Albina (noble family)

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The genealogia of the Albina belong to the Bavarian families of the Agilolfinger period . Its name is derived from the place Albina , today Oberalm near Salzburg. In addition, they were particularly wealthy in the Salzburg area up the Salzach river to Bischofshofen . They are considered to be descendants of the Romans or the Celto Romans ; They carried out important administrative tasks as chancellors for the Agilolfinger and, as literati (= scholars), had the knowledge to create formal, secure and precise documents.

The Albina were among the political actors in the time of Duke Theodo and Odilo . The chaplain Odilos, who had to go into exile with him briefly, was an Ursus ( qui de illa genealogia erat supradictorum hominum de Albina, quis Theodbertus dux tradidit et sancto Maximiliano ad Pongo ). The Breves Notitiae - the list of properties of the Archdiocese of Salzburg from around 800 - name a Tonazan and a Ledi as the first representatives of this family , the first being servus (= servant) of Bishop Rupert , the second being servus of Duke Theodo; in the Notitia Arnonis they are mentioned without a status. It is assumed that the name servus is a deliberate falsification on the part of Salzburg in order to regain the right to own church over the Maximilianszelle . There are different opinions about the donations from the Bavarian Duke and Albina to the Maximilianszelle or to the St. Peter's Monastery , which later led to serious disputes.

Tonazan and Ledi are considered to be the founders of the Maximilianszelle and subsequently occupy the new cell with their relatives. They must also have owned a forest area immediately north of Pass Lueg and were enfeoffed with ducal fiscal assets that their ancestors had also owned ( precariae pro verbo ducis ). A Madalhelm vir nobilis from this family donated a hunting ground to the diocese of Salzburg. At the time of Duke Odilo, a vir nobilis Adalunch is donating possession of Piding to the Maximilianszelle, which makes it obvious that he is related to the Albina family, and he and the Dulcissimus donate properties near Liubilndorf (= Leobendorf near Laufen ) to St. Peter's Abbey. After the founding of Maximilian cell have Ledi and Ursus their nepotes (= nephew) Wernharius and Dulcissimus Bishop Rupert scientific and spiritual formation kommendiert . After this was completed, both asked the bishop to give them half of the goods as beneficium that their relatives ( parentes ) had owned in Oberalm and that were passed on to the Maximilianszelle. Later, the two of them turned to Rupert's successor with the request that these goods be given back to their nepotes , which also happened. This means that three generations of Albina are known in connection with the Maximilian cell.

The priest Ursus receives the Maximilian Chapel (around 744), which was rebuilt after a Slav invasion, from Duke Odilo as a fief and is also his capellanus (= chaplain). A Madelgoz can also be assigned to this family, he is the cancellarius (= chancellor) of Duke Theodo. His son is the presbiter (= priest) Madelhoch . According to the Breves Notitiae, the priest Ursus, with the help of Duke Odilos, built a second church in Oberalm or Puch , with which he wanted to withdraw this half of the Salzburg sphere of influence from Saint Peter, he called a bishop with no official area ( vacans episcopus ) with the name Liüti there, who consecrated this "Church of Discord" (between 746 and 748). “When Bishop Virgil found out, he banned them and called them 'Discordia' (discord) and forbade all priests from celebrating mass there or any other service to God. And so she remained banned as long as Bishop Virgil lived. ”Another hypothesis assumes that the“ Discordia ”church is to be equated with the Church of Our Lady Bischofshofen . Excavations from 1975 under the floor of the current church were able to secure a Carolingian predecessor building and underlying prehistoric and Roman artifacts. In addition, Rupert sent monachos et alios clericos to found the Maximilianszelle , so that it is conceivable that the churches for secular clergy and for monks have been separated.

It can be assumed that this family held the Alpine entrance on the route to Carinthia, which was important in the conflict with the Slavs. In historical research, they are even referred to as ducal "mountain guards" and "milites", meaning that they performed important military and administrative tasks in the Bavarian duchy, which gave them the opportunity to advance in society. Already Bishop Virgil referred to the Albina as geneologia , although they did not belong to the sexes mentioned in the Lex Baiuvariorum . As novels, they presumably also form a link between the Roman Christians who remained in the area and the resumed missionary work under Rupert.

As a result, this gender is no longer detectable.

literature

  • Joachim Jahn : Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages; Vol. 35). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991. ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 .
  • Wilhelm Störmer : Early nobility. Studies on the political leadership in the Frankish-German Empire from the 8th to 11th centuries (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Stuttgart, Hiersemann 1973, ISBN 3-7772-7307-4 .
  • Wilhelm Störmer: Nobility groups in early and high medieval Bavaria (= studies on the Bavarian constitutional and social history). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1972. ISBN 3-7696-9877-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Jahn, 1972, p. 559.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Störmer, 1973, p. 50.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Störmer, 1973, p. 50.
  4. ↑ Joachim Jahn, 1972, p. 246.
  5. ↑ a b Wilhelm Störmer, 1972, p. 139.
  6. ↑ Joachim Jahn, 1991, p. 81f.
  7. ↑ Fritz Losek: Notitia Arnonis and Breves Notitiae. The Salzburg goods registers from around 800: linguistic and historical introduction, text and translation. Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, 1989, p. 115.
  8. ↑ Christine E. Janotta: The development of church and settlement in Bischofshofen. In communications from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , Volume 177, 1977, pp. 73-93
  9. ↑ Joachim Jahn, 1972, p. 235.