Ascent of all eight-thousanders

Reinhold Messner , who was the first to climb all eight-thousanders (photo from 2005)

The ascent of all eight-thousanders , i.e. the fourteen mountains worldwide with a height of over 8000 meters , is a special challenge in high-altitude mountaineering . Only 39 people have succeeded in this (as of 2019). Seventeen of them made it without the aid of bottled oxygen , which is considered an even more extraordinary achievement.

The first to climb all eight-thousanders is Reinhold Messner from South Tyrol . It began in 1970 and completed the series on October 16, 1986. In spring 2010, Oh Eun-sun from South Korea and Edurne Pasaban joined the list for the first time, followed by Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner in August 2011. However, the South Korean's performance is controversial; u. a. one of their summit successes is being questioned in the professional world.

Several other climbers have claimed to have climbed all eight-thousanders, but not all of their climbs are recognized. Because of the sometimes massive use of helpers and aids, a debate is being held about the comparability of mountaineering performances.

The eight-thousanders

The Mount Everest , the highest mountain in the world

→ Main article : Eight-thousanders

There are 14 eight-thousanders on earth. Specifically, these are Mount Everest (8848 m), K2 (8611 m), Kangchenjunga (8586 m), Lhotse (8516 m), Makalu (8485 m), Cho Oyu (8188 m), Dhaulagiri (8167 m), Manaslu ( 8163 m), Nanga Parbat (8125 m), Annapurna (8091 m), Hidden Peak (also called Gasherbrum I, 8080 m), Broad Peak (8051 m), Gasherbrum II (8034 m) and Shishapangma (8027 m). Ten of these mountains are in the Himalayas , the other four in the adjacent Karakoram . They are spread over the countries of India , Nepal , Pakistan and the People's Republic of China with its autonomous provinces of Tibet (Himalaya) and Xinjiang (Karakoram).

A number of minor peaks are also located at an altitude of 8,000 meters or more. For the ascent series, however, only the main peaks are counted, especially since there is no generally binding criterion as to when an elevation is to be classified as a sub-peak (see the article on mountain peaks ).

The abbreviation 14 × 8000 or 14 × 8000 is also used for climbing all eight-thousanders .

history

1950s and 1960s - first ascent of the eight-thousanders

On May 29, 1953 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay succeeded in the first ascent of Mount Everest

As the first eight-thousander, the Annapurna was climbed on June 3, 1950 by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal as part of a French expedition. Three years later, on May 29, 1953, Sir Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay stood for the first time on the highest point on earth, the main summit of Mount Everest. The lowest of the fourteen, the Shishapangma, was the last eight-thousander to be climbed: on May 2, 1964, ten climbers on a Chinese expedition reached its summit.

Two mountaineers, both Austrians, each climbed two eight-thousanders for the first time: Hermann Buhl and Kurt Diemberger . On July 3, 1953, Buhl was the first to stand on Nanga Parbat. Together with Diemberger and two others, he succeeded four years later, on July 9, 1957, the first ascent of Broad Peak. Diemberger was also a member of the six-person group that first reached the summit of Dhaulagiri on May 13, 1960.

1970s - first eight-thousander collectors

After all eight-thousanders had been climbed for the first time, high-altitude mountaineers aimed specifically at climbing several eight-thousanders from the 1970s onwards. Often they also set themselves the goal of not following the routes of the first climbers, but choosing other, more difficult ascent routes .

After the first ascent of the Rupalwand des Nanga Parbat in 1970 and the summit successes on the Manaslu in 1972 and the Hidden Peak in 1975, Reinhold Messner was the first person to climb three of these mountains, the latter in a two- person rope team with the Austrian Peter Habeler . This last ascent was a novelty, because until then the eight-thousanders had only been climbed in the expedition style , i.e. with storage chains, girders and fixed ropes. The Messner-Habeler team attracted even more attention when the two climbed Mount Everest together in 1978 - as the first without additional oxygen, which many had long thought impossible. In the same year Diemberger was successful on Mount Everest and Makalu. This means that Messner and Diemberger each recorded four of the highest peaks in their tour book; Messner added the K2 the following year. The goal of climbing all fourteen eight-thousanders has not yet been discussed - at least publicly. At the same time, the difficulties in obtaining the official permits required for a high-altitude expedition in Nepal, Pakistan and China have decreased. As a result, expeditions to the eight-thousanders were now also organized commercially. One of the first was a Dhaulagiri expedition advertised publicly by Max Eiselin in 1980, during which the Swiss Marcel Rüedi, among others, climbed his first eight-thousander.

1980s - race for the first title

Jerzy Kukuczka (left) together with Andrzej Czok in 1980 on the way to the summit of Mount Everest

In 1981 Messner climbed his sixth eight-thousander and in 1982 three more, something that nobody had managed to do within a year. On the ascent to the last, Broad Peak, he met the two Poles Jerzy Kukuczka and Wojciech Kurtyka . For Kukuczka, the mountain was already the fourth eight-thousander.

In June 1983, Rüedi and his Swiss compatriot Erhard Loretan undercut Messner's speed record from the previous year by conquering three eight-thousander together in just fifteen days: Gasherbrum II, Hidden Peak and Broad Peak. A month later, Kukuczka also climbed Gasherbrum II and Hidden Peak. In the same year Messner made his intention publicly to climb all eight-thousanders. He had already climbed the tenth with the Cho Oyu in May. His closest pursuer was Kukuczka with now six eight-thousanders; Rüedi and Loretan each had four.

While Messner and Kukuczka could not record a summit success on one of the missing eight-thousanders in 1984, the two Swiss climbed two each this year and thus caught up with Kukuczka.

In January 1985, Kukuczka climbed Dhaulagiri and less than a month later Cho Oyu. Two winter ascents in such a short time were not only a highly regarded achievement, the Pole reduced Messner's lead to just two peaks. The question of who would have climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders first has now caught the attention of the international press. Before the end of the 1985 season, Kukuczka managed his ninth eight-thousander, Rüedi and Loretan the numbers 7 and 8, Messner increased to twelve.

In 1986, Kukuczka climbed his tenth and eleventh eight-thousander, while Rüedi and Loretan each reached their ninth, before Messner set off for his penultimate, Makalu, in September. At the same time Rüedi was on the mountain, together with the Pole Krzysztof Wielicki . Wielicki reached the summit first, for him it was the fifth eight-thousander. Rüedi also stood on the summit, but died on the descent from his tenth eight-thousander and was later found dead by Messner.

On October 16, 1986 Messner reached the summit of the Lhotse and was the first to complete the eight-thousand-meter series. Kukuczka was at eleven peaks at this point and by the end of the year should still make the twelfth with the Manaslu; Meanwhile, Loretan suffered the first failure of his mountaineering career when he failed on his tenth eight-thousander. In the following year, Kukuczka climbed his last two and thus secured second place. It was only eight years later (1995) that Erhard Loretan completed his list as third.

Women's title hunt

Edurne Pasaban , who is considered the second woman on all eight-thousanders (photo from 2010)

Around twenty years after Messner's success, a comparable race for the title of the first woman on all eight-thousanders took place. The most promising candidates at the end of the 2006 season were the Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner , the Italian Nives Meroi and the Spanish Edurne Pasaban . Unlike the men, there was no clear favorite with a clear lead: Meroi and Kaltenbrunner had both stood on an eight-thousander for the first time in 1998 and have now climbed nine eight-thousander each. Pasaban, who debuted in 2001, was only one peak behind. The three weren't the first female eight-thousander collectors: Wanda Rutkiewicz had climbed six eight-thousander from 1975 to 1990 and wanted to climb all the remaining eight at great heights in 1991/1992 without descending into the flatlands in between. She managed two single-handedly in 1991; She was last seen in May 1992 on the ascent to Kangchenjunga and has since been considered missing.

In May 2007, Meroi worked his way to the top of Mount Everest. Less than two months later, Kaltenbrunner and Pasaban went to the summit of Broad Peak together. The group included other eight-thousander collectors: The Italian Silvio Mondinelli was 13th on the list of mountaineers who climbed all eight-thousander that day. For the Ecuadorian Ivan Vallejo and Kaltenbrunner's German husband Ralf Dujmovits , on the other hand, nothing has changed for the time being, as both had previously been on Broad Peak. Vallejo had one more, Dujmovits two more summits. Both completed the series of ascent, Dujmovits on May 20, 2009 as the first German.

In 2008, two more women had climbed so many eight-thousanders that they were now among the possible candidates for the title of the first 14 × 8000 woman: the South Koreans Oh Eun-sun and Go Mi-sun . The former had already stood on an eight-thousander in 1997, in front of the three Europeans. Then she failed on Makalu, Broad Peak and K2, and it had taken seven years to conquer a second eight-thousander, Mount Everest. In 2006 she did her third, in 2007 two more. From then on, she used aids to a large extent in order to be able to climb as many eight-thousander as possible per season, for example flew to base camp in helicopters and used large teams to carry equipment and to trace paths. In 2008 alone, she “collected” four eight-thousanders and thus shortened the lead of Kaltenbrunner, Meroi and Pasaban, who were tied with eleven eight-thousanders each at the end of the season. She spoke openly of wanting to climb all eight-thousanders and called the project "Project 14".

Go Mi-sun made her debut on Cho Oyu in 2006, and in 2007 and 2008 she climbed three eight-thousanders each; their methods were like Oh's. In 2009 she managed three eight-thousanders in spring alone, and wanted to have three more follow in summer. On the descent from Nanga Parbat, her eleventh eight-thousander, she fell to her death. Meroi did not climb eight-thousanders for the time being from 2009 because her husband and rope partner became seriously ill.

Oh Eun-sun continued her ascent at a fast pace in 2009 and again recorded four eight-thousanders in one year in her tour book. In the late year she even made two attempts at the only remaining summit, the Annapurna, but broke both off. Nevertheless, she was now in the lead with thirteen of the fourteen mountains ahead of Kaltenbrunner and Pasaban with 12. However, their extraordinary performances had triggered skepticism. In particular, her ascent of the Kangchenjunga on May 6, 2009 was called into question. Various chroniclers and organizations refuse to recognize this summit success (for more details see the dispute over the ascent of Kangchenjunga ). The Himalayan chronicler Elizabeth Hawley , authoritative authority for the recognition of climbs in Nepal, lists the ascent in her Himalayan database as "controversial".

On April 17, 2010, Pasaban climbed her penultimate eight-thousander, the Annapurna, and caught up with her competitor Oh Eun-sun again. But just ten days later Oh Eun-sun was on the same summit, making it the first woman to climb all eight-thousanders. Just three weeks later, Pasaban finished second with the ascent of Shishapangma.

Kaltenbrunner completed the series on August 23, 2011 as the first woman without the use of bottled oxygen.

Evaluation and appreciation

Recognition of the summit successes

Elizabeth Hawley was seen as authoritative for the recognition of eight-thousander climbs in Nepal (1999 photo)

There is no official body that would be responsible for the recognition of a summit success on an eight-thousander. Anyone who claims to have climbed one of these mountains has to convince the experts of it. Today, the ascents are often documented by photo or video material, but testimonies and detailed reports are still used as evidence.

In the case of the alleged ascent of the Lhotse in 1997 by the Italians Sergio Martini and Fausto de Stefani , the vague description of the ascent caused doubts. A subsequent climber, Park Young-seok , was able to clarify that the footprints of the two ended at least 150 meters below the summit. The ascent was ultimately not recognized. De Stefani is therefore listed in the statistics with only thirteen eight-thousanders; Martini repeated the Lhotse three years later, completing his eight-thousander list.

For the ascent of an eight-thousander in Nepal, the assessment of the American journalist and chronicler Elizabeth Hawley was generally recognized. Hawley recorded every expedition to the seven and eight thousand meter peaks of Nepal since the early 1960s. This data collection forms the basis of the Himalayan Database . She met with the participants before and after an ascent and asked them about the chosen ascent routes, the location of the high-altitude camps, the time frame and the like. Should Hawley then come to the judgment that a climber had not reached the summit, the ascent would not have received any international recognition. For eight-thousand-meter ascent outside of Nepal there is no instance comparable to Hawley.

Evaluation of the competitive situation

Whether the climbing series is a sporting competition is assessed differently by the media and those involved. The fundamental question of whether mountaineering is a sport that is suitable for rivalries, competitions and performance comparisons has been discussed since the 19th century. Before the First World War , German and Austrian mountaineers competed to see who would be the first to climb all the four-thousand-meter peaks in the Alps . They openly admitted - not without being criticized for it - to carry out a competition. In contrast, the question of whether there was a race for the position of the first on all eight-thousanders is answered inconsistently by those involved.

Although Reinhold Messner announced in 1983 that he wanted to climb all eight-thousanders, he said he never saw a competition in them. In later interviews, he said several times that his aim was not to set a record by being the first to climb all eight-thousanders. According to his account, it was the ascents themselves that interested him. He did not expect a race with Kukuczka, Rüedi or Loretan because he had such a big lead over the others that he was de facto impossible to catch. In addition, mountaineering is not a competitive sport and should not be misused to hunt records. A race was "exaggerated by the media".

In fact, by the end of 1983, Messner only had four peaks left and just as many ahead of Kukuczka and two more over Rüedi and Loretan. In the season after Messner's announcement, he and Kukuczka each climbed eight-thousanders on which they had already stood. If they had wanted to complete the eight-thousander list as quickly as possible, they would have had to go to the remaining peaks instead. A turning point can be seen in Kukuczka's double success at Dhaulagiri and Cho Oyu in early 1985. The Pole halved Messner's lead to just two peaks within just under four weeks, the attention of the international press grew and with it the pressure on the mountaineers. The starting shot for the "horse race", as Kurt Diemberger described the unofficial competition between Messner and Kukuczka, had been given. The media focused on the magic number 14 and launched the “race of the mountain kings”. Elizabeth Hawley compared the drama of the closing stages of this race to that of a World Cup final. In their assessment, Messner saw the situation not as a race, but as a personal challenge. For others, like Kukuczka, it should have been a competition. He never said himself that he was aiming for a record. One can also come to a different conclusion with regard to Messner. Several German daily newspapers point out that Messner had himself flown from Makalu to Lhotse base camp by helicopter in 1986. You see the reason that he wanted to save time in order to win the race against his adversary Kukuczka. Erhard Loretan confessed to the situation more openly: "I would be lying if I said that the race for the fourteen eight-thousanders never interested me," he writes in his autobiographical work Den Bergen fell victim and adds: "My brain did not withstand the countdown, which was hailed to me everywhere. ”He then describes how he felt a rivalry with the Frenchman Benoît Chamoux ; the two fought for position three in the list of 14 × 8000 climbers.

At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, the IOC wanted to award both Messner and Kukuczka Olympic medals in silver. However, Messner refused the award on the grounds that he wanted to prevent a new competition. Kukuczka, who saw a crucial difference between the medal of honor of the Olympic Order and an Olympic medal , accepted the award.

When the first women, two and a half decades after men, set out to climb all fourteen highest mountains on earth, a race was once again conjured up by the media: Die Welt and Die Zeit were headlines in their online editions of the "Race of Summiteers", the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of the "Eight-Thousand Hunting in the Himalayas", of the "Fight for the Eight-Thousand" and of the "Duel above the Clouds". In the mirror headlines could be read as "race in the death zone" or "showdown in the Himalayas".

The participating female climbers reacted differently to the developing competition situation. Oh Eun-sun never denied that it was a race, nor that she wanted the title of first 14 × 8000 woman. In this context, she is quoted as saying: “I just have a job to do.” She formulated her goal even more clearly in 2009: “I have the motivation to be the first woman to climb all 14 eight-thousanders.” Edurne Pasaban, too openly committed to this goal. However, she saw herself under great pressure from the Spanish media because of the competitive situation and in the meantime went to psychological treatment. Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner positioned herself completely differently. She has repeatedly emphasized in interviews that she does not care about being the first. If she had actually had ambitions for this title, she would have opted for the simpler normal routes , says Kaltenbrunner; Competitive pressure would block them. She also warned of the risks of a record hunt: "High-altitude mountaineering is far too dangerous to want to see a competition in it." Nives Meroi said of the title hunt: "There was a time when I actually went through this crazy circus," and was happy to have been out of the race at a certain point.

Controversial methods

Juanito Oiarzabal climbed all eight-thousanders without additional oxygen (photo from 2007)

The use of various aids to climb the eight-thousanders is controversial. This includes, above all, the use of bottled oxygen as a climbing aid, but also the support of high girders and the particularly comprehensive securing of the route with several hundred meters of fixed rope . The individual mountaineering achievements meet different recognition depending on the extent to which these aids are used.

A particularly puristic form of mountaineering is the so-called alpine style . The peaks are climbed solo or in small rope teams, the mountaineers forego prepared routes and carry their own equipment and food. Messner, Kukuczka and Loretan from the first generation of eight-thousanders are named as classic representatives of this style. They were on difficult or even new routes , often alone or in small groups, often in winter; Additional oxygen was only used once by Kukuczka, at times during the first ascent of the south pillar of Everest. Because of the high demands and dangers of this style , they too only made single ascents in pure alpine style. Usually a modified form was used because, for example, the deep snow on the normal routes had already been groomed by other climbers. However, since they avoided outside help and bottled oxygen whenever possible, their achievements are praised as exemplary in terms of sport.

In contrast, the expedition style facilitates the ascent due to the high expenditure of personnel and material. The tours of Oh Eun-sun are given as an example of mountaineering in the expedition style. She was flown to the base camp by helicopter, had her routes traced, was traveling with large groups of porters and used additional oxygen at at least two peaks.

If high-altitude mountaineering is understood as a competitive sport , the expedition style and the massive use of aids are often heavily criticized; accordingly, the performance of having climbed all eight-thousanders is rated differently. Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner categorically rejects additional oxygen. Messner's rope partner Hans Kammerlander denied Oh Eun-sun any sporting performance and compared her methods with using a moped for a bike race. Wolfgang Wabel, head of the elite sport department at the German Alpine Club , even classified the use of oxygen as doping . The association's magazine judged accordingly that Oh Eun-sun had "moved on the level of commercially run mountain tours rather than demonstrating athletic excellence."

Various mountaineers counter these allegations. In an interview with profil magazine in September 2010, Reinhold Messner was amazed at the criticism of the use of oxygen. After he and Peter Habeler climbed Mount Everest for the first time without additional oxygen, they were "condemned to the ground by the media" and "insulted as ambitious and irresponsible". He thinks it's funny that things are turning around today and that oxygen is even referred to as doping, says Messner. He also pointed out that Kaltenbrunner and Pasaban had also used helicopters. The German mountaineer Gaby Hupfauer admired while Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner purist style, but expresses itself against a categorical rejection of tools: "[...] it must each decide for himself how he is traveling on the mountain." A compromise is the attitude of the Swiss Evelyne Binsack a : In an interview with the Tages-Anzeiger, she spoke out in favor of recognizing both styles. In order to be able to take different services into account, she suggests "creating two different categories, 'with artificial oxygen' on the one hand and 'without artificial oxygen' on the other."

climber

Mountaineers who have climbed all eight-thousanders

So far 39 climbers have climbed all eight-thousanders. Explanation of the table columns:

• No. indicates the order in which the eight-thousander ascent was completed.

• No. without O ₂ : Separate ranking for mountaineers who have made all ascents without additional oxygen

• Ascent series : Date of the first and last ascent and the period between these dates, measured in years (a), months (M) and days (d). If individual mountains have been climbed several times, the first ascent is decisive.

• Under Age is the age of the climber on the day of the last summit success (in years, but the column is sorted to the day).

• In the next columns the circumstances of the ascent are given: How often was additional oxygen used ( O ₂ ), how often first ascents ( new route ) and how often ascents were carried out in winter .

• Wh. (Repetition) sums up the repetitions of ascents of one or more of the eight-thousanders.

• Chronology contains fold-out fields with information on the individual ascents. Ascents with additional oxygen are marked with ( O ₂ ) , first ascents of new routes with ( R ) , ascents in the calendar winter with ( W ) and ascents in the meteorological winter (1st to 20th December) with (w) . Repetitions are indicated with ( × 2 ) , ( × 3 ) , and so on. Special achievements such as not using bottled oxygen, first ascents, winter ascents and repetitions are only taken into account until the ascent series has been completed.

No. total	No without O 2	Surname	m / f	nationality	Ascent series			Age	O 2	new routes (R)	in winter (w / w)	Wh. (× 2)	chronology
					first	last	Period
01	01	Reinhold Messner		Italy	06/27/1970	10/16/1986	16 a 03 M 19 d	42		7th		4th	(06/27/1970)   Nanga Parbat ( R ) ( × 2 ) (April 25, 1972)   Manaslu ( R ) (8/10/1975)   Hidden Peak ( R ) ( × 2 ) (05/08/1978)   Mount Everest ( R on 08/20/1980) ( × 2 ) (07/12/1979)   K2 (May 28, 1981)   Shishapangma (May 6th, 1982)   Kangchenjunga ( R ) (07/24/1982)   Gasherbrum II ( × 2 ) (08/02/1982)   Broad Peak (05/05/1983)   Cho Oyu ( R ) (04/24/1985)   Annapurna ( R ) (May 15, 1985)   Dhaulagiri (26.09.1986)   Makalu (16.10.1986)   Lhotse
02		Jerzy Kukuczka		Poland	04.10.1979	09/18/1987	07 a 11 M 14 d	39	1	9	4th	1	(04/10/1979)   Lhotse (May 19, 1980)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) ( R ) (15.10.1981)   Makalu ( R ) (07/30/1982)   Broad Peak ( R on 07/14/1984) ( × 2 ) (07/01/1983)   Gasherbrum II ( R ) (23.07.1983)   Hidden Peak ( R ) (January 21, 1985)   Dhaulagiri ( W ) (15.02.1985)   Cho Oyu ( W ) (13.07.1985)   Nanga Parbat ( R ) (11.01.1986)   Kangchenjunga ( W ) (07/08/1986)   K2 ( R ) (10/11/1986)   Manaslu ( R ) (02/03/1987)   Annapurna ( W ) (18.09.1987)   Shishapangma ( R )
03	02	Erhard Loretan		Switzerland	06/10/1982	05/10/1995	13 a 03 M 25 d	36		2	1		(06/10/1982)   Nanga Parbat (16.06.1983)   Gasherbrum II (23.06.1983)   Hidden Peak (06/30/1983)   Broad Peak (04/30/1984)   Manaslu (24.10.1984)   Annapurna ( R ) (07/06/1985)   K2 (08.12.1985)   Dhaulagiri (f) (08/30/1986)   Mount Everest (21.09.1990)   Cho Oyu ( R ) (October 2nd, 1991)   Makalu (October 1, 1994)   Lhotse (04/29/1995)   Shishapangma (05.10.1995)   Kangchenjunga
04th		Carlos Carsolio		Mexico	07/13/1985	05/12/1996	10 a 09 M 29 d	33	1	3			(13.07.1985)   Nanga Parbat ( R ) (07/18/1987)   Shishapangma (12.10.1988)   Makalu ( O 2 ) (13.10.1989)   Mount Everest (May 12, 1992)   Kangchenjunga (13.06.1993)   K2 (04/26/1994)   Cho Oyu (May 13, 1994)   Lhotse (07/09/1994)   Broad Peak ( R ) (April 29, 1995)   Annapurna (May 15, 1995)   Dhaulagiri (04/07/1995)   Gasherbrum II ( R ) (07/15/1995)   Hidden Peak (May 12, 1996)   Manaslu
05		Krzysztof Wielicki		Poland	02/17/1980	09/01/1996	16 a 06 M 15 d	46	1	3	3	1	(17.02.1980)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) ( W ) (07/14/1984)   Broad Peak (10/20/1984)   Manaslu ( R ) ( × 2 ) (11.01.1986)   Kangchenjunga ( W ) (09/24/1986)   Makalu (31.12.1988)   Lhotse ( W ) (April 24, 1990)   Dhaulagiri (October 21, 1991)   Annapurna (18.09.1993)   Cho Oyu ( R ) (07.10.1993)   Shishapangma ( R ) (04/07/1995)   Gasherbrum II (07/15/1995)   Hidden Peak (08/10/1996)   K2 (01.09.1996)   Nanga Parbat
06th	03 (1)	Juanito Oiarzabal		Spain	05/15/1985	04/29/1999	13 a 11 M 14 d	43					(May 15, 1985)   Cho Oyu (08/16/1987)   Gasherbrum II (July 12, 1992)   Nanga Parbat (07.10.1993)   Mount Everest (24.06.1994)   K2 (May 8, 1995)   Makalu (October 2nd, 1995)   Lhotse (07/12/1995)   Broad Peak (06/05/1996)   Kangchenjunga (07/09/1997)   Hidden Peak (October 8, 1997)   Manaslu (04/22/1998)   Dhaulagiri (10/10/1998)   Shishapangma (29/04/1999)   Annapurna
07th		Sergio Martini		Italy	08/04/1983	05/19/2000	15 a 09 M 22 d	50	2				(08/04/1983)   K2 (01.10.1985)   Makalu (08/15/1986)   Nanga Parbat (09/21/1986)   Annapurna (08/08/1987)   Gasherbrum II (09/05/1988)   Shishapangma (09/17/1988)   Cho Oyu (May 11, 1989)   Dhaulagiri (07/29/1993)   Broad Peak (8/3/1994)   Hidden Peak (14.10.1995)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (27.09.1996)   Manaslu (05/26/1999)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (May 19, 2000)   Lhotse
08th		Park Young-seok		South Korea	05/16/1993	07/22/2001	08 a 02 M 06 d	37	5		1	1	(May 16, 1993)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (??. ??. 1994)   Cho Oyu ( × 2 ) (May 3, 1996)   Annapurna (04/27/1997)   Dhaulagiri (07/09/1997)   Hidden Peak (07/17/1997)   Gasherbrum II (July 21, 1998)   Nanga Parbat (06.12.1998)   Manaslu (f) (May 12, 1999)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (15.05.2000)   Makalu ( O 2 ) (07/30/2000)   Broad Peak (02.10.2000)   Shishapangma (29/04/2001)   Lhotse ( O 2 ) (07/22/2001)   K2 ( O 2 )
09		To Hong-gil		South Korea	09/26/1988	09/21/2001	12 a 11 M 26 d	41	3				(26.09.1988)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (09/10/1993)   Cho Oyu (May 8, 1995)   Makalu (07/12/1995)   Broad Peak (October 2nd, 1995)   Lhotse (May 1, 1996)   Dhaulagiri (27.09.1996)   Manaslu (07/09/1997)   Hidden Peak (July 16, 1997)   Gasherbrum II (29/04/1999)   Annapurna (07/12/1999)   Nanga Parbat (19.05.2000)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (31.07.2000)   K2 ( O 2 ) (21.09.2001)   Shishapangma
10	04th	Alberto Iñurrategi		Spain	09/30/1991	05/16/2002	10 a 07 M 16 d	33					(09/30/1991)   Makalu (25.09.1992)   Mount Everest (24.06.1994)   K2 (9/11/1995)   Cho Oyu (09/27/1995)   Lhotse (May 6th, 1996)   Kangchenjunga (10/11/1996)   Shishapangma (07/13/1997)   Broad Peak (May 23, 1998)   Dhaulagiri (29.07.1999)   Nanga Parbat (April 25, 2000)   Manaslu (28.07.2000)   Gasherbrum II (07/08/2001)   Hidden Peak (05/16/2002)   Annapurna
11		Han Wang-yong		South Korea	09/28/1994	07/15/2003	08 a 09 M 17 d	36	3				(9/28/1994)   Cho Oyu (14.10.1995)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (04/27/1997)   Dhaulagiri (07/13/1997)   Hidden Peak (10/18/1997)   Lhotse (May 3, 1998)   Annapurna (July 21, 1998)   Nanga Parbat (05/12/2000)   Manaslu ( O 2 ) (07/31/2000)   K2 (05/14/2001)   Makalu (21.09.2001)   Shishapangma (05/13/2002)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (06/26/2003)   Gasherbrum II (07/15/2003)   Broad Peak
12	05	Ed Viesturs		United States	05/18/1989	05/12/2005	15 a 11 M 24 d	45				6th	(May 18, 1989)   Kangchenjunga (May 8, 1990)   Mount Everest ( × 6 ) (08/16/1992)   K2 (May 16, 1994)   Lhotse (10/6/1994)   Cho Oyu ( × 2 ) (May 18, 1995)   Makalu (04/07/1995)   Gasherbrum II (07/15/1995)   Hidden Peak (April 22, 1999)   Manaslu (05/04/1999)   Dhaulagiri (04/30/2001)   Shishapangma (23/06/2003)   Nanga Parbat (07/15/2003)   Broad Peak (05/12/2005)   Annapurna
13	06th	Silvio Mondinelli		Italy	10/13/1993	07/12/2007	13 a 08 M 29 d	49					(October 13, 1993)   Manaslu (10/15/1997)   Cho Oyu (05/23/2001)   Mount Everest (07/22/2001)   Gasherbrum II (08/03/2001)   Hidden Peak (10/12/2001)   Dhaulagiri (05/16/2002)   Makalu (05/20/2003)   Kangchenjunga (07/26/2004)   K2 (07/20/2005)   Nanga Parbat (05/09/2006)   Shishapangma (19/06/2006)   Lhotse (10/12/2006)   Annapurna (07/12/2007)   Broad Peak
14th	07th	Iván Vallejo		Ecuador	09/19/1997	05/01/2008	10 a 07 M 12 d	48				1	(19.09.1997)   Manaslu (07/05/1998)   Broad Peak (05/27/1999)   Mount Everest ( × 2 ) (07/31/2000)   K2 (10/04/2002)   Cho Oyu (05/26/2003)   Lhotse (07/19/2003)   Gasherbrum II (07/26/2003)   Hidden Peak (05/16/2004)   Makalu (10/10/2004)   Shishapangma (07/20/2005)   Nanga Parbat (May 22, 2006)   Kangchenjunga (05/24/2007)   Annapurna (05/01/2008)   Dhaulagiri
15th	08th	Denis Urubko		Kazakhstan	05/24/2000	05/11/2009	08 a 11 M 17 d	35		3	1	3	(May 24th, 2000)   Mount Everest (05/23/2001)   Lhotse (08/13/2001)   Hidden Peak (08/18/2001)   Gasherbrum II (05/13/2002)   Kangchenjunga (25/10/2002)   Shishapangma (17/06/2003)   Nanga Parbat (7/18/2003)   Broad Peak ( R on 7/25/2005) ( × 2 ) (05/30/2004)   Annapurna (04/25/2006)   Manaslu ( R am 05/08/2006) ( × 2 ) (05/02/2007)   Dhaulagiri (02/10/2007)   K2 (05/12/2008)   Makalu ( W on 02/09/2009) ( × 2 ) (05/11/2009)   Cho Oyu ( R )
16		Ralf Dujmovits		Germany	05/11/1990	05/20/2009	19 a 00 M 09 d	47	1			3	(May 11, 1990)   Dhaulagiri (04.10.1992)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (23.07.1994)   K2 (05/09/1995)   Cho Oyu ( × 2 ) (05/24/1997)   Shishapangma ( × 2 ) (07/16/1999)   Broad Peak ( × 2 ) (22.07.2000)   Gasherbrum II (06/30/2001)   Nanga Parbat (05/28/2004)   Annapurna (07/25/2004)   Hidden Peak (05/14/2006)   Kangchenjunga (May 19, 2007)   Manaslu (05/11/2008)   Makalu (05/20/2009)   Lhotse
17th	09 (2)	Veikka Gustafsson		Finland	05/10/1993	07/26/2009	16 a 02 M 16 d	41				3	(05/10/1993)   Mount Everest ( × 3 ) (10/09/1993)   Dhaulagiri ( × 2 ) (23.07.1994)   K2 (05/06/1995)   Lhotse (May 18, 1995)   Makalu (April 22, 1999)   Manaslu (04/30/2001)   Shishapangma (06/30/2001)   Nanga Parbat (04/22/2005)   Cho Oyu (05/12/2005)   Annapurna (05/14/2006)   Kangchenjunga (08.07.2008)   Gasherbrum II (07/31/2008)   Broad Peak (07/26/2009)   Hidden Peak
18th		Andrew Lock		Australia	07/30/1993	October 02, 2009	16 a 02 M 02 d	47	1			2	(07/30/1993)   K2 (May 25, 1997)   Dhaulagiri (08/07/1997)   Broad Peak (July 21, 1998)   Nanga Parbat (09.07.1999)   Gasherbrum II (07/17/1999)   Hidden Peak (05/24/2000)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) ( × 2 ) (04/21/2002)   Manaslu (05/16/2002)   Lhotse (9/25/2004)   Cho Oyu ( × 2 ) (05/14/2006)   Kangchenjunga (05/24/2007)   Annapurna (05/21/2008)   Makalu (02/10/2009)   Shishapangma
19th	10	João Garcia		Portugal	09/24/1993	04/17/2010	16 a 06 M 25 d	42					(9/24/1993)   Cho Oyu (24.09.1994)   Dhaulagiri (May 18, 1999)   Mount Everest (04/07/2001)   Gasherbrum II (07/26/2004)   Hidden Peak (05/21/2005)   Lhotse (May 22, 2006)   Kangchenjunga (10/31/2006)   Shishapangma (07/20/2007)   K2 (05/19/2008)   Makalu (07/17/2008)   Broad Peak (April 28, 2009)   Manaslu (July 10, 2009)   Nanga Parbat (April 17, 2010)   Annapurna
20 (3)		Piotr Pustelnik		Poland	07/19/1990	04/27/2010	19 a 09 M 08 d	58	7th			1	(19/07/1990)   Gasherbrum II ( × 2 ) (July 12, 1992)   Nanga Parbat (9/24/1993)   Cho Oyu (10/6/1993)   Shishapangma (09/26/1994)   Dhaulagiri (05/12/1995)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (08/14/1996)   K2 ( O 2 ) (07/15/1997)   Hidden Peak (15.05.2000)   Lhotse ( O 2 ) (May 15, 2001)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (05/16/2002)   Makalu ( O 2 ) (05/17/2003)   Manaslu ( O 2 ) (07/08/2006)   Broad Peak (27/04/2010)   Annapurna ( O 2 )
21st		Oh Eun-sun (controversial) (4)		South Korea	07/17/1997	04/27/2010	12 a 09 M 10 d	44	2				(07/17/1997)   Gasherbrum II (05/20/2004)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (10/3/2006)   Shishapangma (05/08/2007)   Cho Oyu (07/20/2007)   K2 ( O 2 ) (05/13/2008)   Makalu (05/26/2008)   Lhotse (07/31/2008)   Broad Peak (October 12, 2008)   Manaslu (May 6, 2009)   Kangchenjunga (May 21, 2009)   Dhaulagiri (July 10, 2009)   Nanga Parbat (08/03/2009)   Hidden Peak (04/27/2010)   Annapurna
22nd		Edurne Pasaban		Spain	05/23/2001	05/17/2010	08 a 11 M 24 d	36	2				(05/23/2001)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (05/16/2002)   Makalu (05/10/2002)   Cho Oyu (05/26/2003)   Lhotse (07/19/2003)   Gasherbrum II (07/26/2003)   Hidden Peak (07/26/2004)   K2 (07/20/2005)   Nanga Parbat (07/12/2007)   Broad Peak (05/01/2008)   Dhaulagiri (05/10/2008)   Manaslu (May 18, 2009)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (April 17, 2010)   Annapurna (05/17/2010)   Shishapangma
23	11	Abele Blanc		Italy	09/30/1992	04/26/2011	18 a 06 M 26 d	56	1 (5)			1	(09/30/1992)   Mount Everest ( × 2 ) (07/29/1993)   Broad Peak (14.10.1995)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (October 13, 1996)   Manaslu (May 27, 1997)   Lhotse (May 14, 1998)   Shishapangma (May 21, 1998)   Cho Oyu (07/03/1999)   Hidden Peak (07/10/1999)   Gasherbrum II (May 15, 2000)   Makalu (29.07.2000)   K2 (06/30/2001)   Nanga Parbat (10/12/2001)   Dhaulagiri (April 26, 2011)   Annapurna
24		Mingma Sherpa		Nepal	05/12/2000	05/20/2011	11 a 00 M 08 d	32	5			2	(May 12, 2000)   Manaslu (??. ??. 2000)   Cho Oyu ( × 3 ) (05/14/2001)   Makalu (09/22/2001)   Shishapangma (05/16/2002)   Lhotse ( O 2 ) (??. ??. 2003)   Gasherbrum II (??. ??. 2003)   Broad Peak (05/16/2004)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (07/27/2004)   K2 ( O 2 ) (01.05.2009)   Dhaulagiri ( O 2 ) (April 17, 2010)   Annapurna (July 10, 2010)   Nanga Parbat (08/05/2010)   Hidden Peak (20.05.2011)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 )
25 (6)	12	Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner		Austria	05/06/1998	08/23/2011	13 a 03 M 17 d	40					(May 6, 1998)   Cho Oyu (05/14/2001)   Makalu (05/10/2002)   Manaslu (May 20, 2003)   Nanga Parbat (05/28/2004)   Annapurna (07/25/2004)   Hidden Peak (05/07/2005)   Shishapangma (07/21/2005)   Gasherbrum II (05/14/2006)   Kangchenjunga (07/12/2007)   Broad Peak (05/01/2008)   Dhaulagiri (05/20/2009)   Lhotse (05/24/2010)   Mount Everest (23.08.2011)   K2
26 (7)		Vasily Piwzow		Kazakhstan	08/13/2001	08/23/2011	10 a 00 M 10 d	36	1				(08/13/2001)   Hidden Peak (??. ??. 2001)   Gasherbrum II (05/13/2002)   Kangchenjunga (25/10/2002)   Shishapangma (17/06/2003)   Nanga Parbat (07/18/2003)   Broad Peak (??. 05.2004)   Makalu (??. 05.2005)   Cho Oyu (05/02/2006)   Dhaulagiri (05/19/2006)   Annapurna (04/30/2007)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (03/10/2008)   Manaslu (May 16, 2010)   Lhotse (23.08.2011)   K2
	13	Maksut Shumayev		Kazakhstan	08/13/2001	08/23/2011	10 a 00 M 10 d	34					(08/13/2001)   Hidden Peak (??. ??. 2001)   Gasherbrum II (05/13/2002)   Kangchenjunga (25/10/2002)   Shishapangma (17/06/2003)   Nanga Parbat (07/18/2003)   Broad Peak (??. 05.2004)   Makalu (??. 05.2005)   Cho Oyu (05/02/2006)   Dhaulagiri (05/19/2006)   Annapurna (04/30/2007)   Mount Everest (05/14/2008)   Manaslu (May 16, 2010)   Lhotse (23.08.2011)   K2
28 (8)		Kim Jae-soo		South Korea	10/06/1990	09/23/2011	20 a 11 M 17 d	50	5			3	(06.10.1990)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) ( × 2 ) (10/08/1991)   Shishapangma ( × 2 ) (05/16/2002)   Lhotse ( O 2 ) ( × 2 ) (??. ??. 2007)   Broad Peak (08/01/2008)   K2 ( O 2 ) (10/13/2008)   Manaslu (05/01/2009)   Makalu ( O 2 ) (May 18, 2009)   Kangchenjunga ( O 2 ) (06/09/2009)   Dhaulagiri (July 10, 2009)   Nanga Parbat (??. ??. 2010)   Gasherbrum II (08/05/2010)   Hidden Peak (April 26, 2011)   Annapurna (23.09.2011) Cho Oyu
29	14th	Mario Panzeri		Italy	09/27/1988	05/18/2012	23 a 07 M 21 d	48					(09/27/1988) Cho Oyu (09/28/1992) Mount Everest (29.07.1996) K2 (May 28, 1997) Lhotse (05/12/2005) Annapurna (05/24/2006) Makalu (??. ??. 2006) Gasherbrum II (June 21, 2008) Nanga Parbat (??. ??. 2008) Broad Peak (May 19, 2009) Manaslu (05/17/2010) Shishapangma (May 20, 2011) Kangchenjunga (07/13/2011) Hidden Peak (May 18, 2012) Dhaulagiri
30th		Hirotaka Takeuchi		Japan	05/22/1995	05/26/2012	17 a 00 M 04 d	41	3				(05/22/1995) Makalu ( O 2 ) (05/17/1996) Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (08/14/1996) K2 ( O 2 ) (06/30/2001) Nanga Parbat (05/28/2004) Annapurna (07/25/2004) Hidden Peak (05/07/2005) Shishapangma (05/14/2006) Kangchenjunga (May 19, 2007) Manaslu (08.07.2008) Gasherbrum II (07/31/2008) Broad Peak (05/20/2009) Lhotse (09/30/2011) Cho Oyu (May 26, 2012) Dhaulagiri
31		Chhang Dawa		Nepal	00.00.2000	04/30/2013	?	30th	?				nn
32	15th	Kim Chang-ho		South Korea	06/14/2005	05/20/2013	07 a 11 M 06 d						nn
33		Radek Jaroš		Czech Republic	05/19/1998	07/26/2014	16 a 02 M 07 d	50					(May 19, 1998)   Mount Everest (05/14/2002)   Kangchenjunga (07/18/2003)   Broad Peak (04/10/2004)   Cho Oyu (10/09/2004)   Shishapangma (6/28/2005)   Nanga Parbat (05/01/2008)   Dhaulagiri (05/21/2008)   Makalu (04/29/2008)   Manaslu (07/17/2010)   Gasherbrum II (07/28/2010)   Hidden Peak (May 19, 2011)   Lhotse (May 6, 2012)   Annapurna (07/26/2014)   K2
34	16	Nives Meroi		Italy	00.00.1998	05/11/2017	19 a	55					(00.00.1998)   Nanga Parbat (00.00.1999)   Shishapangma (00.00.1999)   Cho Oyu (00.00.2003)   Hidden Peak (00.00.2003)   Gasherbrum II (00.00.2003)   Broad Peak (00.00.2004)   Lhotse (00.00.2006)   Dhaulagiri (00.00.2006)   K2 (00.00.2007)   Mount Everest (00.00.2008)   Manaslu (May 17, 2014)   Kangchenjunga (05/12/2016)   Makalu (May 11, 2017)   Annapurna
	17th	Romano Benet		Italy	00.00.1998	05/11/2017	19 a	55					(00.00.1998)   Nanga Parbat (00.00.1999)   Shishapangma (00.00.1999)   Cho Oyu (00.00.2003)   Hidden Peak (00.00.2003)   Gasherbrum II (00.00.2003)   Broad Peak (00.00.2004)   Lhotse (00.00.2006)   Dhaulagiri (00.00.2006)   K2 (00.00.2007)   Mount Everest (00.00.2008)   Manaslu (May 19, 2014)   Kangchenjunga (05/12/2016)   Makalu (May 11, 2017)   Annapurna
36		Peter Hámor		Slovakia	05/19/1998	05/15/2017	18 a 11 M 27 d	53	?	1		1	(May 19, 1998)   Mount Everest ( O 2 ) (04/24/2006)   Cho Oyu (05/21/2006)   Annapurna ( R ) ( × 2 ) (07/08/2006)   Broad Peak (07/15/2007)   Nanga Parbat (06/25/2008)   Hidden Peak (07/06/2008)   Gasherbrum II (05/21/2011)   Makalu (May 17, 2012)   Kangchenjunga (08/01/2012)   K2 (May 21, 2013)   Lhotse (04/30/2014)   Shishapangma (May 10, 2016)   Manaslu (May 15, 2017)   Dhaulagiri
37		Ferran Latorre		Spain	04/19/1999	May 27, 2017	18 a 01 M 08 d	46	1				(29/04/1999)   Annapurna (10/04/2005)   Shishapangma (07/12/2007)   Broad Peak (05/01/2008)   Dhaulagiri (05/10/2008)   Manaslu (May 18, 2009)   Kangchenjunga (31.07.2012)   Gasherbrum II (May 22, 2013)   Lhotse (26.09.2013)   Cho Oyu (07/26/2014)   K2 (07/24/2015)   Hidden Peak (05/23/2016)   Makalu (July 25, 2016)   Nanga Parbat (27.05.2017)   Mount Everest ( O 2 )
38	18th	Òscar Cadiach		Spain	08/07/1985	07/27/2017	31 a 11 M 20 d	64				2	(08/07/1984)   Nanga Parbat (08/28/1985)   Mount Everest (04/10/1993)   Shishapangma (29.09.1996)   Cho Oyu (May 19, 1998)   Makalu (07/07/1999)   Gasherbrum II (05/23/2001)   Lhotse (04/10/2011)   Manaslu (May 6, 2012)   Annapurna (May 25, 2012)   Dhaulagiri (07/31/2012)   K2 (May 20, 2013)   Kangchenjunga (07/29/2013)   Hidden Peak (07/27/2017)   Broad Peak
39		Nirmal Purja		Nepal	04/23/2019	October 29, 2019	00 a 06 M 06 d	36	Yes			2	(April 23, 2019)   Annapurna (05/12/2019)   Dhaulagiri (15.05.2019)   Kanchenjunga (05/22/2019)   Mount Everest (May 22, 2019)   Lhotse (05/24/2019)   Makalu (July 3rd, 2019)   Nanga Parbat (15.07.2019)   Hidden Peak (= Gasherbrum I) (18.07.2019)   Gasherbrum II (07/24/2019)   K2 (07/26/2019)   Broad Peak (23.09.2019)   Cho Oyu (27.09.2019)   Manaslu (29.10.2019)   Shishapangma

Remarks

⁽¹⁾ Oiarzabal first climbed Mount Everest in 1993 with the help of additional oxygen, but on May 23, 2001 he repeated the ascent without.

⁽²⁾ Gustafsson first climbed Mount Everest in 1993 with the help of additional oxygen, but on May 23, 1997 he repeated the ascent without.

⁽³⁾ Pustelnik and Oh completed their eight-thousander list on the same day on the same mountain, but Pustelnik was on the summit before Oh.

⁽⁴⁾Oh's ascent of the Kangchenjunga on May 6, 2009 is currently listed as "controversial" in the statistics, cf. Women's title hunt section .

⁽⁵⁾ Blanc first climbed Mount Everest in 1992 with the help of additional oxygen, but on May 24, 2010 he repeated the ascent without.

⁽⁶⁾ Kaltenbrunner was together with Piwzow and Schumajew on K2, but reached the summit before the two Kazakhs.

⁽⁷⁾ Piwzow and Shumayev reached their last eight-thousander summit together.

^(8th) Kim Jae-soo claims to have climbed Cho Oyu in 1993, but this ascent, unlike his ascent in 2011, was not recognized.

statistics

Piotr Pustelnik held the age record until 2016: at the age of 58, he climbed his last eight-thousander. (Photo from 2005) (Oscar Cadiach completed the series at 64 in 2017)

By July 2008 there had been a total of 10,229 successful ascents of the 14 eight-thousanders of the Himalayas and Karakoram. The first documented deaths in an attempt to climb 8000 meters were the disappearance of Albert Mummery and his two porters on Nanga Parbat in 1895. By July 2008, a total of 711 people died in attempts and ascent, 151 of them after a successful ascent.

Among the few who have climbed all eight-thousanders, the South Korean Kim Chang Ho was the fastest. It took him less than eight years for the entire series of ascent. In 2019, Nirmal Purja achieved a - often - shorter time with just under 7 months.

Jerzy Kukuczka made the most first ascents and most winter ascents during his ascents.

Oscar Cadiach took the longest at almost 32 years of age, the second longest for the Italian Mario Panzeri at over 23 years of age. Oscar Cadiach was also the oldest at 64, Piotr Pustelnik was 58, the second oldest of the 14 eight-thousander graduates. The youngest was Chhang Dawa , aged 30 years and nine months.

In a “nation ranking” Italy is with seven climbers on all eight-thousanders ahead of South Korea with six. This is followed by Spain with 5 climbers. Three each came from Poland and Kazakhstan .

The American Ed Viesturs had repeated most of the summits by the time the series of ascent was completed: he completed six additional eight-thousanders before completing the series. If you also take into account ascents after completing the 14th series, the Spaniard Juanito Oiarzabal has the most repetitions of the mountaineers listed here : He has already climbed a eight-thousander 26 times. Oiarzabal has set itself the goal of climbing all eight-thousanders twice. Only the Nepalese Phurba Tashi has completed the same number of eight-thousander climbs - but he has only climbed four different eight-thousander. (As of May 2011)

Nives Meroi and Romano Benet are the only couple who have stood on all 14 8000ers together - moreover, without the help of Sherpas or bottled oxygen. They were each 55 years old and married for 28 years at the time of completion. Nives met Romano at the age of 19 and they initially became rope partners.

Mountaineers who have climbed 13 eight-thousanders

Some mountaineers have so far climbed 13 of the 14 eight-thousanders. Several of them claim to have already climbed the missing summit. However, this is not recognized for various reasons.

Surname	m / f	nationality	last	missing summit	comment
Fausto de Stefani		Italy	05/15/1998	Lhotse	Ascent is not recognized.
Christian Kuntner		Italy	05/15/2004	Annapurna	died on May 18, 2005 while attempting to climb Annapurna.
Alan Hinkes		Great Britain	05/30/2005	Cho Oyu	Ascent is not recognized.
Norbert Joos		Switzerland	05/14/2006	Mount Everest	Declared his eight-thousander mountaineering career over in 2008. He died in 2016.
Cering Doje		People's Republic of China	07/12/2007	Broad Peak	Ascent is not recognized.
Luoze		People's Republic of China	07/12/2007	Broad Peak	Ascent is not recognized.
Bianba Zaxi		People's Republic of China	07/12/2007	Broad Peak	Ascent is not recognized.
Azim Gheychisaz		Iran		Manaslu	Ascent is not recognized.

Mountaineers who have climbed 12 eight-thousanders

Surname	m / f	nationality	last	missing peaks	comment
Benoît Chamoux		France		3 controversial ascents, Kangchenjunga	He died in 1995 when he wanted to climb the last eight-thousander, the Kangchenjunga, according to his own count.
Vladislav Tersyul		Ukraine		Broad Peak, Shishapangma	Ascent is not recognized. Tersyul died in 2004 while descending from Makalu.
Carlos Soria Fontan		Spain		Dhaulagiri, Shishapangma

See also

• Seven Summits
• Seven Second Summits
• Adventure Grand Slam

literature

General

• American Alpine Club (Ed.): The American Alpine Journal . ISSN  0065-6925 ( americanalpineclub.org American Alpine Club - Multiple Years).
• Bernadette McDonald: See you in Kathmandu: Elizabeth Hawley - the chronicler of Himalayan mountaineering . With a foreword by Sir Edmund Hillary . Bergverlag Rother , Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7633-7048-X , chapter The race , p. 159 ff . (American English: I'll Call You in Kathmandu: The Elizabeth Hawley Story . Translated by Monika Einstrieber, Anja Rauchatz).
• Peter Grupp: Fascination Mountain: The History of Alpinism . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20086-2 , sport, performance, competition, regulation, chapter Two centuries of alpinism and mountaineering , p. 93 ff .

Mountaineering autobiographies

• Erhard Loretan , Jean Ammann: Falling for the mountains . Paulusverlag, Freiburg im Üechtland 1996, ISBN 978-3-7228-0396-8 , chapter The third man , p. 189 ff . (French: Erhard Loretan. Les 8000 rugissants . Translated by Christine Kopp).
• Reinhold Messner : Survived - All 14 eight-thousanders . with chronicle. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-405-15788-3 .
• Ed Viesturs , David Roberts : No Shortcuts to the Top: Climbing the World's 14 Highest Peaks . Broadway, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7679-2471-9 .

Article (selection)

• Oswald Oelz : Raised too high too quickly . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 27, 2009 ( article online at NZZ Online [accessed August 8, 2010]).
• Walter Aeschimann: A question of style . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . January 2, 2010 ( nzz.ch [accessed on August 10, 2010]).
• Michael Wulzinger: Race in the death zone . In: Der Spiegel . No. 2 , 2010, p. 133 ( online ).
• Michael Wulzinger: Showdown in the Himalayas . In: Der Spiegel . No. 16 , 2010, p. 144 ( online ).
• Andi Dick: climbed or conquered? The 14 eight-thousander women . In: Deutscher Alpenverein (Ed.): Panorama. Magazine of the German Alpine Club . No. 4/2010 , August 2010 ( Panorama number 4/2010 [accessed on September 12, 2012]).

Web links

• 8000ers.com - Extensive website of the German chronicler Eberhard Jurgalski with information and statistics on the ascents of the eight-thousanders (English)
• ExplorersWeb - Website with news about eight-thousander ascents

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Fausto de Stefani back for Lhotse - changes ahead on the 14 × 8,000ers summiteers' list? In: explorersweb.com. May 1, 2007, accessed August 7, 2010 . 
2. ↑ 14 × 8000: Ed Viesturs joins the world's most exclusive climbing club. In: mounteverest.net. May 18, 2005, archived from the original on September 11, 2010 ; accessed on September 16, 2010 (English). 
3. ^ ^{A b c} Ed Viesturs , David Roberts : No Shortcuts to the Top: Climbing the World's 14 Highest Peaks . S. 7 f .
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Oswald Oelz : Raised too high too quickly . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 27, 2009 ( article online at NZZ Online [accessed August 8, 2010]).
5. ↑ Reinhold Messner: Survived - All 14 eight-thousanders . with chronicle. BLV, Munich 2002.
6. ↑ Jerzy Kukuczka. In: Official Funding Portal of the Republic of Poland. Retrieved September 18, 2010 . 
7. ↑ ^{a b c d} Bernadette McDonald: See you in Kathmandu: Elizabeth Hawley - the chronicler of Himalayan mountaineering . With a foreword by Sir Edmund Hillary . Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7633-7048-X , chapter The race , p. 159 ff . (American English: I'll Call You in Kathmandu: The Elizabeth Hawley Story . Translated by Monika Einstrieber, Anja Rauchatz).
8. ↑ Reinhold Messner: Survived - All 14 eight-thousanders . with chronicle. BLV, Munich 2002, p. 220 .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d} Walter Aeschimann: A question of style . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . January 2, 2010 ( article online at NZZ Online [accessed on August 10, 2010]).
10. ↑ Gertrude Reinisch: Wanda Rutkiewicz: Caravan of dreams . Bergverlag Rother, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7633-7043-9 , p. 181-182 .
11. ↑ Newsflash: Broad Peak SUMMITS - Mondinelli bags his 14th! In: explorersweb.com. July 12, 2007, accessed August 6, 2010 . 
12. ↑ Kaltenbrunner and Dujmovits successful on Broad Peak! In: alpin.de. July 12, 2007, accessed August 6, 2010 . 
13. ↑ ^{a b c} Michael Wulzinger: Race in the death zone . In: Der Spiegel . No. 2 , 2010, p. 133 ( online ).
14. ↑ ^{a b} Himalaya and Everest 2009 spring flashback. In: explorersweb.com. Retrieved August 6, 2010 . 
15. ↑ Oh Eun-Sun summits Gasherbrum I, her 13th 8000er. In: planetmountain.com. August 4, 2009, accessed October 6, 2010 . 
16. ↑ ExWeb special: Himalaya fall season kick-off with a huge spring flashback. In: explorersweb.com. August 24, 2009, accessed October 6, 2010 . 
17. ↑ Birgit Lutz-Temsch: Questionable world record. In: sueddeutsche.de . April 27, 2010, accessed September 22, 2010 . 
18. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Nestler: The race for the 8000 crown. In: DW-World.de . April 19, 2010, accessed October 6, 2010 . 
19. ↑ Decision about the 8,000 crown postponed. In: alpin.de. October 22, 2009, accessed October 6, 2010 . 
20. ↑ ^{a b c d} Doubts about the Korean woman's summit record. In: Welt Online . April 27, 2010, accessed August 6, 2010 . 
21. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley : Ascents - Spring 2009 (continued). In: The Himalayan Database . Accessed 22 August 2010 ( 'In the online edition of the database, the ascent is a stapled english d for disputed [ Engl. , Disputed', 'challenged'] marks.). 
22. ^ Truth or Lie: Woman Climber's Claim in Question. In: Online edition of the Korea Times . December 3, 2009, accessed August 6, 2010 . 
23. ↑ At the peak of her career. In: Online edition of the ORF . August 23, 2011, accessed August 24, 2011 . 
24. ↑ Joanna Jolly, Stephen Mulvey: New doubts over Korean Oh Eun-Sun's climbing record. In: BBC . August 27, 2010, accessed September 5, 2010 . 
25. ↑ ^{a b} Michèle Binswanger : «I do not understand the oxygen polemics». In: Online edition of the Tages-Anzeiger . April 29, 2010, accessed September 25, 2010 (interview with Evelyne Binsack ). 
26. ↑ Bernadette McDonald: See you in Kathmandu: Elizabeth Hawley - the chronicler of Himalayan mountaineering . With a foreword by Sir Edmund Hillary . Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7633-7048-X , p. 208 f . (American English: I'll Call You in Kathmandu: The Elizabeth Hawley Story . Translated by Monika Einstrieber, Anja Rauchatz).
27. ↑ Folkert Lenz: "Miss Hawley, simply Miss Hawley, please ..." In: Deutscher Alpenverein (Ed.): Panorama. Magazine of the German Alpine Club . No. 1/2010 , February 2010 ( online [PDF]).
28. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Grupp: Fascination Mountain: The History of Alpinism . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20086-2 , sport, performance, competition, regulation, p. 131 ff .
29. ↑ "Climbing eight-thousanders is not creative" . In: The press . September 15, 2007 ( diepresse.com [accessed September 21, 2010]).
30. ↑ ^{a b c} questions to Reinhold Messner . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1988 ( online ).
31. ↑ ^{a b} Tina Goebel: Kaltenbrunner and Stangl operate tourism. In: online edition of profil . September 6, 2010, accessed September 13, 2010 . 
32. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Grupp: Fascination Mountain: The History of Alpinism . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20086-2 , pp. 138 .
33. ↑ ^{a b} Volker Isfort: The eight-thousanders of this world: The last summit. In: Online edition of the evening newspaper . April 19, 2010, accessed January 9, 2018 . 
34. ↑ ^{a b c} Annika Müller: Duel above the clouds. In: FAZ.NET . April 23, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2010 . 
35. ↑ ^{a b} Annika Müller: Miss eight thousand is found. In: Online edition of the Stuttgarter Zeitung . April 28, 2010, accessed January 6, 2015 . 
36. ↑ Erhard Lorétan , Jean Ammann: The mountains fall for . Saint-Paul, 1996, ISBN 978-3-7228-0396-8 , The Third Man, pp. 189 ff .
37. ^ Zbigniew Kowalewski, Josef Nyka: The Eight-Thousanders. Olympic Medals for Mountaineering? In: The Alpine Journal . 1988, p. 258 ( online [PDF; 513 kB ; accessed on August 14, 2011] Alpine Club ).
38. ↑ Alicja Sidor, Piotr Zarzycki: Himalaya climbing as a form of physical activity - theoretical dissertation . In: Walery Zukow (Ed.): Pedagogy of health in physical culture . 2010, ISBN 978-83-62750-02-3 , pp. 269 .
39. ↑ Holger Kreitling : Race of the summiteers on the Annapurna. In: Welt Online . April 27, 2010, accessed September 22, 2010 . 
40. ↑ Tobias Reitz: Race of the summiteers. In: Zeit Online . August 27, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2010 . 
41. ↑ Bernd Steinle, Arne Leyenberg: Eight-thousanders hunt in the Himalayas. In: FAZ.NET . May 22, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2010 . 
42. ↑ ^{a b} Michael Wulzinger: Showdown in the Himalayas . In: Der Spiegel . No. 16 , 2010, p. 144 ( online ).
43. ↑ At the peak of female mountaineering. In: Online edition of the Standard . Retrieved September 23, 2010 . 
44. ↑ Birgit Lutz-Temsch: Pasaban climbs the twelfth eight-thousander. In: sueddeutsche.de. May 18, 2009, accessed October 24, 2010 . 
45. ↑ Karin Steinbach Tarnutzer : «I don't care about being the first» . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 20, 2009 ( article online at NZZ Online [accessed on September 22, 2010] interview with Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner ).
46. ↑ ^{a b} "Happiness and death are so close together". In: Online edition of the Tagesspiegel . February 12, 2007, accessed on September 22, 2010 (interview with Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner ). 
47. ↑ Stephan Orth: "Competitive pressure would block me completely". In: Spiegel Online . June 5, 2009, accessed September 22, 2010 . 
48. ↑ ^{a b} Oh Eun-sun over all mountains. In: Online edition of the Standard . April 28, 2010, accessed August 7, 2010 . 
49. ↑ ^{a b} Bernd Steinle: Women's summit storm. In: FAZ.NET . April 27, 2010, accessed September 22, 2010 . 
50. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Grupp: Fascination Mountain: The History of Alpinism . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20086-2 , pp. 109 .
51. ↑ ^{a b c d} Andi Dick: Climbed or conquered? The 14 eight-thousander women . In: Deutscher Alpenverein (Ed.): Panorama. Magazine of the German Alpine Club . No. 4/2010 , August 2010 ( Panorama number 4/2010 [accessed on September 12, 2012]).
52. ↑ ^{a b} Stephan Orth: Rival doubts Oh Eun Sun's world record. In: Spiegel Online . April 27, 2010, accessed August 6, 2010 . 
53. ↑ ^{a b c d} Eberhard Jurgalski: Climbers who have ascended to the summits of all of the world's 14 mountains over 8000 meters. (PDF, 10.6 kB) In: 8000ers.com. May 26, 2012, accessed May 27, 2012 . 
54. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Eberhard Jurgalski: Climbers with 10 to 14 MAIN 8000ers. (PDF; 8.9 kB) In: 8000ers.com. April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2011 . 
55. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa from} Eberhard Jurgalski: Ascents - Nanga Parbat. (PDF; 49 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
56. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br} MOUNTAINEERING IN NEPAL. FACTS & FIGURES. (PDF; 8 MB) Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation of Nepal, June 2010, archived from the original on April 14, 2012 ; Retrieved on May 25, 2011 (English, 5th edition). 
57. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} Eberhard Jurgalski: Ascents - Gasherbrum I. (PDF; 57 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
58. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac} Eberhard Jurgalski: Ascents - Everest. (PDF; 355 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
59. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa} Eberhard Jurgalski: Ascents - K2. (PDF; 48 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
60. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa} Eberhard Jurgalski: Ascents - Shisha Pangma. (PDF; 55 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
61. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa} Eberhard Jurgalski: Ascents - Kangchenjunga. (PDF; 42 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
62. ↑ ^{a b} Gasherbrum II and Broad Peak . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1983, p. 271 ( online [PDF; accessed on August 21, 2015]).
63. ↑ Michael J. Cheyney, Elizabeth Hawley: Cho Oyu . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1984, p. 243 ( online [PDF; accessed on August 21, 2015]).
64. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Thomas Mitterer: Jerzy Kukuczka (1948 - 1989). In: bergfieber.de. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
65. ↑ ^{a b} ExWeb interview with Artur Hajzer, part 2: "He fell and now an invisible line seems to keep me away from the summits". In: explorersweb.com. March 20, 2007, accessed August 8, 2010 . 
66. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Thomas Mitterer: Erhard Loretan. In: bergfieber.de. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
67. ↑ Erhard Loretan : Makalu . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1989, p. 192 ( online [PDF; 6.3 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
68. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: Cho Oyu from the North in the Pre-Monsoon . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1995, p. 304 f . ( online [PDF; 2.1 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
69. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: Lhotse . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1995, p. 233 ( online [PDF; 4.9 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
70. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Broad Peak. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
71. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: Dhaulagiri I, Ascents and Tragedy . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1996, p. 270 ( online [PDF; 3.7 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
72. ↑ ^{a b} Gasherbrum II . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1996, p. 291 ( online [PDF; 3.3 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
73. ↑ ^{a b} Thomas Mitterer: Krzysztof Wielicki (* 1950). In: bergfieber.de. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
74. ↑ winter action ahead: Hajzer, Szymczak and Bowie going for Broad Peak. In: explorersweb.com. November 13, 2008, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
75. ^ Krzysztof Wielicki : Cho Oyu and Shisha Pangma, New Routes . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1994, p. 277 f . ( online [PDF; 1.5 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
76. ↑ ^{a b c} Thomas Mitterer: Juan Eusebio Oiarzabal (Spain). In: bergfieber.de. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
77. ^ ^{A b} Xavier Eguskitza: Gasherbrum II Ascent and Tragedy . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1988, p. 247 ( online [PDF; 4.3 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
78. ↑ Record Mundial Absoluto de Ascensiones a ochomiles. 22 cimas. In: Homepage of Juanito Oiarzabal . Retrieved August 19, 2010 (Spanish). 
79. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: Lhotse Summits! In: 8000ers.com. May 21, 2011, accessed May 23, 2011 . 
80. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: Cho Oyu in the Post-Monsoon Season . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1989, p. 283 ( online [PDF; 3.0 MB ; accessed August 21, 2015] American Alpine Club ).
81. ↑ Lhotse 2000. In: everestnews.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
82. ^ Three Korean Heros of Himalaya. Union of Aisan Alpine Associations, archived from the original on May 12, 2012 ; accessed on November 2, 2011 . 
83. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Thomas Mitterer: Park Young-Seok. In: bergfieber.de. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
84. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: Cho Oyu from the North in the Post-Monsoon . In: The American Alpine Journal . 1994, p. 278 ( online [PDF; 1.5 MB ; Retrieved August 10, 2010] American Alpine Club ).
85. ↑ To the community. Archived from the original on October 25, 2014 ; Retrieved May 25, 2011 (Korean). 
86. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} k2news.com ( Memento from December 9, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
87. ↑ News: 45 years of first ascent of Gasherbrum I. Alpinclub Sachsen e. V., July 5, 2003, accessed August 22, 2010 . 
88. ↑ ^{a b c} Ascent List for Ed Viesturs. In: peakbagger.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
89. ↑ Cho Oyu. In: Homepage of Ed Viesturs . Archived from the original on April 12, 2009 ; accessed on August 19, 2010 (English). 
90. ^ Gasherbrum II. In: Homepage of Ed Viesturs . Archived from the original on May 3, 2009 ; accessed on August 19, 2010 (English). 
91. ↑ ^{a b} Silvio Mondinelli. In: everestnews.com. Retrieved August 5, 2010 . 
92. ^ Gasherbrum I success for Mondinelli. In: planetmountain.com. Retrieved August 6, 2010 . 
93. ↑ clims and Expeditions: Nepal . In: The American Alpine Club (Ed.): The American Alpine Journal . 2002, p. 403 ( excerpt online in the Google book search [accessed on August 6, 2010]).
94. ^ Makalu - history. Retrieved August 6, 2010 . 
95. ^ ^{A b} Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2006 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
96. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Autumn 2006 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
97. ^ Vinicio Stefanello: The day after: Silvio Mondinelli, Broad Peak and all 14 8000m summits. In: planetmountain.com. July 13, 2007, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
98. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Thomas Mitterer: Ivan Vallejo (* 1959). In: bergfieber.de. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
99. ↑ 2002: Cho Oyu, sin oxígeno 8.201m. (Vía Normal: Vertiente Tibetana). In: Homepage of Iván Vallejo . Retrieved August 19, 2010 (Spanish). 
100. ↑ 2003: Gasherbrum II 8.035 m. In: Homepage of Iván Vallejo . Retrieved August 19, 2010 (Spanish). 
101. ↑ 2004: Makaú - 8,463 m. In: Homepage of Iván Vallejo . Retrieved August 19, 2010 (Spanish). 
102. ^ ^{A b} Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
103. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2008 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
104. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Eberhard Jurgalski: Denis Urubko finished the 14th In: 8000ers.com. May 16, 2009, accessed August 4, 2010 . 
105. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Eberhard Jurgalski: Gerlinde and Ralf summited Lhotse. In: 8000ers.com. May 20, 2009, accessed August 22, 2010 . 
106. ^ ^{A b} Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2005. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
107. ↑ ^{a b} Karakoram 2008 Season's end Chronicle. In: explorersweb.com. September 30, 2008, accessed August 4, 2010 . 
108. ↑ ^{a b} Andrew Lock. In: everestnews.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
109. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Autumn 2004 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
110. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2008 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
111. ↑ ^{a b c d} João Garcia parte para escalar o Annapurna e finalizar os 14 cumes. In: altamontanha.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 (Portuguese). 
112. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2005 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
113. ↑ Himalaya wrap-up: Makalu summits - more to come on Lhotse and Annapurna? In: explorersweb.com. May 19, 2008, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
114. ^ Explorers Web Week in Review. In: explorersweb.com. July 20, 2008, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
115. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2009 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
116. ↑ Annapurna summit push watch: SUMMITS! In: explorersweb.com. April 17, 2010, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
117. ↑ ^{a b} Waldek Brygier: Piotr Piotr Pustelnik. In: everestnews.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
118. ↑ 2006 Pakistan List of Summiteers. In: explorersweb.com. October 13, 2006, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
119. ↑ ^{a b} Annapurna summit day wrap-up: Records, wind and a long descent still ahead. In: explorersweb.com. April 27, 2010, accessed August 5, 2010 . 
120. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad} Eberhard Jurgalski: Top 5 Ladies. (PDF; 14 kB) In: 8000ers.com. May 24, 2010, accessed August 4, 2010 . 
121. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2010 (continued). Retrieved August 4, 2010 . 
122. ↑ ^{a b} K2 Year 2000 Coverage. In: everestnews.com. Retrieved April 27, 2011 (English). 
123. ↑ Caminhos Verticais / Vertical Paths: Waldemar Niclevicz - O Maior Montanhista do Brasil + Waldemar Niclevicz - The highest mountain in Brazil. Retrieved May 16, 2011 (Italian, English). 
124. ↑ Josef Laner: My path leads towards heaven. In: The Vinschger. P. 3 , accessed April 27, 2011 . 
125. ↑ Abele Blanc summits Annapurna and all 8000ers. In: planetmountain.com. April 26, 2011, accessed April 27, 2011 . 
126. ↑ Successfull summiteers of 2010 Spring. (PDF; 0.2 MB) Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation of Nepal, June 2010, archived from the original on October 25, 2014 ; accessed on May 25, 2011 (English). 
127. ↑ Elizabeth Hawley: The Himalayan Database. Ascents - Spring 2010. February 15, 2011, accessed May 25, 2011 . 
128. ↑ Ang Tshering Sherpa reports from Nepal: Plane crash, Mingma's 13th 8000er, floods, and upcoming Everest action. In: explorersweb.com. August 25, 2010, accessed September 1, 2010 . 
129. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: Mingma summited 8000er No. 13. In: 8000ers.com. August 16, 2010, accessed May 24, 2011 . 
130. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: More Kangchenjunga Summits! In: 8000ers.com. May 20, 2011, accessed May 24, 2011 . 
131. ↑ Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner reaches the summit of K2. In: Online edition of Die Presse . August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011 . 
132. ↑ ^{a b c d} Vassily Pivtsov (Almaty, Kazakhstan). Retrieved August 23, 2011 . 
133. ↑ ^{a b} Chip Brown: Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner's ascent to the summit of K2 . In: National Geographic . No. 05/2012 , 2012, p. 38-64 ( online [accessed May 29, 2012]). Online ( Memento from June 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
134. ↑ ^{a b c d} Maxut Zhumayev (Almaty, Kazakhstan). Retrieved August 23, 2011 . 
135. ↑ ExWeb special: Himalaya fall season kick-off with a huge spring flashback. In: ExplorersWeb. August 24, 2009, accessed on October 4, 2011 (English, archived as a print version (PDF; 364 kB)). 
136. ↑ Rodrigo Granzotto Peron: K2 & Karakoram 2010 Season's End Chronicle Part October 1 , 2010, archived from the original ; accessed on October 4, 2011 . 
137. ↑ RussianClimb - News. Retrieved October 4, 2011 . 
138. ↑ ^{a b} Eberhard Jurgalski: Kim Jae-Soo probably climbed all 14! In: 8000ers.com. April 29, 2011, accessed April 29, 2011 . 
139. ↑ Angela Benavides: Himalaya wrap-up: Jae Soo-Kim legal at last on Cho Oyu, Poles on Makalu, Anna new line details, quake debrief from Shisha BC. In: ExplorersWeb. September 26, 2011, accessed September 27, 2011 . 
140. ↑ Guide Alpine del Lario e delle Grigne. Panzeri Mario. Archived from the original on November 19, 2012 ; Retrieved May 23, 2011 (Italian). 
141. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: Mario Panzeri on Kangchenjunga! In: 8000ers.com. May 21, 2011, accessed May 23, 2011 . 
142. ↑ Sara Sottocornola: Vetta! Mario Panzeri fa 13 sul Gasherbrum I. July 13, 2011, accessed on July 13, 2011 (Italian). 
143. ↑ Pakistan wrap-up: GII SUMMITS, Broad Peak push aborted, and more. In: ExplorersWeb. July 14, 2011, accessed July 16, 2011 . 
144. ↑ Mario Panzeri: Summits Dhaulagiri. In: Karakoram Climbers News. May 18, 2012, accessed May 19, 2012 . 
145. ^ Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner on the summit of Annapurna 1. In: bergstieg.at. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004 ; Retrieved May 29, 2012 . 
146. ↑ ^{a b} Hirotaka Takeuchi: 主 な 登山 履 歴: 登山 家 ・ 竹 内 洋 岳 公式 ブ ロ グ. In: Official weblog. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012 ; Retrieved May 29, 2012 (Japanese). 
147. ↑ Frank Gerbert: Dujmovits manages all 8000s. In: Focus Online . May 25, 2009. Retrieved May 28, 2012 . 
148. ↑ Stefan Nestler: Hiros No. 13. In: Internet blog of Deutsche Welle . November 15, 2011, archived from the original on May 28, 2012 ; Retrieved May 28, 2012 . 
149. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: Hirotaka Takeuchi finished the 14th In: 8000ers.com. May 26, 2012, accessed May 27, 2012 . 
150. ↑ Veikka Gustafson summits all 14 8000ers. In: planetmountain.com. July 27, 2009, accessed August 22, 2010 . 
151. ↑ South Korean woman claims 14 peaks climbing record. In: BBC . Retrieved October 7, 2010 . 
152. ↑ ^{a b} Expedition: K2. In: National Geographic . Retrieved August 24, 2011 . 
153. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: ALL 8000ers - ASCENTS vs FATALITIES. (PDF; 12 kB) In: 8000ers.com. Retrieved July 30, 2010 . 
154. ^ South Korean sets record
155. ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski: Chhang Dawa's 14th 8000er Reported. In: 8000ers.com. May 1, 2013, accessed May 3, 2013 . 
156. ↑ Meroi and Benet make the 14 full blogs.dw.com/abenteuersport, May 11, 2017, accessed on December 26, 2017.
157. ↑ Holger Kreitling: The mountain of fate. In: Welt Online . May 21, 2005, accessed October 8, 2010 . 
158. ↑ Alan Hinkes Kangchenjunga - 13 or 14? (No longer available online.) In: mounteverest.net. May 13, 2005, archived from the original on April 2, 2010 ; accessed on August 7, 2010 (English). 
159. ↑ Karin Steinbach Tarnutzer, Peter Schmid: Norbert Joos: On the highest mountains in the world . As Verlag + Buchkonzept A, 2008, ISBN 978-3-909111-61-9 , p. 314, 322 .
160. ↑ ^{a b c} China’s Olympic Torch summit team made official. In: explorersweb.com. May 6, 2008, accessed August 7, 2010 . 

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on January 5, 2011 in this version .