Bischofshofen

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Borough
Bischofshofen
coat of arms Austria map
Coat of arms of Bischofshofen
Bischofshofen (Austria)
Bischofshofen
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Salzburg
Political District : St. Johann im Pongau
License plate : JO
Surface: 49.54 km²
Coordinates : 47 ° 25 '  N , 13 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 25 '2 "  N , 13 ° 13' 10"  E
Height : 544  m above sea level A.
Residents : 10,580 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 214 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 5500
Area code : 06462
Community code : 5 04 04
Address of the
municipal administration:
Rathausplatz 1
5500 Bischofshofen
Website: www.bischofshofen.at
politics
Mayor : Hansjörg Obinger ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : (2019)
(25 members)
16
7th
2
16 7th 
A total of 25 seats
Location of Bischofshofen in the St. Johann im Pongau district
Bad Gastein Altenmarkt im Pongau Bad Hofgastein Bischofshofen Dorfgastein Eben im Pongau Filzmoos Flachau (Salzburg) Forstau Goldegg im Pongau Großarl Hüttau Hüttschlag Kleinarl Mühlbach am Hochkönig Pfarrwerfen Radstadt St. Johann im Pongau St. Martin am Tennengebirge Sankt Veit im Pongau Schwarzach im Pongau Untertauern Wagrain (Pongau) Werfen Werfenweng SalzburgLocation of the municipality of Bischofshofen in the St. Johann im Pongau district (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
Bischofshofen from the west
Bischofshofen from the west
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Bischofshofen ( colloquially abbreviated "B'hofen") is a town with 10,580 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the St. Johann im Pongau district in the state of Salzburg in Austria and is located about 50 km south of the state capital Salzburg .

geography

The city is located in the Salzburg region Salzachpongau on the Salzach and is surrounded by the mountains Hochkönig ( Berchtesgaden Alps ) to the west, the Tennengebirge in the northeast, and the Hochgründeck ( Fritz Valley mountains ) in the southeast. The former two belong to the Salzburg High Limestone Alps , the latter to the Salzburg Slate Alps . The valley forms the northern area of ​​the Bischofshofen-St.-Johanner basin .

Community structure

The municipality includes the cadastral communities of Bischofshofen (valley area and left side of the valley), Buchberg (right side of the valley), Haidberg (lower Mühlbachtal ) and Winkl (in the Fritztal ).

The municipality includes the following nine localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

  • Bischofshofen , the city (main town) - in the Salzachtal (7630)
  • Mitterberghütten - (until 1929 Ausserfelden) a village in the Salzach valley south of the city at the mouth of the Mühlbach (1334)
  • Laideregg - a village on the Hochkönigfuß (left bank of the Salzach) west of the city (502)
  • Gainfeld - a valley near Laideregg to the Hochkönig (87)
  • Haidberg - the beginning of the Mühlbachtal, which passes the Hochkönig to the south in the direction of Dienten (88)
  • Buchberg - the right side of the valley of the Salzach on the Hochgründeck (409)
  • Kreuzberg - the ridge northeast of the city, between Salzachtal and Fritztal , which leads towards Ennspongau (320)
  • Winkl - the left side of the Fritztal on the Hochgründeckstock (64)
  • Alpfahrt - the left side of the Fritztal in the valley, with parts of the Tennengebirgssüdfuß (146)

Counting districts are seven for the city ( Bischofshofen-Zentrum-S [üd], - N [ord], Umgebung-Süd, -Nord, -Northost, -West and Salzburger Straße-Nord ) , as well as Mitterberghütten and Bischofshofen-Umgebung for the rest the community.

Until the end of 2002 the community belonged to the judicial district Werfen , since 2003 it has been part of the judicial district Sankt Johann im Pongau .

Neighboring communities

Throw Parish throw Werfenweng


Mühlbach am Hochkönig
Neighboring communities Huettau
St. Johann im Pongau
The municipality, the place Markt Werfen is in the Salzach valley behind Pfarrwerfen (Werfen village)

climate

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Bischofshofen
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.1 4.5 9.7 15.2 20.2 22.2 24.2 23.7 19.4 15.1 7.0 1.7 O 13.7
Min. Temperature (° C) -6.4 -4.5 -0.8 2.9 7.6 10.7 12.6 12.4 9.0 4.7 -0.1 -4.5 O 3.7
Temperature (° C) -3.3 -1.0 3.3 8.0 13.0 15.7 17.5 16.9 12.9 8.5 2.6 -2.0 O 7.7
Precipitation ( mm ) 48 55 72 60 88 129 153 148 98 62 63 63 Σ 1,039
Humidity ( % ) 73.5 63.9 56.0 48.4 48.9 54.0 54.5 55.4 58.1 58.9 70.3 77.7 O 60
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.1
-6.4
4.5
-4.5
9.7
-0.8
15.2
2.9
20.2
7.6
22.2
10.7
24.2
12.6
23.7
12.4
19.4
9.0
15.1
4.7
7.0
-0.1
1.7
-4.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
48
55
72
60
88
129
153
148
98
62
63
63
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

The place name developed from pongowe, the Maximilianszelle (711/12), via Hove (1151), Hofen, Bischofhof, from around 1420 to Bischofshofen.

In the High Middle Ages, the place had a mystical high reputation and the secular lords of Pongau also held high positions as the Salzburg-Bavarian ministerial family (giving). From 1243 onwards, however, with the creation of the new town of Werfen under the protection of its castle, the center of the Pongau shifted from both the Pongau old parish of St. Cyriak (Pfarrwerfen) and from Hofen to the new Werfen market. The Goldeggers also replaced the Lords of Pongowe.

From the end of the 19th century, Bischofshofen assumed a pioneering role as a railway junction and as a result of industrialization.

Historically, from 1216 to 1803, Bischofshofen was divided into two parts: the Chiemsee Hofmark around today's parish church and the district that was subordinate to the Prince of Salzburg (Archbishop). The diocese of Chiemsee was in turn an own diocese of the Salzburg church itself.


History: The central Pongau around Bischofshofen (like the Grauwackenzone) was an old central European copper mining area of ​​the pre- or. early Celtic population (similar to Uttendorf im Pinzgau). The oldest grave finds date from the Hallstatt period to the Latène period. There were other finds from this period. a. at Götschenberg, at the Bachfall ruins and at the Sinnhubschlössl.

During the Iron Age , copper mining was stopped for 2500 years and only rediscovered in 1827. At the Buchberg the dismantling took place until 1959. Iron was in Bischofshofen from 1615, especially in the 17th / 18th. Century. From the 5th century, especially in the 2nd / 1st Century BC, the Celtic salt mining dominates the Hallein Dürrnberg .


15 BC - 488 AD - Roman times ; Ostrogothic up to 536, then Frankish or Bavarian rule

At the Frauenkirche (mentioned for the first time on August 24, 1359) there was a lime tombstone from Roman times (A. Lippert found remains of a Roman building underneath), a Celtic coin from the 1st century BC (2019) and surprisingly close on the hillside, some early to high medieval graves from the 8th to 13th century AD (latest excavation 2019 by the BDA). As a result, there must have been a very early predecessor of the Gothic Frauenkirche (cited by Höglinger). So far, the remains of the foundation were assumed to be around 1000 nC.

The Roman road itself led via Hüttau sunny via Ani (in the Ennstal) into the Lungau, like several milestones, mostly from the 3rd / 4th. Century, document.


711/712: The first documented mention of the wooded area ( pongowe ) in the Inner Mountains is for the year 711/712, with the establishment of the Maximilianszelle (Cella Maximiliana) as the predecessor of today's parish church. This takes place under Bishop / Abbot Rupert von Salzburg , with the consent of the Bavarian Dukes Theodo or his son Theodbert who is present from the Agilolfinger family and the Albina family (von der Albm).

The immediate conflict zone of Bischofshofen on the border with the post-Norse, Slavic principality of Carantania is documented by the destruction of the Maximilian cell in the middle of the 8th century by Slavs. After another destruction in 820, however, the new building followed immediately in 821.

At that time, the Salzburg bishops partly provided the chancellors of the Duchy of Bavaria . The Bischofshofener estates are among the oldest named in the state and formed the nucleus of the later Salzburg land acquisition. In the late Middle Ages, almost 50% of the goods belonged to the Salzburg archbishopric (manorial rule), which were managed by landholders .

1025-1041 Archbishop Dietmar consecrated an altar.

In 1106-1216 a small Augustinian canon monastery was founded, led by provosts.

The name Hoven was first mentioned in a document in 1151 .

In 1216/17 the small Augustinian canons founded in 1106 and several manors came into the possession of the bishops of the newly created Salzburg diocese of Chiemsee. Their legally sovereign Hofmark of Kastenhof also came under the lower jurisdiction . The remaining part of the emerging village was under the jurisdiction of Werfen .

In 1405 the name Bischofhof is mentioned for the first time in a land register of the diocese .

The lords of Pongowe (Pongau) form one of the oldest and respected ministerial families of the archbishops in their castle above the Gainfeld waterfall ( castle ruins Bachsfall or Purchstall) in the 12th century . In the 13./14. In the 19th century there were constant feuds between the archbishops and the ministerials and Bavarian knight families; Vests were built and destroyed.

Although only a village, Bischofshofen was granted market and market customs law ( forum et mercatus ) in the 14th century . The oldest estates in the lists of 1330 and 1350 bear consistently Germanic name: Henry de Flechsberg (Flachsberg) Meingotz on the Puchberg, iron Bert Altmann, Godewin, Percht ... These goods designations, there are now almost exclusively as field names .

From 1500 to 1850 the so-called Little Ice Age prevailed with decreasing profitability of agriculture.

In 1458 and especially in 1462 the farmers in the Inner Mountains (Pongau, Pinzgau, Brixental), also in association with the city of Radstadt, rose up against new taxes from the ecclesiastical sovereign (consecration tax and surcharges). A copy of the settlement made with the sovereign was also issued for Bischofshofen in 1462.

1525/26: Pressed by high tax pressure (and an increasing population to be fed), the Salzburg Peasant Wars also hit Bischofshofen in 1525/26. The neighboring Hohenwerfen Castle was occupied by farmers and miners, and the Hohensalzburg Fortress was besieged for three months. However, the farmers are defeated at Zell am See and Radstadt by auxiliary troops of the Swabian Federation . In 1564, farmers in Bischofshofen appointed the Protestant Constantin Schlafhauser as pastor, and unrest broke out. This was followed by the execution of the insurgent farmers Wilhelm Egger (1565) and Hans Steiner. From 1570 to 1811, the descendants of the rebels took part in the blood ram service, the delivery of a ram covered with a red woolen cloth.

In 1732 the evangelicals began to be expelled from the prince-archbishopric of Salzburg, also from Bischofshofen. Over 4,000 people from the Bischofshofen and Werfen courts alone had to leave the country. About 70% of the population put their faith before their homeland and were mostly accepted into Prussia ( Salzburg exiles ).

In 1775, the heavy flooding of the Gainfeldbach in the village center claimed 16 lives. In 1803 the church property was secularized and the state of Salzburg has been part of Austria since 1816. The country did not recover for a long time from the Napoleonic Wars and the struggles for freedom (around 1809, rifle commander Josef Struber) and the looting and the place was, for example, in 1869 as in poor conditions. There has been a (limited) elected council since 1850.

In 1848 Austria was liberated (redeemed) from the manors.

The construction of the railway around 1875, the option in South Tyrol with the construction of a South Tyrolean settlement around 1940, the war expellees and industrialization brought high immigration. In 1882, copper smelting was relocated from Mühlbach to Ausserfelden (today Mitterberghütten) (which has not existed since 1977).

Only with the construction of the Giselabahn to Wörgl in Tyrol and the Kronprinz-Rudolf-Bahn in the direction of Graz in 1875, the copper mining in Mühlbach and the industrialization, Bischofshofen grew into an economic center in Pongau and an early Salzburg center of social democracy and became in the consequence on February 9, 1900 raised to the market town . Due to the continuous development into an important business and shopping center in the region, Bischofshofen received city ​​rights on September 24, 2000 .

coat of arms

AT Bischofshofen COA.svg

The city's coat of arms is described :

A divided shield, split in the upper half . Above in the right golden field a black, red-tongued eagle and in the left red field a silver Gothic pastoral protruding obliquely to the left with a white fluttering band. In the lower blue half of the shield, an arm protruding from the left margin in a black sleeve with a white cuff, in the bare hand holding a golden Taiding staff inclined .
Coat of arms diocese Chiemsee.png

In addition to the coat of arms, the city carries a flag with the colors yellow-red-blue.

The eagle and the bishop's staff are the coats of arms of the eponymous diocese of Chiemsee , the black eagle on gold is an imperial eagle , which comes from the establishment permit for Frauen- and Herrenchiemsee by Emperor Friedrich II. 1213/15 (Chiemseeadler) . The Taidingstab refers to the equally old local jurisdiction ( Thaiding ).

Population development

Bischofshofen has grown steadily since the first census in 1869 (1,816 inhabitants) until 1991 and today has 10,290 inhabitants. However, this development stagnated until 2001, mainly due to the decline in the number of employees in railway construction and operation of the Austrian Federal Railways .

Town twinning

Bischofshofen maintains partnerships with

politics

Town hall of the municipality

The community council has a total of 25 members.

mayor
  • 1945–1959 Franz Moßhammer (SPÖ)
  • 1959–1974 Hermann Wielandner (SPÖ)
  • 1974–1979 Andreas Mischitz (SPÖ)
  • 1979–1994 Josef Kert (SPÖ)
  • 1994–1999 Herbert Haselsteiner (SPÖ)
  • 1999-2014 Jakob Rohrmoser (ÖVP)
  • since 2014 Hansjörg Obinger (SPÖ)
City Senate

The city senate consists of nine members and consists of the following city councils:

  • Mayor Hansjörg Obinger (SPÖ) - departments: building, regional planning, finance
  • 1. Vbgm. Werner Schnell (SPÖ) - departments: youth, sports matters
  • 2. Vbgm. Josef Mairhofer (ÖVO) - Department: Economy, Energy, e5
  • StR Ursula Pfisterer (SPÖ) - Departments: Environment, Climate Alliance Education and Kindergartens
  • StR Raimund Unger (ÖVP) - Departments: Transport and Mobility
  • StR Sabine Klausner (SPÖ) - Departments: Social, Family and Seniors
  • StR Wolfgang Bergmüller (SPÖ) - Department: Allocation matters in housing
  • StR Heinrich Reisenberger (ÖVP) - Departments: Culture and Agriculture
  • StR Elisabeth Schindl (SPÖ) - Departments: Economy, City Marketing and Tourism

Main town of the municipality: the city of Bischofshofen

Bischofshofen ( city )
locality ( capital of the municipality )
cadastral municipality Bischofshofen
Basic data
Pole. District , state St. Johann im Pongau  (JO), Salzburg
Judicial district St. Johann im Pongau
Pole. local community Bischofshofen
Coordinates 47 ° 24 ′ 52 "  N , 13 ° 13 ′ 7"  E
height 549  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village 7630 (January 1, 2020)
Building status 1010 (2001)
Area  d. KG 15.62 km²
Post Code 5500 Bischofshofen
Statistical identification
Locality code 13972
Cadastral parish number 55501
Counting district / district Bischofshofen-Center-S, Center-Environment-North, Center-Environment-West, Center-Environment-Northeast, Bischofshofen-Center-N, Center-Environment-South, Salzburger Straße-North (50404 000−005,008)
image
View in the Salzach valley northwards to Bischofshofen - bypass Bischofshofen: at the front on the right valley slope of the motorway feeder to the Pongau junction , at the back and right into the Fritztal running the A10 ; below left the Salzach bridge of the Hochkönigstrasse and Mitterberghütten ; in the back village throwing and throwing market with Hohenwerfen
Local area partly also in KG  Haidberg and Buchberg
Source: STAT : Ortsverzeichnis ; BEV : GEONAM ; SAGIS
7630

The main town of the municipality is the town of Bischofshofen . The place is located about 45 km southeast of Salzburg and 7½ km north of St. Johann . It stretches over 3½ kilometers, mostly on the left bank along the Salzach , at around 550  m above sea level. A. Height.

The city, which is also a separate village , has around 1000 buildings and a good 7200 inhabitants, which is almost three quarters of the community's population. It is divided into (in brackets counting districts with number of buildings / residents, rounded):

  • Bischofshofen-Zentrum , that is the relatively young core town and the station district including Rosental (lowest Mühlbachtal) and the right bank of the valley (old location Steg as a bridgehead; settlement Steggasse , Maximiliansiedlung ), which already belong to the cadastral area Buchberg (001, 004: 440/2800 )
  • the locations in the north on Salzburger Straße (B 159  Salzachtalstraße ) and Salzach including Neue Heimat (001, 003, 008: 300/2900)
  • the Moosberg west - this was formerly the Egelmoos (002, 130/670)
  • and the southeastern and southern locations from Gaisberg to Liebherrwerk near Mitterberghütten, which already belongs to the Haidberg cadastral area (005: 150/750)

The municipalities of Laideregg and Gainfeld to the west of the city also belong to the Bischofshofen cadastral community with around 1560  hectares .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

View of the south end of the train station

The railway, which helped the town to flourish, is still of great importance. In 2003 the modernization of the station was completed. The railway junction is now a modern transfer point; However, due to the austerity measures at ÖBB, it has lost more and more importance since the goods distribution center was given up and the regional connection to Radstadt and the Ennstal was almost entirely relocated to the road. In the course of the station renovation, the city center was also completely redesigned. The main street was relocated and a traffic-calmed shopping street was created in the city center.

Established businesses

  • The largest employer in the city is Liebherr Werk Bischofshofen  GmbH with more than 1100 employees. The Liebherr Group's wheel loaders are manufactured in the Bischofshofen plant.
  • The goods distribution center has now found a new lessee. The company Fit-Log Logistikzentrum Bischofshofen  GmbH offers companies in the region a bundling of the flow of goods and the storage of goods. Another internationally renowned company, which has its Austrian headquarters in Bischofshofen, is the glass manufacturer Pilkington .
  • The internationally active boiler manufacturer Bosch maintains a production plant for large boiler systems in Bischofshofen.
  • Since March 2001 there has also been a project in Bischofshofen that is new to Austria: The Pongau region was selected as part of the Austrian model project Gentle Mobility - Car-Free Tourism with the support of the EU project Alps Mobility to initiate and implement pilot projects for environmentally friendly travel logistics and tourism chains. For this reason, the first tourist mobility center mobilito was founded , based in Bischofshofen, the region's IC / EC rail hub . Together with the other two model communities for soft mobility - Werfenweng and Bad Hofgastein - the mobility center wants to create tourist offers for guests without their own car for the German and European market. The GmbH is owned by the 25 communities in the St. Johann im Pongau district through a regional association.
  • Bischofshofen has recently been u. a. through the KARO shopping center (13,000 m² sales area) - opened on August 29, 2002 - to an economic factor in Pongau.

In addition, tourism and sports activities are of great importance.

Public facilities

In Bischofshofen there is a farm yard, a city library and a senior citizens' home, the new building of which was completed in 2006 when the capacity was doubled.

Charitable institutions

Bischofshofen is the location of a regional center of Caritas Salzburg . The Diakonie operates the integration and education center Bischofshofen.

education

The city is considered a regional school center, there are:

In addition, there are two kindergartens and a day care center in the city.

Culture and sights

The "Buchbergkircherl" on the Buchberg
Stairs at the Gainfeld waterfall

sport and freetime

Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze
  • Skiing: Bischofshofen is internationally known as the venue for the Four Hills Tournament . The final jumping of this series of events takes place on the Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze every year on Epiphany. After the renovation work has been completed, the large hill is also suitable for night and summer and is currently the largest plastic covered hill in the world. In 1999, the large hill competitions were held here as part of the Nordic World Ski Championships .
  • Football: The football department of the Bischofshofen sports club belonged to Austria Salzburg and the SAK 1914 for three decades as one of the three most successful clubs in the state of Salzburg. The greatest successes of the nine-time Salzburg national champions include participation in the national league in the 1970/71 season and reaching the ÖFB Cup quarter-finals in 1965. The football club has recently shown weaker performances.
  • Carnival Association 05 (KV05)
  • Wild Boys '90 represent the strongest teams.
Cycling

A cycling criterion takes place regularly in Bischofshofen .

Leisure area Bischofshofen

In the Au below Kreuzberg is the Bischofshofen recreational area with a soccer field, beach volleyball court, children's play area, spacious playgrounds, the outdoor pool and subsequent allotment area (Maximiliansiedlung) .

  • Minigolf: Another popular recreational opportunity is the minigolf course run by the "Minigolfverein Bischofshofen" in Bischofshofen.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church
  • Ursus (Urso) de Albina (middle of the 8th century), Romanoceltic nobleman, owner of large manors around Bischofshofen, builder (founder) around 746 of a second church
  • Wisint von Pongowe (12th century, attested 1130–1160), knight, pincerna
  • Berthold von Hoven (12th century, attested around 1139), knight, burgrave of Hohenwerfen
  • Rudiger von Hoven (attested around 1150–1155), Ritter, Ministeriale, pincerna
  • Hans Steiner († 1566), rebellious farmer, Protestant
  • Hans and Barbara Riedl (1605), first known health spa, today Graben 13
  • Josef Leitgeb (1897–1952), writer
  • Martin Saller (1903–1965), politician (ÖVP) and farmer
  • Ferdinand Kubitschek (1912–1992), akad. painter
  • Gertrud Mücke (1915–2014), poet from Buchberg, winner of the culture award
  • Karl Steinocher (1920–2013), politician (SPÖ)
  • Anton Wieser , called Toni Wieser (1921–1993), ski jumper
  • Paul Ausserleitner (1925–1952), ski jumper
  • Ferdl Wallner (* 1930), ski jumper, ski jumping trainer and functionary
  • Peter Müller (1934-2005), ski jumper
  • Heinz Oberhummer (1941–2015), physicist
  • Albert Precht (1947–2015), extreme climber, author
  • Maria Elisabeth Prigge (1949–2007), artist
  • Elisabeth Pall , called Lisi Pall (* 1951), former ski racer
  • Helga Embacher (* 1959), historian
  • Patrick Reiter (* 1972), former judoka
  • Hermann Wielandner (1920–1974), politician (SPÖ) and community official

literature

  • Chronicle Bischofshofen , ed. from the municipality of Bischofshofen

Web links

Commons : Bischofshofen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
  2. ^ Rudolf Felzmann : Unterhaching - A home book . 2nd Edition. Unterhaching community, Unterhaching 1988, p. 401 .
  3. ^ Franz Moßhammer . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  4. Hermann Wielandner . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  5. Andreas Mischitz . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  6. Josef Kert . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  7. Herbert Haselsteiner . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  8. Jakob Rohrmoser . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
  9. ^ Caritas Salzburg, Help and Offers, Bischofshofen Regional Center. Retrieved July 21, 2019 .
  10. ^ Diakonie, facilities, IBZ Bischofshofen. Retrieved July 21, 2019 .
  11. Gainfeld waterfall natural monument , bischofshofen.com