Plucheeae

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Plucheeae
Pluchea indica

Pluchea indica

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Plucheeae
Scientific name
Plucheeae
( Cass. Ex Dum. ) Anderb.

The tribe Plucheeae belongs to the subfamily Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It contains 27 to 28 plant genera and 219 to 220 species.

description

Achenes with pappus from Streptoglossa adscendens

Vegetative characteristics

There are annual to perennial herbaceous plants or woody plants: Half bushes , shrubs or small trees . The leaves are rarely basal in rosettes or mostly distributed on the stem, mostly alternate, rarely almost opposite, are stalked or sessile and usually simply or rarely divided. The leaf margins are smooth, toothed, serrated or lobed.

Generative characteristics

The basket-shaped inflorescences are usually of branched, doldentraubigen , rispigen total inflorescences together; only at Sachsia do they stand individually. The flower heads are mostly disc-shaped. 12 to about 30 more or less in size and shape different bracts stand together in usually three to more than six rows; their edges and / or tips are usually clearly paper-like. The flat to convex inflorescence base is usually hairless. In the cup-shaped inflorescence there are usually only tubular flowers. Probably only Sachsia has whitish, female, zygomorphic flowers on the edge with a "tongue" that ends with three crown teeth. All flowers are usually pink to purple in color, sometimes whitish, rarely yellow. At the edge there are usually one, rarely two or more rows zygomorpher ray florets , called ray florets; they are mostly female and fertile , there are also functionally male flowers. The radially symmetrical tubular flowers are mostly all hermaphroditic and fertile with mostly four, rarely five corolla lobes. The anthers are usually more or less tailed at their base and have appendages. Usually no appendages can be seen on the stylus.

All achenes of an infructescence are usually the same and smooth or ribbed. In this tribe there is usually a pappus made of mostly bearded to rarely feathery pappus bristles or free to overgrown scales in one or two rows.

Systematics and distribution

The Pluchea carolinensis shrub forms large stands
Pluchea absinthioides grows as a perennial herbaceous plant
Tessaria integrifolia grows as a tree

The tribe Plucheeae and Gnaphalieae became from the earlier much larger tribe Inuleae Cass. outsourced. The tribe Plucheeae Cass. ex Dumort. was reactivated in 1989 by Arne A. Anderberg, in Canadian Journal of Botany , Volume 67, 2293. But it turned out that Inuleae is not monophyletic without the genera of Plucheeae and Anderberg et al. 2005 write of an Inuleae-Plucheeae complex. The tribe Inuleae s. l. is divided into two subtribes Inulinae Cass. ex Dumort. and Plucheinae Cass. ex Dumort. The tribe Plucheeae, as it is shown here, is probably the subtribe Plucheinae Cass with small differences . ex Dumort. within the tribe Inuleae s. l. This view was not followed in the Flora of North America 2006 and the tribe Plucheeae retained. The rank of tribe or subtribe for this kinship group is controversial.

The taxa of the Plucheeae tribe are native to both the Old World and the New World . It is missing in Europe . There are taxa throughout the Neotropic , Africa, Asia, and Australia. They mostly thrive in tropical and subtropical areas. Some species are neophytes in many countries around the world. The genus Rhodogeron occurs only in Cuba . In Peru there are four genera ( Pluchea , Pseudoconyza , Pterocaulon , Tessaria ) with only about seven species. In North America there are three genera with about twelve species.

Alphabetical list of genres (selection)

The tribe Plucheeae contains 27 to 28 genera with 219 to 220 species:

  • Blumeopsis Gagnep. : It contains only one type:
    • Blumeopsis flava (DC.) Gagnepain : It is distributed in tropical Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam.
  • Cylindrocline Cass. : The only two species occur only on the Mascarene .
  • Doellia Sch.Bip. : The only two species are distributed in southern Africa, Madagascar, eastern Africa to Sinai, Iran and Pakistan.
  • Laggera Sch.Bip. ex Koch : The approximately 17 species are distributed in tropical Africa, Arabia and Asia.
  • Litogyne Harv. : It contains only one type:
  • Nicolasia S.Moore : Of the seven African species, six occur in the Capensis.
  • Pluchea Cass. : The approximately 40 to 80 species are distributed in Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, North America, the Pacific Islands, Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands.
  • Porphyrostemma Benth. ex Oliv. : The three or so species are common in Africa.
  • Pseudoconyza Cuatr. : It contains only one type:
  • Pterocaulon Ell. : The approximately 17 to 18 species are distributed in Southeast Asia , Australia and the New World: The eleven species of the section Pterocaulon are mainly found in South America. The species of the Monenteles (Labillardière) Cabrera section occur in Australasia.
  • Rhodogeron Griseb. : It contains only one type:
  • Sachsia Griseb. : The approximately three species have a Caribbean distribution: Cuba, Bahamas , southern Florida , Jamaica and Hispaniola .
  • Sphaeranthus L .: The 40 or so species are found in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia, and also in Australia.
  • Streptoglossa Steetz : The eight or so species are common in Australia.
  • Tessaria Ruiz & Pavón : It contains only one species:
    • Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pavón : It is a tree that is widespread from Central America to Argentina.

swell

  • Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae : Tribus Plucheeae , p. 415 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 19 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 1. , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 (sections description and systematics)
  • Pia Eldenäs, Mari Källersjö, Arne A. Anderberg: Phylogenetic Placement and Circumscription of Tribes Inuleae s. st. and Plucheeae (Asteraceae): Evidence from Sequences of Chloroplast Gene ndhF. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 13, Issue 1, 1999, pp. 50-58. doi : 10.1006 / mpev.1999.0635
  • L. Hong, J. Trusty, R. Oviedo, Arne A. Anderberg & J. Francisco-Ortega: Molecular phylogenetics of the Caribbean genera Rhodogeron and Sachsia (Asteraceae). In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 165, 2004, pp. 209-217.
  • Arne A. Anderberg: Doellia, an overlooked genus in the Asteraceae-Plucheeae. , in Willdenowia , 25, 1995, pp. 19-24.
  • Arne A. Anderberg: Tribe Plucheeae , pp. 292-303, in K. Bremer (Ed.) Asteraceae, Cladistics and Classification. , Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1994.
  • Arne A. Anderberg: Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Plucheeae (Asteraceae) , In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 176, 1991, pp. 145-177.
  • Information on the Plucheeae tribe in Flora of Pakistan . (engl.)
  • JL Panero & VA Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 47, Issue 2, 2008, pp. 757-782.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arne A. Anderberg, Pia Eldenäs, Randall J. Bayer, Markus Englund: Evolutionary relationships in the Asteraceae tribe Inuleae (incl. Plucheeae) evidenced by DNA sequenced of ndhF; with notes on the systematic position of some aberrant genera. In: Organisms, Diversity & Evolution , Volume 5, 2005, pp. 135-146. doi : 10.1016 / j.ode.2004.10.015
  2. ↑ Flora of Zimbabwe .

Web links

Commons : Plucheeae  - collection of images, videos and audio files