Boiss. & Buhse : It occurs in Transcaucasia.
  • Nepeta trichocalyx Greuter & Burdet : It occurs in Turkey.
  • Nepeta tuberosa L .: It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Portugal, Spain and Sicily.
  • Nepeta tytthantha Pojark. : It occurs in Tajikistan.
  • Nepeta uberrima Rech. F. : It occurs in Afghanistan.
  • Nepeta ucranica L .: There have been four subspecies since 1982:
    • Nepeta ucranica subsp. kopetdaghensis (Pojark.) Rech. f. (Syn .: Nepeta kopetdaghensis Pojark. ): It occurs in southern Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran.
    • Nepeta ucranica subsp. parviflora (M.Bieb.) M.Masclans (Syn .: Nepeta parviflora M.Bieb. , Nepeta euxina Velen. ): It occurs in Southeastern and Eastern Europe in Bulgaria , Romania , Ukraine and the Crimea .
    • Nepeta ucranica subsp. shishkinii (Pojark.) Rech. f. (Syn .: Nepeta shishkinii Pojark. ): It occurs in Transcaucasia and northern Iran.
    • Nepeta ucranica L. subsp. ucranica : It is widespread from Romania and Bulgaria and from Russia via Ukraine, Central Asia to Xinjiang.
  • Nepeta veitchii Duthie : It thrives on grassy slopes at altitudes of 3600 to 4100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Nepeta velutina Pojark. : It occurs only in the southern Transcaucasia.
  • Nepeta viscida Boiss. : It occurs in western Turkey.
  • Nepeta vivianii (Coss.) Bég. & Vacc. : It occurs in Libya.
  • Nepeta wettsteinii Heinr.Braun : It occurs in northern Iraq and northwestern Iran.
  • Nepeta wilsonii Duthie : It thrives on grassy slopes at altitudes of 2600 to 4100 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Nepeta woodiana Hedge : It only occurs in Yemen .
  • Nepeta wuana H.J.Dong, CLXiang & Jamzad : It wasfirst describedin 2015 from the Chinese province of Shanxi .
  • Nepeta yanthina Franch. : It thrives on stony slopes and in deserts near stagnant waters at altitudes of 4200 to 4300 meters in Tibet.
  • Nepeta yesoensis (Franch. & Sav.) BDJacks. : It occurs in Japan.
  • Nepeta zandaensis H.W.Li : It thrives on stony slopes and high, stony alluvial cones at altitudes of 4,300 to 4,600 meters in Tibet.
  • Nepeta zangezura Grossh. : It occurs in Transcaucasia.

Botanical and Horticultural History

First mentions, around the 1st century AD, of a plant called Calamintha, which the Romans called Nepeta, can be found in Pedanios Dioscurides , a Greek doctor and herbalist. Whether this refers to Nepeta or Calamintha cannot be determined without any doubt. Their use as a medicinal plant can be proven from the 9th century AD. In 1760 Nepeta sibirica was introduced to England.

The crossing Nepeta × faassenii has been known since 1784 . Some of the standard varieties originated before World War II .

Ingredients and effects

Hildegard of Bingen sat powdered catnip at unruptured Skrofeln (d. H. Skrofulose) on the neck as a spread, puree or a cake. If the scrofula is broken, she recommends the fresh leaves as an envelope.

In 1735 K'Eogh wrote in the Irish Herbal about the Nepeta : “It promotes urination and menstruation; it drives out the stillborn child; it opens blockages in the lungs and uterus; it is good for internal bruises and shortness of breath ”. Nepeta species that occur in Turkey contain the essential oils citral , citronellol , geraniol , limonene , nepetalactone and spathulenol as well as tannins and bitter substances . As a tea, catnip has a diuretic, menstrual, abortive, anticonvulsant and antipyretic effect. In addition, it is said to work against vomiting diarrhea and, mixed with salt and eaten raw or cooked, help against worms.

Nepeta is also effective against yellow fever mosquitoes . In each of the tests, 20 mosquitoes were placed in large glass tubes, which were treated on one side with different doses of nepetalactone . After ten minutes there were only about four to five mosquitoes left on the nepetalactone treated sides. On a trial basis, Nepeta is used to protect stable cows against insect bites.

Nepeta grandiflora cultivar 'Dawn to Dusk'
Hybrid catnip ( Nepeta × faassenii )

Use as an ornamental plant

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Nepeta species and varieties are mostly used in dry, sunny locations. Because it is unpretentious and requires little maintenance, it is also suitable for difficult locations, for example slopes, green roofs , traffic islands and all dry areas where intensive maintenance is hardly possible. Nepeta govaniana , Nepeta grandiflora , Nepeta manchuriensis , Nepeta sibirica , Nepeta subsessilis are suitable for fresh to moist borders , light-shaded beds and areas around the edges of trees .

The catnip is an easy-care, undemanding perennial with a long flowering time. It can be planted in dry places in the garden; regular watering is not necessary. The Nepeta thrives well on nutrient-poor soils.

The classic uses are border edging and in rock gardens . But there are also higher forms that can be used in the rear border area. A trough planting is also possible with Nepeta. It also plays an important role in near-natural gardens .

There are also hybrids developed in culture , for example hybrid catnip ( Nepeta × faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn = cross between Nepeta racemosa and Nepeta nepetella )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Nepeta at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ Gustav Hegi , Hans J. Conert, Eckhart J. Hunter, Joachim W. Kadereit, Dimitri Hartl, Gerhard Wagenitz : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe . tape  5 , part 4, 2nd edition. Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, 1975, ISBN 3-8263-2850-7 .
  3. ^ Nepeta at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 18, 2018.
  4. ^ A b c d Nepeta in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Nepeta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Xi-wen Li, Ian C.Hedge: Lamiaceae . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H.Raven (Ed.): Verbenaceae through Solanaceae (=  Flora of China . Volume 1 ). tape 17 . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , Nepeta , pp. 107 ( efloras.org - section description, online with the same text as the printed work).
  7. ↑ Tauheeda Hassan: Systematic studies on genus Nepeta L Lamiaceae in Kashmir Himalayas. Thesis Submitted to the University of Kashmir for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), 2010. PDF 2016.
  8. ↑ Deni Bown: Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses , Herb Society of America, Dorling Kindersley, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7894-0184-7 , 424 pages.
  9. ↑ Sevcan Celenk, Tuncay Dirmenci, Hulusi Malyer, Adem Bicakci: A palynological study of the genus Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . No. 276 . Springer Verlag, 2008, ISSN  1615-6110 , p. 105-123 , doi : 10.1007 / s00606-008-0062-7 .
  10. ↑ KHC Baser, N. Kirimer, M. Kurkcuoglu, B. Demirci: Essential Oils of Nepeta Species Growing in Turkey. In: Chemistry of Natural Compounds , Volume 36, No. 4, 2000, pp. 356-359.
  11. ↑ Catnip Oil repels bloodsucking flies. In: ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 8, 2011 .

literature

  • Richard Hansen , Friedrich Stahl: The perennials and their areas of life in gardens and green spaces . Ulmer, 1997, ISBN 3-8001-6630-5 .
  • Focko Weberling , Hans Otto Schwantes: Plant system. Introduction to systematic botany . UTB For Science, 2000, ISBN 3-8001-2545-5 .
  • Dieter Hess: The blossom. An introduction to the structure and function, ecology and evolution of flowers. With instructions for simple experiments . Ulmer, 1983, ISBN 3-8001-6147-8 .
  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen , Karlheinz Senghas, Siegmund Seybold: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2000, ISBN 3-494-01252-0 .
  • Rob Proctor: Perennials. A garden that blooms again and again . DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7701-2797-8 .

Web links

Commons : Catnips ( Nepeta )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files