Feddea cubensis

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Feddea cubensis
Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Feddeeae
Genre : Feddea
Type : Feddea cubensis
Scientific name of the  tribe
Feddeeae
Pruski , P. Herrera , Anderb. & Franc. location.
Scientific name of the  genus
Feddea
Urb.
Scientific name of the  species
Feddea cubensis
Urb.

Feddea cubensis is the only plant species of the single genus Feddea the tribe Feddeeae within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). This endangered species is endemic to eastern Cuba .

description

Appearance and foliage leaf

In Feddea cubensis is a woody plant, which as self-erect or ascending or burr-forming bush up to the vine grows, wherein growth heights are achieved of up to 4 meters. It has a soft wood . The moderately branched and, with a diameter of up to 5 mm, almost stem -round stem axes have a striped, bald bark , which is often reddish in the upper area. The stems are fixed to the upper Nodien angled (nodes) to easily noticeable up to 25 ° zig-zag and the lower Nodien are somewhat swollen. The internodes are 0.7 to 2.5 cm in length.

The alternately arranged leaves are evenly distributed on the upper half of the stem axis and fall off in the lower area. The bald, often reddish petiole has a length of 0.4 to 1 cm and a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm and is kneeled and somewhat runny. The simple, thick paper-like to somewhat leathery leaf blade is elliptical to ovoid with a length of (1.5 to) usually 3.5 to 11 cm and a width of (0.8 to) mostly 1.3 to 4.2 cm or obovate, gradually narrowing towards the bottom with a wedge-shaped blade base, which is sometimes somewhat asymmetrical and with a pointed to blunt upper end. The sometimes reddish and slightly bent back edge of the leaf is almost smooth or serrated with one to four teeth on each side that are no more than 0.5 mm deep. The leaf surfaces are bare. There is pinnate nerve with five to ten lateral nerves on each side of the midrib that are at an angle of about 75 °. The third and fourth order lateral nerves form a clearly visible network nerve. The median nerve is slightly protruding on the underside of the leaf, the lateral nerves are less protruding.

Inflorescence and flower

In an open, loose, 1.5 to 3 cm long and 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide total inflorescence , which does not protrude very much above the uppermost leaves, there are five to ten head-shaped inflorescences . The bald, thin, 2 to 11 mm long, reddish or greenish inflorescence stems have one or two sessile bracts, which are triangular to linear-inverted-lanceolate with a length of 1 to 2 mm. The flower head cover ( involucre ) is cylindrical with a length of 9 to 11.5 mm and a diameter of 5 to 7 mm. In five to seven rows there are 19 to 24 stiff, dry-skinned and greenish-brown bracts in the upper area at the edge and at their tips . They have entire margins and often have short eyelashes, glabrous with a longitudinal resin canal that is green at first, but turns black when dry. The bracts are initially close-fitting, but by the time the fruit is ripe they are almost or completely curved back. With a length of 1 to 2.5 mm and a width of 1 to 2 mm, the outer bracts are delta-shaped to triangular-ovoid with a wide, pointed to blunt upper end. The outer ones go over to the inner bracts in a stepped manner. The inner bracts are 8 to 10 mm long and 1.3 to 2.0 mm wide, obscure lanceolate with a pointed upper end. The slightly convex cup base has a diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. There are no chaff leaves. The relatively large flower head with a length of 12 to 15 mm contains only nine to twelve flowers.

The hermaphrodite tubular flowers are fertile. The white to cream-colored, 8.5 to 9.5 mm long, bald petals are fused tubular to narrow funnel-shaped. The five-nerved, 0.7 to 1.3 mm long corolla tube has a length of 4 to 5 mm and a diameter of about 0.4 mm; it is widened to 0.8 to 1 mm at its base and the throat is only very slightly widened. With a length of 3.5 to 4.0 mm, the five corolla lobes are linear-lanceolate, slightly extended to the upper end, slightly curved back and have two nerves at the edge. The 1.5 to 1.8 mm long stamens have a well-developed stamen collar. The five contiguous anthers are 3.7 to 4 mm wide and linear, initially cream-colored and after the anthesis tan-colored and have weakly keeled, about 1 mm long and about 0.5 mm wide, blunt to rounded at their upper end Appendage. At their base they have a length of 1.2 to 1.5 mm wide, linear, sterile, unbranched tails that do not narrow at their tip. The tricolor pollen grains are spherical with a diameter of 30 µm with a prickly surface. The two, with a length of 2.2 to 2.8 mm wide-linear, yellowish style branches have a blunt to wide-pointed upper end and two bands with scar tissue on their upper side.

fruit

The sometimes slightly square or pentagonal achenes are 3.5 mm long, brown, smooth and have 10 to 15 stripes. The pappus consists of a row of 75 with a length of 9 mm linear, straw-colored, rough bristles. The straw-colored “Carpopodium” at the base of the achenes consists of several layers of cells and is about 0.5 mm high.

Occurrence and endangerment

Feddea cubensis is endemic to the eastern part of the island of Cuba . This nickel-accumulating species thrives on soils containing heavy metals over what was originally ultramafic rock, which is now present as serpentine rock . In the two provinces of Holguín and Guantánamo there are areas with these soils and there are some locations of this species. Feddea cubensis thrives on moist soils and along rivers. It occurs in the following types of vegetation: gallery forest , semi-arid serpentine bush forest, Pinus cubensis serpentine forest and semi-arid serpentine mountain forest.

Depending on the author, Feddea cubensis is classified as a type of early warning list ("Near Threatened") to as critically endangered ("Critically Endangered"). The latter assessment is based on the fact that this research group only found five specimens at the “Charrascales de La Cuaba” site in the province of Guantánamo and could not find any more specimens at two other known locations. Intensive research is therefore necessary in order to determine the number of specimens still existing in wild locations.

Systematics

The first description of the genus Feddea was made in 1925 by Ignatz Urban with the (1848 to 1931) type species Feddea cubensis in Sertum antillanum XXII in Frederick Fedde (ed.): Repertory specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis , new central sheet for collection and publication of individual diagnoses plants , Berlin, Volume 21, pp. 74-75, Figure 15. The herbarium document deposited in New York was used as the lectotype material : Ekman 4285, January 17, 1915, “ Cuba. Oriente: Baracoa in Lomas de Cuaba in pinetis ”. This herbarium specimen was collected by the Swedish botanist Erik Leonard Ekman in the eastern Cuban municipality of Baracoa . A total of three documents were deposited from this initial collection: one is in Stockholm, one in New York and the document deposited in Berlin has been destroyed. The botanical genus name Feddea honors the botanist Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde (1873–1942) and the specific epithet cubensis refers to the homeland Cuba.

Since it was first described in 1925, the classification of this species / genus in the Asteraceae system has been controversial. Sure it was just that it belongs to the subfamily of the Asteroideae. The investigations within this subfamily revealed either an unexplained position within the Asteroideae or the Inuleae tribe for Feddea . During field work between 2003 and 2005 in Cuba, new material from Feddea cubensis was also collected. Molecular genetic studies (DNA sequence analysis of the chloroplasts ndhF) as well as the examination of the pollen surface with the electron microscope now allow the position of this species within the Asteroideae to be shown. Feddea cubensis is therefore the only species of the only genus Feddea of the tribe Feddeeae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae . The tribe Feddeeae Pruski, P.Herrera, Anderb. & Franc. location. was only published in 2008 in Kathleen A. Cariaga, John F. Pruski, Ramona Oviedo, Arne A. Anderberg, Carl E. Lewis & Javier Francisco-Ortega: Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered Genus Endemic to Cuba. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 33, Issue 1, pp. 193-202 prepared. This tribe is sister group to Heliantheae s. l., thus the tribe Eupatorieae, Heliantheae and Helenieae; it is not related to the Inuleae tribe.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rosalina Berazaín Iturralde , F. Areces-Berazaín, JC Lazcano-Lara, LR González-Torres: Lista roja de la flora vascular cubana , In: Documentos del Jardín Botánico Atlántico (Gijón). 4, 2005, pp. 1-86.
  2. ↑ Cariaga et al. (See Ref.)
  3. ↑ Feddea cubensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ Feddea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  6. ↑ Kathleen A. Cariaga, John F. Pruski, Ramona Oviedo, Arne A. Anderberg, Carl E. Lewis, Javier Francisco-Ortega: Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered Genus Endemic to Cuba. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 33, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 193-202. doi : 10.1600 / 036364408783887348