Athroismeae

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Athroismeae
Centipeda minima in Korea

Centipeda minima in Korea

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Athroismeae
Scientific name
Athroismeae
Panero

The tribe Athroismeae belongs to the subfamily Asteroideae within the plant family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). It contains about seven plant genera with about 59 to 70 species, which are mainly distributed in Africa and Australia.

description

Appearance and leaves

They are annual to perennial herbaceous plants or woody plants: shrubs or small trees . Some species have an aromatic smell. The leaves are arranged in basal rosettes or mostly on the stem, usually alternate or in bundles, are stalked or sessile with a simple leaf blade. The undersides of the leaves can have glandular hairs ( indument , trichomes).

Inflorescences and flowers

The terminal körbchen shaped part inflorescences appear singly or in schirmrispigen , zymösen total inflorescences together. The stalked or rarely seated flower heads are usually disc-shaped or ball-like to spherical. The bracts , standing together in one to four rows, are herbaceous and almost the same or vary in steps; they are sometimes reduced or absent. The convex to conical, sometimes more or less spherical basket bottom can have chaff leaves . In the cup-shaped inflorescence there are often only tubular flowers . If there are ray-florets at the edge, then they are female with yellow or white corollas. The tubular flowers (disc flowers) are bell-shaped and hermaphroditic or functionally male; there are two to many per flower head. The corolla of the tubular flowers are white, greenish-white or white-yellowish, rarely purple and have four or five crown teeth. The four or five anthers can be short tailed and rarely these appendages are well developed and branched. The stylus is undivided and thread-like or it consists of two branches of the stylus.

Fruits and pappus

All achenes of an infructescence are mostly the same and brown or black, flattened or almost round, smooth or sometimes thickly grooved or ribbed; they are bald or ciliate on the longitudinal ribs and have glandular hairs. In this tribe there may be a pappus . The pappus consists of pappus bristles or differently frayed scales, a crown of double trichomes , sometimes with only two pappus bristles.

Systematics and distribution

The species of the tribe Athroismeae are mainly distributed in East Africa and some species occur in West Africa and Madagascar . Another center of biodiversity is Australia . There are some species in southern Asia and Southeast Asia .

The Tribus Athroismeae was established in 2002 by José L. Panero in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington , Volume 115, Issue 4, p. 917. Type genus is Athroisma DC. The tribe Athroismeae is the sister tribus of Heliantheae .

Centipeda cunninghamii
Inflorescences and leaves of Centipeda minima

The tribe Athroismeae contains only about seven (since 2010) genera with about 59 to 70 species. The tribe is divided into three subtribes:

  • Subtribe Anisopappinae Panero : It contains three genera with about 22 to 42 species:
    • Anisopappus Hook. & Arn. : It contains 20 to 40 species mainly in southern (nine species) and tropical Africa and Madagascar. One species is native to China.
    • Cardosoa S.Ortiz & Paiva : It was set up in 2010 and contains only one species:
    • Welwitschiella O. Hoffm. : It contains only one type:
  • Subtribus Athroisminae Panero : It contains three genera with around 28 species:
    • Athroisma DC. : The approximately twelve species distributed in Africa, Madagascar, India and Indonesia.
    • Blepharispermum Wight ex DC. : The 15 or so species are distributed in Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent.
    • Leucoblepharis Arnott : it contains only one species:
  • Subtribus Centipedinae Panero : It contains only one genus:
    • Centipeda Lour. : The formerly five to six species, now around ten, occur in Madagascar, Indomalaysia, Chile, Australia (five species), New Zealand and on Pacific islands, the center of biodiversity is in Australia and New Zealand; for example:

use

The medicinal effects of Centipeda cunninghamii and Centipeda minima were studied.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Yousheng Chen & Arne A. Anderberg: Description of the Tribus Athroismeae , p. 851 - the same text online as the printed text , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 20-21 - Asteraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0
  2. ^ A b José L. Panero: Compositae: Tribe Athroismeae. Pp. 395-400, In: JW Kadereit, C. Jeffrey (Ed.): Families and Genera of Vascular Plants , Volume VIII, Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007: limited preview in the Google book search
  3. ^ José L. Panero: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington , Volume 115, Issue 4, 2002, p. 917. First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  4. ^ Athroismeae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 6, 2014.
  5. ↑ a b Entry in Global Compositae Checklist .
  6. ↑ Santiago Ortiz: Cardosoa, a new genus of the subtribe Anisopappinae (Athroismeae, Asteraceae) , In: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid , 01, 2010: doi : 10.3989 / ajbm.2235
  7. ↑ Stephan Nylinder, Bodil Cronholm, Peter J. de Lange, Neville Walsh & Arne A. Anderberg: Species tree phylogeny and character evolution in the genus Centipeda (Asteraceae): evidence from DNA sequences from coding and non-coding loci from the plastid and nuclear genomes. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 68, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 239-250: doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.03.020
  8. ^ Centipeda minima at Plants For A Future

further reading

  • Arne A. Anderberg Anderberg: Athroismeae. In: Victoria Ann Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy & RJ Bayer (Eds.): Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Compositae. , Pp. 681-688. Vienna, Austria: International Association for Plant Taxonomy - IAPT.

Web links

Commons : Athroismeae  - collection of images, videos and audio files