Grand Slam
As a Grand Slam ( . Engl big blow ) one calls especially in sports large, historic successes; the term itself comes from the card game whist and means that one side takes all possible tricks (see section below ).
bridge
The term Grand Slam comes from the Whist , from which the card game Bridge developed, and in Bridge means the announcement of all 13 tricks (i.e. the commandments 7 ♣ , 7 ♦ , 7 ♥ , 7 ♠ and 7NT). In Germany and Austria, the name Großschlemm is common.
Ball sports
tennis
In tennis, the Grand Slam is the win of all four Grand Slam tournaments within a calendar year. These tournaments - the Australian Open , the French Open , the Wimbledon Championships and the US Open - are the most highly endowed competitions in the tournament calendar in terms of prize money (in addition to the Masters ) and the world ranking points to be awarded there .
golf
| competition | place | Emergence | meeting |
|---|---|---|---|
| US Masters | Augusta , Georgia | 1934 | April |
| US Open | United States | 1895 | June |
| The Open Championship | UK | 1860 | July |
| PGA Championship | United States | 1916 | August |
In golf , the Grand Slam traditionally consists of winning the four most important tournaments (majors) in one calendar year. Currently these are the Masters tournament in the USA (Augusta, Georgia), the Open Championship (Great Britain), the US Open and the PGA Championship (both in the USA).
Initially (from 1860) there was only the Open Championship, so there was no basis for a series of major tournaments. The Amateur Championship (British Amateur) was held for the first time in 1885, followed by the US Open and US Amateur in 1895. From this point onwards, in retrospect, one can speak of a Grand Slam consisting of these four tournaments, but there are no sources that prove such a concept for the time. The journalist OB Keeler popularized the term only in 1930 on the occasion of the first (and so far only) win of the Grand Slam by the amateur Bobby Jones . He had already come up with the concept in 1926, but never told anyone about it.
With the introduction of the Masters in 1934 and the diminishing importance of amateur sport, the definition of major tournaments and thus also of the Grand Slam shifted to today's four professional tournaments. Since this was a gradual transition, there is no precise definition for the years between 1934 and 1959 as to which tournaments counted among the majors besides the Open Championship and the US Open. In 1960, in a conversation with journalist Bod Drum, the influential Arnold Palmer said that he would succeed in a “modern Grand Slam” if he could win the Masters and US Open as well as the Open Championship and the PGA Championship. Since then, the current definition of major and grand slam has existed, which no golfer has yet been able to win.
Ben Hogan won three majors in one calendar year in 1953, but he could not take part in the PGA Championship because of the overlap with the Open Championship. Tiger Woods won all four majors in uninterrupted succession - albeit spread over two calendar years . In 2000 he won the US Open, the Open Championship and the PGA Championship. In 2001 he won the Masters. The fact that Woods won all four majors in a row is also known as the Tiger Slam .
However, there are also minority opinions regarding the modern Grand Slam such as that of Jack Nicklaus , who also counts his two US amateur championships in 1959 and 1961 as majors. The Western Open (from 1899 to the 1920s), the World Championship of Golf (by far the most highly endowed tournament of the 1950s) and the British PGA Match Play Championship (before the First World War ) are occasionally used as majors for the periods mentioned accepted. In addition, the major status of the PGA Championship is sometimes questioned and the Players Championship is referred to as the fifth major.
The Grand Slam in golf should not be confused with the PGA Grand Slam of Golf tournament . Only the four winners of the major tournaments of the respective year (or, if applicable, one or more previous major winners, if a player has won more than one major tournament in the season) are entitled to start there.
Table tennis
In table tennis, winning the Olympic tournament , the World Championship and the World Cup is known as a Grand Slam. The following players have succeeded so far: Jan-Ove Waldner , Liu Guoliang , Kong Linghui , Zhang Jike and Ma Long in the men, Deng Yaping , Wang Nan , Zhang Yining , Li Xiaoxia and Ding Ning in the women. Zhang Yining is the only one who has won all tournaments at least twice so far.
baseball
A baseball grand slam refers to a home run in which all three bases are occupied, so that a total of four runs (points) are scored. The New York Yankees get three such Grand Slams for the first time in one game, against Oakland on August 25, 2011, with a 2: 7 deficit converted into a clear lead.
Rugby union
A Grand Slam can be achieved in the sport of rugby union in two ways:
Six Nations
When a participating team defeats all of their opponents in the annual Six Nations , it is called a Grand Slam. The term was probably first used in 1957 by The Times newspaper for England's victory over all opponents in the previous Five Nations tournament. If a British team wins against all other teams from the British Isles (i.e. excluding France and Italy), one speaks of a triple crown .
| team | Tournaments |
|---|---|
 England (13) |
1913, 1914, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1957, 1980, 1991, 1992, 1995, 2003, 2016 |
.svg){kind=small} Wales (12) |
1908, 1909, 1911, 1950, 1952, 1971, 1976, 1978, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2019 |
 France (9) |
1968, 1977, 1981, 1987, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2010 |
 Scotland (3) |
1925, 1984, 1990 |
 Ireland (3) |
1948, 2009, 2018 |
 Italy
|
no Grand Slam yet |
Grand Slam Tour
A Grand Slam Tour is when a team from the southern hemisphere wins against all four British teams in the same season. So far, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa have managed to beat all opponents and thus successfully complete the tour.
| team | Years |
|---|---|
 South Africa
|
1912/13, 1931/32, 1951/52, 1960/61 |
 New Zealand
|
1978, 2005, 2008, 2010 |
 Australia
|
1984 |
Equestrian sport
The Grand Slam of Eventing (in German: Grand Slam of eventing equestrian sport) is a special eventing award sponsored by the watch manufacturer Rolex , which has been advertised since 1999. In order to win this special prize, endowed with € 350,000, you have to win three of the world's most important eventing tournaments in a row. So far this has only been achieved by one female rider.
Also sponsored by Rolex is the Show Jumping Grand Slam , which has been held since 2013.
Racing and motor sports
Automobile racing in general
The “Grand Slam” of automobile racing is a fictional title obtained by winning the Le Mans 24-hour race , the Indianapolis 500 , the Monaco Grand Prix , and one of the major single- posto championships ( Formula 1 World Championship and / or the American Champ Car racing series or its predecessor and successor series). Occasionally, analogous to horse racing, there is also talk of the “triple crown” of automobile racing: The corresponding monoposto championship is left out. The "Triple Crown" and the "Grand Slam" have only been achieved by one driver so far:
-
Graham Hill : winner of the Le Mans 24-hour race (1972), winner of the Indianapolis 500 (1966), winner of the Monaco Grand Prix (1963–1965, 1968, 1969), Formula 1 world champion (1962, 1968 ).
The likelihood that a driver will win this title has decreased over the years as the specialization of drivers in either monoposti, sports or touring cars has become more and more prevalent over the past few decades.
Accordingly, several drivers were successful in the monoposto series and won different parts of the Grand Slam there; however, some drivers were successful in one of the single-posto championships as well as in Le Mans:
| Driver 1 | Formula 1 world champion | Champ car champion | Wins Monaco GP | Indianapolis 500 wins | Le Mans 24 Hours victories |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Fernando Alonso
|
2005 2006 |
2006 2007 |
2018 2019 |
||
 Mario Andretti
|
1978 |
1965 1966 1969 1984 |
1969 | ||
|
Jim Clark
|
1963 1965 |
1965 | |||
 Emerson Fittipaldi
|
1972 1974 |
1989 |
1989 1993 |
||
|
AJ Foyt
|
1960 1961 1963 1964 1967 1975 1979 |
1961 1964 1967 1977 |
1967 | ||
|
Graham Hill
|
1962 1968 |
1963 1964 1965 1968 1969 |
1966 | 1972 | |
|
Phil Hill
|
1961 |
1958 1961 1962 |
|||
|
Nigel Mansell
|
1992 | 1993 | |||
|
Bruce McLaren
|
1962 | 1966 | |||
 Juan Pablo Montoya
|
1999 | 2003 |
2000 2015 |
||
 Jochen Rindt
|
1970 | 1970 | 1965 | ||
|
Maurice Trintignant
|
1955 1958 |
1954 | |||
 Jacques Villeneuve
|
1997 | 1995 | 1995 |
Long distance sport
There are several major endurance races; In general (in descending order) the 24 Hours of Le Mans , the 24 Hours of Daytona and the 12 Hours of Sebring are among the most significant. The closest thing to a long-distance Grand Slam win so far came Ken Miles , who won at Daytona and Sebring in 1966 , but narrowly missed a final win at Le Mans .
Formula 1 world championship
Perfect race
In the Formula 1 World Championship , the term Grand Slam appears, mostly in the English-speaking world, also in connection with a so-called "perfect race" in which a driver leads the race from pole position over the entire race distance and the fastest race lap achieved. Michael Schumacher , for example, succeeded in doing this five times in 91 victories. The record holder with eight such “Grand Slams” is the Briton Jim Clark . For a Grand Slam it is “only” necessary that the driver finishes each race lap as the leader; a short-term loss of the top position during a round is irrelevant for the assessment as a Grand Slam. In contrast to the Grand Slam, a hat trick is reaching pole position, driving the fastest race lap and winning the same race without necessarily leading it after each race lap.
- Overview of the drivers who managed a Grand Slam:
Victories on the four "classic" routes
Occasionally a victory in all four “classic” races in Monaco , Spa-Francorchamps , Silverstone and Monza is referred to as a Grand Slam. In the 40 years from 1950 to 2019 that they were held together, not a single driver achieved victories in all four races within one season.
Six drivers achieved three wins in one season: Jim Clark (1963), Alain Prost (1985), Ayrton Senna (1990), Damon Hill (1994), Sebastian Vettel (2011) and Lewis Hamilton (2015 and 2017). Sebastian Vettel only missed the Grand Slam by finishing second in Silverstone. Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna and Lewis Hamilton each missed the Grand Slam by finishing third in one of the four races. Michael Schumacher (Monaco, Spa-Francorchamps 1997, Monza, Silverstone 1998) and Lewis Hamilton (Silverstone, Monza, Spa-Francorchamps 2015, Monaco 2016) won all four races within two years.
- Overview of the drivers who were victorious on all four routes:
| space | Driver 1 | Wins overall | Wins Monaco | Wins spa | Wins Silverstone | Wins Monza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 Michael sSchumacher
|
19th | 5 | 6th | 3 | 5 |
| 2 |
Lewis Hamilton
|
18th | 3 | 3 | 7th | 5 |
| 3 |
Ayrton Senna
|
14th | 6th | 5 | 1 | 2 |
| 4th |
Alain Prost
|
13 | 4th | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| 5 |
Sebastian Vettel
|
10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| 6th |
 Juan Manuel Fangio
|
9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| 7th |
David Coulthard
|
6th | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
|
Nico Rosberg
|
6th | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cyclocross
A Grand Slam in the cycling discipline Cyclocross , which is particularly popular in Belgium and the Netherlands, consists of winning the world and national championships as well as the three most important ratings in this sport, World Cup , Superprestige and bpost bank Trofee (formerly: GvA Trofee), within one Season. This achievement was achieved by the Belgians Sven Nys (2004/05) and Wout Van Aert (2015/16). Sometimes only the three series World Cup, Superprestige and bpost bank Trofee are referred to as “Grand Slam”.
Ski jumping
| Place (date) |
Jump | Hill record (year) |
|---|---|---|
|
Oberstdorf (December 29 or 30) |
Schattenbergschanze |
Sigurd Pettersen 143.5 m (2003) |
|
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (January 1st; New Year's Jumping ) |
Big Olympic hill |
Simon Ammann 143.5 m (2010) |
|
Innsbruck (January 3rd or 4th) |
Bergiselschanze |
Michael Hayböck 138.0 m (2015) |
|
Bischofshofen (January 6th or 7th; Epiphany jumping) |
Paul-Ausserleitner- Schanze |
Dawid Kubacki 145.0 m (2019) |
In ski jumping , based on tennis and golf, the term Grand Slam has become established for winning all four competitions in the Four Hills Tournament . The first winner of all four touring competitions within one winter was Sven Hannawald (2001/2002). The Polish Kamil Stoch succeeded as the second jumper (2017/2018) and the Japanese Ryōyū Kobayashi as the third jumper (2018/2019).
Explorers Grand Slam
The term Explorers Grand Slam or Adventurers Grand Slam refers to reaching the Seven Summits and the North and South Poles or this performance in combination with climbing all 14 eight-thousanders , the latter also being known as the True Explorers Grand Slam or the 14th + 7 + 2 .
So far, only two people have managed to climb the eight-thousanders and the Seven Summits and also to reach the North and South Poles: the South Korean Park Young-Seok and the Chinese Zhang Liang.
swell
- ^ Bob Harig: Golf's professional Grand Slam has developed over time. ESPN.com , April 7, 2008, accessed April 7, 2008 .
- ^ Major Championship Performances . Nicklaus.com. Accessed December 31, 2015.
- ↑ World Cup on tischtennis.de, accessed on January 29, 2020.
- ↑ Cano, Martin, Granderson hit slams, Yanks romp ( January 11, 2012 memento in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.motorsport-total.com/wec/news/2015/07/grand-slam-im-visier-juan-pablo-montoya-will-nach-le-mans-15071502.html
- ↑ a b https://www.rtl.de/cms/sebastian-vettel-und-die-jagd-nach-grand-slams-1662495.html
- ↑ http://www.motorsport-magazin.com/formel1/news-218481-historisches-fahrer-das-perfekte-wochenende-die-besten-grand-slammer/
- ↑ http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/formel-1/die-schoensten-monaco-erinnerungen-der-zweite-platz-fuehlte-sich-an-wie-ein-sieg-7175132.html
- ↑ http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/nys-confirms-2016-date-for-retirement/
- ↑ http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13037/bpost-bank-new-name-sponsor-for-GvA-Trofee-cyclocross-series.aspx
- ↑ http://explorersgrandslam.com/
- ↑ http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/grandslam.shtml