Six Nations
Six Nations | |
Current season | 2020 |
sport | Rugby union |
First edition | 1883 |
Teams | 6 (since 2000) |
Game mode | Round tournament |
Title holder | Wales |
Record winner |
Wales (39 wins) (27 undivided, 12 divided) |
Record player | Sergio Parisse (69 games) |
Most of the points | Ronan O'Gara (557) |
Most attempts | Brian O'Driscoll (26) |
Website | www.sixnationsrugby.com |
map |
Six Nations (dt. Six Nations , in conjunction with the main sponsor Guinness and 2019 Guinness Six Nations called) is a place held annually tournament in the sport of Rugby Union , where the national teams from England , France , Ireland , Italy , Scotland and Wales to participate. The winner of the tournament is considered the unofficial European champion.
The origins of the tournament go back to 1883 when the four Home Nations England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales played against each other for the first time. It was in 1910 with the inclusion of France to Five Nations (Five Nations) expanded. The tournament has existed in its current form since 2000, after Italy was accepted.
The tournament winner is determined in five rounds according to the principle of everyone against everyone , with the home law changing annually for each pairing. In contrast to most other rugby union competitions, the usual bonus point system was not applied until the 2017 season, as there is a theoretical possibility that the result could be changed. For example, England would have won the tournament on points in 2002, even though France won all games. Since the 2017 season, the bonus point system has been in effect analogous to most rugby competitions. There are 0 points for the loser, 2 points for a tie, four points for the winner, 1 bonus point for four or more attempts and 1 bonus point for a defeat equal to or less than 7 points difference.
Since 2001 there has also been a Six Nations tournament for women .
trophies
The winner of the tournament since 1993 receives from sterling silver existing Championship Trophy . It was designed by James Brent-Ward, made by eight London silversmiths, and is valued at £ 55,000. The inside was originally also made of silver, but suffered corrosion damage due to the Victory Champagne and was therefore clad with 22-carat gold .
If a British or Irish team wins against the other three home nations , it creates a triple crown . Two teams managed to achieve such a success four times in a row; Wales (1976-1979) and England (1995-1998). The most triple crowns (24) were won by England, followed by Wales with 18, Scotland with 10 and Ireland with 9.
The winner of the England vs. Scotland game will receive the Calcutta Cup , the winner of the England vs. Ireland game will receive the Millennium Trophy . France and Italy play for the Giuseppe Garibaldi trophy .
Not associated with a trophy, but extremely prestigious for a team, is a victory against all other teams during a tournament, a so-called Grand Slam . A team could win all games five times in a row: Wales (1908/09), England (1913/14, 1923/24, 1991/92) and France (1997/98). No team has yet managed three Grand Slams in a row. The record holder is England with twelve Grand Slams, followed by France and Wales with nine each, Scotland and Ireland with three Grand Slams. In 2005 Wales were the only team to date to win the Grand Slam with more away than home wins. In 2003 England was the only team to achieve a Grand Slam and win the World Cup in the same year .
Venues
The venues of the Six Nations tournament are:
England | France | Ireland | Italy | Scotland | Wales | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stadion | Twickenham Stadium | Stade de France | Aviva Stadium | Stadio Olimpico | Murrayfield Stadium | Millennium Stadium |
place | London | Saint-Denis | Dublin | Rome | Edinburgh | Cardiff |
capacity | 82,000 | 80,000 | 51,700 | 72,700 | 67,800 | 74,500 |
Hymns
Although God Save the Queen is considered the national anthem of the whole of the UK , it is only played before matches with England. Wales and Scotland have their own anthems. As the Irish team represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland , a specially created anthem is played for away games and the national anthem Amhrán na bhFiann is also played at home games in the Republic of Ireland .
- England: God Save the Queen
- France: Marseillaise
- Ireland: Ireland's Call
- Italy: Fratelli d'Italia
- Scotland: The Flower of Scotland
- Wales: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
history
In 1871 England and Scotland met in the very first rugby international match. After twelve years with occasional friendly games, the first Home International Championship took place in 1883 , in which England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales participated. England became the first tournament winner and also the first winner of the Triple Crown.
In 1888 and 1889, England was excluded from the tournament because the English Federation refused to join the International Rugby Board and was boycotted for this reason. England and Scotland made the tournament victory among themselves until Wales won the first time in 1893. The following year Ireland celebrated a tournament victory for the first time. Wales was not allowed to participate in 1897 and 1898 because Captain Arthur Joseph Gould had received financial recognition and the other associations considered this to be illicit professionalism. Only Gould's resignation solved this problem.
Although the Welsh tournament victories in 1908 and 1909 still fall into the Home Nations era, these are considered Grand Slams , as the Welsh also beat France in both years. In 1910, the French, who had taken part in the tournament four times, created the term "Five Nations", which then received official status. England was the first tournament winner of that era, and Wales the first Grand Slam winner the following year. From 1915 to 1919, during the First World War and the immediate post-war period, the tournament could not be played.
After the 1931 tournament, France was excluded because of the creeping professionalization of the league and violence on the field. The ban was lifted in 1939, but the Second World War prevented the Five Nations tournament from being held until 1947. The French won the tournament for the first time in 1954. By the 1970s, Five Nations had become by far the most important tournament in the northern hemisphere, with games sold out throughout and high TV ratings.
The 1972 tournament had to end prematurely because of the Northern Ireland conflict, so there was no winner. After Bloody Sunday in Derry , the British Embassy in Dublin was burned down by an angry mob and numerous players had received threatening letters. Scotland and Wales refused to play for the upcoming away games in Ireland and justified this with the lack of security. The following season ended perfectly even; each team won and lost twice, so there were five winners.
There had been no trophy for the winning team until 1993, until the creation of the Five Nations Championship Trophy . France were the first team to receive the new trophy. In 1999 Scotland was the last Five Nations winner, as the tournament was expanded to Six Nations in 2000 with the addition of Italy. England won the first six-team event.
winner
TC: Triple Crown
GS: Grand Slam
Home International Championship 1883–1909
Five Nations 1910-1931
Home International Championship 1932–1939
- 1932 : England, Ireland, Wales
- 1933 : Scotland (TC)
- 1934 : England (TC)
- 1935 : Ireland
- 1936 : Wales
- 1937 : England (TC)
- 1938 : Scotland (TC)
- 1939 : England, Ireland, Wales
Five Nations 1940-1999
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Six Nations 2000 – today
- 2000 : England
- 2001 : England
- 2002 : France (GS)
- 2003 : England (GS)
- 2004 : France (GS)
- 2005 : Wales (GS)
- 2006 : France
- 2007 : France
- 2008 : Wales (GS)
- 2009 : Ireland (GS)
- 2010 : France (GS)
- 2011 : England
- 2012 : Wales (GS)
- 2013 : Wales
- 2014 : Ireland
- 2015 : Ireland
- 2016 : England (GS)
- 2017 : England
- 2018 : Ireland (GS)
- 2019 : Wales (GS)
Track record
Records
game | competition | Career | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Points | 35 | Jonny Wilkinson (England - Italy, 2001) | 89 | Jonny Wilkinson (2001) | 557 | Ronan O'Gara (2000-2013) |
tries | 5 | GC Lindsay (Scotland - Wales, 1887) | 8th |
Cyril Lowe (1914) Ian Scott Smith (1925)
|
26th | Brian O'Driscoll (2000-2014) |
Increases | 9 |
Jonny Wilkinson (England - Italy, 2001) Paddy Jackson (Ireland - Italy, 2017)
|
24 | Jonny Wilkinson (2001) | 89 | Jonny Wilkinson (1998-2011) |
Kicks | 7th |
Simon Hodgkinson (England - Wales, 1991) Rob Andrew (England - Scotland, 1995) Jonny Wilkinson (England - France, 1999) Neil Jenkins (Wales - Italy, 2000) Gérald Merceron (France - Italy, 2002) Chris Paterson (Scotland - Wales, 2007) Leigh Halfpenny (Wales - Scotland, 2013) Maxime Makeaud (France - England, 2016)
|
19th | Leigh Halfpenny (2013) | 109 | Ronan O'Gara (2000-2013) |
Drop goals | 3 |
Pierre Albaladejo (France-Ireland, 1960) Jean-Patrick Lescarboura (France-England, 1985) Diego Domínguez (Italy-Scotland, 2000) Neil Jenkins (Wales-Scotland, 2001)
|
5 |
Guy Camberabero (1967) Diego Domínguez (2000) Neil Jenkins (2001) Jonny Wilkinson (2003) Dan Parks (2010)
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11 | Jonny Wilkinson (1998-2011) |
Sources, notes
- ^ Bonus-point system introduced for 2017 tournament . BBC Sports. Retrieved February 5, 2007.
- ↑ a b c A brief history of the Six Nations rugby tournament . 6 Nations Rugby. Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 5, 2007.
- ^ Six Nations history . BBC Sports. Retrieved February 5, 2007.
- ↑ England did not take part
- ↑ England did not take part
- ↑ Scotland and Wales did not play against each other
- ↑ Scotland and Wales did not play against each other