New Zealand National Rugby Union Team

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New Zealand
logo
Nickname (s) All blacks
Association New Zealand Rugby (NZR)
Trainer Ian Foster
captain Sam Cane
WR abbreviation NZL
WR rank 2. (88.95 points) (as of March 29, 2021)
home
Away
Most international matches
Richie McCaw (148)
(as of December 7, 2020)
Most Points Scored
Daniel Carter (1598)
(As of December 7, 2020)
Most attempts scored
Doug Howlett (49)
(as of December 7, 2020)
First international game Australia 3:22 New Zealand (August 15, 1903)
AustraliaAustralia New ZealandNew Zealand
Biggest win New Zealand 145-17 Japan (June 4, 1995)
New ZealandNew Zealand JapanJapan
Biggest defeat Australia 28: 7 New Zealand (August 28, 1999) Australia 47:26 New Zealand (August 10, 2019)
AustraliaAustralia New ZealandNew Zealand

AustraliaAustralia New ZealandNew Zealand
World championship
participations: 9/9
Best results: World champions 1987 , 2011 and 2015

The New Zealand national rugby union team represents New Zealand internationally in the sport of rugby union . She is by far better known by her nickname, All Blacks , which is due to the players wearing all black clothing. Rugby Union is New Zealand's national sport and the All Blacks are considered the best team in the world, as they have a positive record against every previous opponent and usually lead the world rankings .

The team is regularly considered the favorite to win the four-year World Cup . So far she has won the title three times ( 1987 , 2011 and 2015 ) and is thus record world champion alongside South Africa . In addition, the All Blacks compete in the Rugby Championship against Argentina , Australia and South Africa every year and are record winners of this tournament.

Rugby Union played an important role in the integration of the Māori into British -influenced New Zealand society, as the sport accommodated the physical abilities of the indigenous people of New Zealand and these were quickly accepted as equal players. Before each of their games, the All Blacks traditionally dance a haka (ritual dance of the Māori) to intimidate the opposing team and motivate themselves.

The team, which appears almost exclusively in black jerseys, has always been one of the best in the world and the country’s central association, New Zealand Rugby (NZR), is one of ten others in the first tier of the World Rugby Association . The national team is currently (December 2020) in third place in the world rugby rankings . In 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 World Rugby named her “Team of the Year”. 18 former players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame .

organization

Map of the New Zealand regional associations and their teams

New Zealand Rugby (NZR, until 2013 New Zealand Rugby Football Union or NZRFU) is responsible for game operations at all levels . The NZRFU was founded on April 16, 1892. In addition to the actual national team, NZR sets up other selection teams. The NZ Schools team is made up of the most talented youngsters who are still of compulsory schooling . The next step on the way to the roster of the All Blacks is the U-20 junior national team, which takes part in the corresponding world championships. In addition to this team, which is composed according to age, there are those that are set up according to special criteria. The Junior All Blacks , despite their name no junior national team, but the age-independent reserve team the All Blacks. If foreign teams are visiting New Zealand , they usually also compete against the New Zealand Maori . To be a member of this team, a player must be at least 1/16 Moral . The Heartland XV team is made up of amateur players. Then there are the All Blacks Sevens , the national team for rugby sevens .

At the national level, clubs only play a local or regional role. Of far greater importance are the 26 regional associations (17 on the North Island and 9 on the South Island ), which each provide a selection team in the Miter 10 Cup professional league or in the semi-professional Heartland Championship . The national championship is superordinated to the international championship Super Rugby , which is held together with teams from Australia and South Africa . Since the seasons overlap only a little, numerous players are used in both leagues.

The NZRU statutes stipulate that players must be under contract with New Zealand teams in the ITM Cup and / or Super Rugby if they want to be part of the All Blacks squad. If a player is involved abroad, he is automatically not eligible to play for the national team. The scheme, which other major rugby nations do not know, is that the best players first few years remain in New Zealand and then resign from the national team in order in the most financially powerful clubs of the English result Aviva Premiership and the French Top 14 play .

story

Introducing rugby to New Zealand

The New Zealand selection of 1884

Rugby was introduced to New Zealand in 1870 by Charles Monro. The son of the then Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives had learned about the game while studying at Christ's College Finchley in London . The first written game in New Zealand took place on May 14, 1870 in Nelson . The first association, the Canterbury Rugby Football Union, was founded in 1879 . The first international games were played in 1882 when the Southern Rugby Union (later New South Wales Rugby Union ) team toured New Zealand. The Australians did not play a national selection, but against various provincial selection teams; they won four games and lost three times. Two years later , New Zealand's first national team traveled abroad. She played against different teams from New South Wales and won all games. A privately organized British team, the later British and Irish Lions , traveled through New Zealand in 1888. There were still no actual test matches , but games against national teams from the provinces.

The first international games

The original All Blacks from 1905
The New Zealand kitten prevails against the English lion (caricature in Punch )

In 1888 and 1889, the New Zealand Natives , a privately sponsored, unofficial and composed almost entirely of Māori team, were the first selection from a British colony to play games in Great Britain . In 1892 the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) was founded. The association initially represented seven provinces. The provincial associations of Canterbury, Otago and Southland did not join until a few years later to protest against the ruling that all members of the NZRFU executive committee had to reside in Wellington (this rule was only abolished in 1986). The first official NZRFU-sanctioned New Zealand team traveled through New South Wales and Queensland in July 1893 . The first test match (international match) in today's sense took place on August 15, 1903 in front of over 30,000 spectators at the Sydney Cricket Ground and ended with a 22: 3 victory for the New Zealanders over Australia .

In 1905 an official New Zealand selection traveled through Great Britain, Ireland , France and California for the first time . During this tour the term All Blacks was born , which is why this team is also known as the Original All Blacks . They played 35 games, including five internationals. The New Zealanders suffered their only defeat in Cardiff against the Welsh national team , otherwise they celebrated victories without exception. With this tour, the New Zealanders established their reputation for being one of the best rugby teams in the world. In 1908 a British selection made up of English and Welsh paid a visit to New Zealand; they lost two games against the All Blacks and reached a draw. With the exception of a two-month tour in 1913 through the western United States and British Columbia , the All Blacks played exclusively against Australia and various provincial teams until after the First World War . In the years 1915 to 1919, international gaming operations were suspended.

Interwar period

The Invincibles : the All Blacks who went undefeated during their European tour in 1924/25
The All Blacks present the Haka in Australia (1932)

After the end of the war, a selection of the New Zealand Army played in England in an international tournament for the King's Cup . The team won the trophy and formed the core group of the All Blacks in the years that followed. The rivalry with South Africa that continues to this day began with the Australasia Tour in 1921 , when the Springboks (as the South African team is commonly called) first came to New Zealand. The international test series, consisting of three encounters, ended evenly with one win, one draw and one defeat. The return visit of the All Blacks followed in 1928, and this series also ended evenly.

After an interruption of almost twenty years, the NZRFU organized a tour to Europe again in 1924 , which included 28 games against clubs and provincial teams as well as four international matches. The team was nicknamed The Invincibles ("The Invincibles") because they did not lose a single game. However, she was denied the chance to achieve the first Grand Slam (victories against all British teams in the same season): Scotland refused to play because the tour had been organized by the English Rugby Football Union . The first truly representative British team, consisting of players from all four parts of the country (now known as the British and Irish Lions ), made a tour to New Zealand in 1930. Although the Lions won the first international game, the All Blacks won after a change of team in the three other games and were able to win the series 3-1. The All Blacks' next European tour followed in 1935/36. Out of 30 games played, they only lost three, including two international matches. For the first time the rugby motherland England managed to win against New Zealand, thanks to two successful attempts by the emigrated Russian prince Alexander Obolenski .

When the South Africans visited New Zealand in 1937 , they won the international series 2-1. The All Blacks won the first test match , but lost the two that followed. As a result, South Africa's 1937 team has often been called the best to have ever played in New Zealand. In the years 1939 to 1945, the All Blacks could not play a single game again because of the Second World War .

1940s to 1970s

The next major tour outside of Oceania followed in 1949 when the All Blacks were visiting South Africa . Although the four test matches all ended with a close result, the New Zealanders suffered four defeats - one of the worst performances in the history of the All Blacks to date. At the same time, the Australians were traveling through New Zealand because the Māori had to stay at home due to the provisions of apartheid policy and formed their own team with reserve players. Thus the South Africans played exclusively against Pākehā (New Zealanders of European origin). The restriction on non-white New Zealand players remained in force until before the 1970 tour , when four players of Moro and Samoan origins were allowed to travel to South Africa as "honorary whites". On the afternoon of September 3rd (New Zealand time) the Māori team lost 3: 9 to the Australians in Auckland . On the same afternoon (South African time) the first team lost 6:11 to South Africa in Durban . 1949 is considered an "annus horribilis" for the All Blacks, as all six international matches were lost and Australia won the Bledisloe Cup for the first time . As a result of the series of defeats, the NZRFU decided to join forces in the future and not let a second team play at the same time.

When the South Africans visited New Zealand in 1956 , the All Blacks took revenge: They won three of the four internationals and were able to win the series for the first time. The 3-1 success in the international series against the British and Irish Lions in 1959 turned out to be the beginning of a particularly successful phase. During the 1960s, the All Blacks dominated the British teams almost at will. On their European tour in 1963/64 , they narrowly missed the Grand Slam : After international victories against Ireland, Wales and England, a pointless draw against Scotland followed. The only defeat on this tour they had to accept on October 30, 1963 against the Welsh club Newport RFC . Another chance to make the Grand Slam came on the European tour in 1967 . But after three games won, the encounter against Ireland had to be canceled due to an outbreak of foot and mouth disease . From 1965 to 1970, the All Blacks remained unbeaten in all 17 international matches, which was the longest winning streak at the time; this record was equalized by South Africa in 1998 and exceeded by Lithuania in 2010 .

When the Lions visited New Zealand in 1966, the All Blacks lost them four times. In 1971 the Lions returned to New Zealand and won the international series with 2-1 wins (there was also a draw). To date, this is the only series that the British were able to win in New Zealand. In 1972/73 the All Blacks undertook a 32-game tour of Europe . Again the attempt to achieve a Grand Slam against the four national teams of the British Isles failed because Ireland wrested a draw from the All Blacks. The early return home of the player Keith Murdoch, who is said to have been involved in a fight at a victory celebration in Cardiff , made headlines .

In 1978, the Grand Slam endeavors were finally successful when the All Blacks were able to defeat all British teams. The game against Wales, which ended at 13:12, was only decided in the last minute of the game after the referee had called a controversial penalty shot. The All Blacks suffered their only defeat during this tour against a provincial team when they lost 0:12 to the Munster Rugby team in Limerick . Munster's sensational success inspired Irish theater director John Breen to write Alone It Stands .

Controversy

Announcement of a meeting of the Citizens All Black Tour Association (1959). The association demanded that the team not be put together on the basis of apartheid criteria before the games against South Africa.
Police outside Eden Park before an All Blacks game during the 1981 Springbok tour

From a purely sporting point of view, the 24-game tour to South Africa in 1976 was not very successful: The All Blacks lost three games against provincial teams and also three of the four international games against the Springboks . The tour had a far greater impact on a political level. Because of the South African apartheid policy, numerous Māori refused to play there. Since the beginning of the 1960s, public protests and political pressure had repeatedly tried to persuade the NZRFU either not to nominate any Māori at all or to forego games in South Africa entirely. While Prime Minister Norman Kirk banned a tour of the All Blacks in 1973, his successor Robert Muldoon gave permission to do so.

This controversial decision resulted in protests from numerous African states who ultimately demanded the exclusion of New Zealand from the 1976 Summer Olympics . The International Olympic Committee did not respond on the grounds that rugby union was not an Olympic sport. As a result, 28 predominantly African countries boycotted the Games in Montreal . In response to this controversial tour, the governments of the Commonwealth of Nations signed the Gleneagles Agreement in 1977 , which outlawed sporting ties with South Africa.

The Springboks' New Zealand tour in 1981 was even more controversial . From the end of July to mid-September, the South Africans invited by the NZRFU played 17 games, including three test matches against the All Blacks. The tour met with criticism long before that. Many condemned it as supporting white rule in South Africa, while others pointed to strained relations with the Māori in their own country. Again Muldoon refused to interfere. He took the position that politics should not interfere in sport. The games were well attended, but there were sometimes violent protests in numerous cities. In Hamilton , 350 demonstrators tore down the barriers, stormed the field and forced the game to be abandoned. A game also had to be canceled in Timaru and street battles broke out several times in Wellington. During the last game in Auckland , a low-flying plane made sacks of flour, leaflets and a banner in honor of Steve Biko were dropped onto the pitch in Eden Park .

In 1985 the NZRFU planned a tour to South Africa. Two lawyers filed a lawsuit, arguing that this was a violation of the association's statutes. The Court of Appeal then banned this tour from taking place. Numerous players who referred to themselves as The Cavaliers ("the Cavaliers") did not adhere to the ban and in 1986 organized an unofficial tour to South Africa . After their return, they were punished by the association with several months of game bans. It was not until 1992, after the end of apartheid, that the international matches between New Zealand and South Africa took place again.

The first world championships

The Webb Ellis Cup , the World Cup trophy

In 1987 New Zealand and Australia jointly hosted the first Rugby Union World Cup . The All Blacks lived up to their clear favorite role. After three clear wins in group 1 against Italy , Fiji and Argentina , they defeated Scotland in the quarter-finals and Wales in the semi-finals just as clearly. They won the final at Eden Park in Auckland against France 29: 9. In six games they scored 43 attempts and only had to accept 52 points.

The All Blacks' superiority was also evident during the 1988 tour in Australia, when the team remained undefeated (twelve wins and one draw). Things went even better in 1989 when the All Blacks won all 19 games played (including seven internationals). In August 1990 they lost a game against Australia for the first time in four years.

At the 1991 World Cup , the team was considered obsolete. Although she won all three preliminary round matches, it was difficult to assert herself against England and Italy. After defeating Canada in the quarterfinals, the All Blacks lost the semifinals at Lansdowne Road in Dublin against eventual world champions Australia 6:16. They secured third place against Scotland. After the end of this world championship, there were numerous resignations. The significantly younger team did not play at the usual high level for the time being and lost two home games in a row against France in 1994.

The 1995 World Cup took place in South Africa, and again the All Blacks were favorites. They confirmed this favorite role with victories against Ireland and Wales in the preliminary round. Japan was beaten 145-17, which is the All Blacks' clearest victory to date. After beating Scotland in the quarter-finals, they also lived up to their advance praise in the semi-finals, when they beat England 45:29. Two days before the final, a large part of the team was suffering from gastroenteritis . The weakened New Zealanders finally lost with 12:15 after extra time against the hosts South Africa. Coach Laurie Mains claimed that a mysterious waitress named "Suzie" added herbs to the players' drinks that would cause the same symptoms as food poisoning.

Beginning of professionalism

France against the All Blacks at the Stade de France , Saint-Denis , 2002

In August 1995 the International Rugby Board decided to open rugby union to professional players in order to counter the increasing enticement of good players by financially strong rugby league clubs. In the same year, the associations of South Africa, New Zealand and Australia founded the SANZAR consortium to sell television broadcasting rights for two new competitions, the international league Super 12 (now Super Rugby ) and the Tri-Nations tournament (now The Rugby Championship ). With the new competitions running out of time for months of overseas tours, this tradition of the amateur era quickly came to an end.

The first edition of Tri Nations in 1996 was won by the All Blacks. This success also had a special historical significance. For the first time ever, the New Zealanders had managed to win an international series in South Africa. Captain Sean Fitzpatrick rated this success higher than winning the world title, in which he had also been involved. The All Blacks won all games at Tri Nations in 1997 and defended the title. In 1998, however, all four games were lost. It was the first time since 1949 that the All Blacks had to leave the field as losers four times in a row. On August 28, 1999 they lost in Sydney with 7:28 against Australia, synonymous with the highest defeat to date.

Just under a month later, the All Blacks were able to catch up again during the 1999 World Cup in Wales. They dominated their preliminary group almost at will and won against Tonga , England and Italy. After beating Scotland in the quarter-finals, the All Blacks faced France in the semi-finals. After the end of the first half they were 17:10 ahead, but the French were surprisingly the better team in the second half and won 43:31. In the game for third place, the All Blacks were also subject to South Africa.

In 2000 and 2001, the All Blacks finished second in the Tri-Nations tournament, and in the two following years they won the tournament. After the Tri-Nations successes, the New Zealanders were again considered favorites for the world championship title in the run-up to the 2003 World Cup in Australia. The preliminary round opponents Italy, Canada and Tonga had no chance, only Wales was able to resist for a long time, albeit ultimately without success. After a clear quarter-final victory over South Africa, the All Blacks met reigning world champions Australia in the semifinals. New Zealand lost the game 10:22, the victory in the game for 3rd place against France was of little importance.

The Henry / Hansen era

The All Blacks versus England (2006)

Under the new coach Graham Henry , the All Blacks celebrated two clear home wins against the new world champion England in June 2004, but the Tri-Nations tournament in the same year they finished in last place. In 2005 the British and Irish Lions toured New Zealand. The All Blacks decided the international series 3-0, won the Tri-Nations tournament in 2005 and managed the first Grand Slam against the national teams of the British Isles since 1978. The All Blacks were named "Team of the Year" by the International Rugby Board , Graham Henry was named “Coach of the Year” and Daniel Carter was named “Player of the Year”. The All Blacks were nominated for “Team of the Year” at the Laureus World Sports Awards 2006 because of their outstanding performance . The series of successes continued in the following year. After a clear tournament victory at Tri Nations in 2006 , clear victories against France, England and Wales followed at the end of the year. The All Blacks expanded their supremacy and were consequently again honored by the IRB as best "Team of the Year", while Richie McCaw received the award as "Player of the Year".

Also in 2007 the All Blacks were nominated as “Team of the Year” at the Laureus World Sports Awards. After they had won the Tri-Nations tournament, they were again the most-mentioned favorites in the run-up to the 2007 World Cup , which they underlined with two clear victories in preparation games against the French. At the World Cup taking place in France, the All Blacks dominated their preliminary round group at will, with clear successes against Italy, Portugal , Romania and Scotland (each with a difference of over 40 points). In the quarterfinals they surprisingly failed with 18:20 to France; this was synonymous with their worst World Cup result ever. Despite this failure, the NZRFU extended Henry's coaching contract, which met with various public criticism.

At Tri Nations 2008 won the tournament again. However, the All Blacks suffered a 28:30 defeat in Dunedin , which ended a 30-game unbeaten home game. The 2009 season began with a 22:27 home defeat to France, also in Dunedin. A 14:10 victory followed a week later in Wellington, but due to the difference in points, the New Zealanders had to surrender the Dave Gallaher Trophy for the first time . They finished the Tri-Nations tournament in second place due to two defeats against South Africa. They took revenge at Tri Nations 2010 with three wins against South Africa, and they also remained unbeaten in three encounters against Australia.

Victory celebration after the 2011 World Cup final against France

The All Blacks finished the 2011 Tri-Nations tournament in second place behind Australia. Since they clearly led the world rankings, they were still considered the most popular favorites for the World Cup before the 2011 World Cup in their own country. As expected, they clearly prevailed in group A and were group winners after victories against Tonga, Japan, France and Canada. In the quarter-finals they beat Argentina 33:10, in the semi-finals Australia 20: 6. The World Cup final on October 23, 2011 in Auckland's Eden Park was very even. In the end, the All Blacks prevailed just 8: 7 against France and were thus able to celebrate as world champions for the second time since 1987.

After the World Cup, Graham Henry resigned and the NZRFU appointed his previous assistant Steve Hansen as the new national coach. In 2012 Tri Nations was expanded with the addition of Argentina to the Rugby Championship . The All Blacks won the first tournament in the new format with six wins in as many games. During the year they were undefeated, with the exception of the last away game against England, which they lost 21:38. In 2013, the New Zealanders welcomed France to a series of three internationals, all of which ended with an All Blacks victory. They also remained undefeated at the 2013 Rugby Championship . In November 2013, New Zealand became the first nation in the professional era to have a 100% success rate in a calendar year.

Reception of the All Blacks in New Zealand after their victory in the 2015 World Cup final

During the Rugby Championship 2014 , the All Blacks drew away from Australia and lost to South Africa, but won the tournament after winning the other four games. The shortened Rugby Championship 2015 finished the All Blacks after a defeat against Australia in second place. However, they managed to defend the trophy in the second leg of the Bledisloe Cup against the Wallabies. At the 2015 World Cup , after a sovereign preliminary round with victories against Argentina , Namibia , Tonga and Georgia in the quarter-finals , the All Blacks defeated the feared opponent from France with 62:13 points, the largest point difference in qualifying games at a World Cup. In the semifinals, the team beat the South African "Springboks" by 20:18, in the final against the "Wallabies" with 34:17. New Zealand was the first team to defend a world championship title and became the sole record world champion with their third world title win.

Scrum Between the All Blacks and the British and Irish Lions (2017)

The All Blacks under their new captain Kieran Read remained undefeated during the Rugby Championship 2016 and scored a bonus point win in every game. At the End-of-Year Internationals 2016 , the All Blacks lost a test match against Ireland for the first time in 111 years when they lost 29:40 at Chicago's Soldier Field . New Zealand, however, managed to get their revenge when the All Blacks won the second leg in Dublin 21-9 a week later. In 2017 the British and Irish Lions made their second New Zealand tour in the professional era. The test series ended in a draw. The All Blacks won the first test match by 30:15, the Lions the second by 24:21 and the last test match ended in a 15:15 tie. The draw of the Lions tour, together with the loss to Ireland the year before, indicated some newspaper reports that the All Blacks were weakening and that the teams from the Northern Hemisphere were catching up. In contrast, the All Blacks won the Rugby Championship 2017 undefeated and also defended the Bledisloe Cup after beating Australia both times. At the start of the 2018 season, the All Blacks won the test series against the visiting French 3-0 and they defended the Bledisloe Cup against Australia at the start of the 2018 Rugby Championship . After that, the All Blacks clearly defeated the Pumas, but lost to the Springboks at home in Wellington for the first time since 2009, albeit very close with 34:36. During the end-of-year Internationals 2018 , the All Blacks only managed a narrow win against England (16:15), followed by their second loss to Ireland.

During the shortened Rugby Championship 2019 , New Zealand only finished third, the worst performance since Argentina joined in 2012; the last time New Zealand finished third (and last at the time) during the Tri Nations 2004. During the tournament, the All Blacks did not get beyond a draw against the Springboks, which was followed by a record defeat against the Wallabies (26:47). Nevertheless, the All Blacks managed to defend the Bledisloe Cup after winning the second leg against Australia 36-0. The start of the 2019 World Cup against the Springboks was touted in advance as the highlight of the preliminary round. The All Blacks prevailed with 23:13. This was followed by victories against Canada and Namibia , while the last group game against Italy had to be canceled due to the Hagibis typhoon . After beating Ireland in the quarter-finals, the All Blacks lost 7:19 to England in the semi-finals. A title hat-trick was therefore not possible and the New Zealanders' last game was the third place against Wales. It was the last game as coach for both Steve Hansen and Warren Gatland , so both teams wanted to say goodbye to their coach. The All Blacks did better and won 40:17.

The nickname "All Blacks"

Billy Wallace, the last surviving Original All Blacks player from 1905/06, said in an interview in 1955 that a journalist for the Daily Mail had called the New Zealanders "all backs" after the game against Hartlepool. He meant that the usually heavy and tall players in the front team ( forwards ) were, in contrast to their opponents, fast and agile and were just as good at passing as the back team ( backs ). So they would all play like the back team (“as if they were all backs”). Wallace also claimed that because of a typographical error in an article ahead of the next game against Somerset, the team was subsequently referred to as "All Blacks" by viewers and the media.

Wallace's account is largely rejected today, as not a single English newspaper can be found from the period 1905/06 that writes about "All Backs" (without l). The term "All Blacks" (with l) actually appeared for the first time after the encounter with Hartlepool in a match report in the regional newspaper Northern Daily Mail , which was subsequently taken over by the national edition of the Daily Mail. The author of this article is J. A. Buttery, rugby correspondent for the Daily Mail during the New Zealand Tour, who nicknamed the team's all-black (with the exception of the silver fern ) team uniforms.

Playing clothes

The jersey used by the All Blacks between 1999 and 2011
Shirt of the Original All Blacks from 1905

The current jersey of the All Blacks is completely black - with the exception of the logo of the official jersey sponsor Adidas , the stylized silver fern (logo of the NZRU) and the logo of the association sponsor AIG on the front and the number on the back (all in white). On their first trip abroad, the 1884 tour to Australia, New Zealand rugby players wore uniforms that are very different from today's. It consisted of a dark blue shirt with a gold fern on the left front. In 1893, the NZRFU decided at its annual general assembly that in future the playing attire should consist of a black shirt with silver fern and white knickerbockers . However, photos from that era suggest that white shorts were worn instead. Sometime after 1897 there was a change when in 1901 the team competed against New South Wales in black collared canvas shirts, black shorts and black socks.

Since 2000, the All Blacks have been wearing shirts with a red poppy embroidered on the right sleeve at games in France in November. This is to commemorate the soldiers of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps who died on the battlefields of Europe during the First World War . It is extremely rare that the All Blacks do not appear in black in away games, usually in games against teams that also wear dark uniforms (such as the Scottish dark blue). In 2006 the white shirt previously used in such cases was exchanged for a gray one, and three years later they returned to the usual white.

The haka

The All Blacks do the haka (before a game against France in November 2006)

Before each international match, the All Blacks perform the haka , a ritual dance of the Māori to intimidate their opponents and to motivate themselves. The haka is often described as a challenge to combat. The haka has been an integral part of New Zealand rugby since the New Zealand Natives tour of 1888/89. The natives danced the Haka Ake Ake Kia Kaha , the team touring Australia in 1903 the mocking Haka Tupoto koe, Kangaru! The tradition of today's most famous haka with the title Ka Mate - composed at the beginning of the 19th century by Te Rauparaha , the tribal leader of the Ngāti Toa - founded the All Blacks in 1905. The All Blacks of 1924 used the specially composed Haka Ko Niu Tireni , but then returned to Ka Mate . The haka was traditionally performed abroad until 1986, in New Zealand itself regularly from the 1987 World Cup . However, it had to be practiced in order to achieve a previously lacking level of rhythmic accuracy and intensity. The players Wayne Shelford and Hika Reid played a key role in this.

Before a Tri-Nations game against South Africa on August 28, 2005 in Dunedin , the All Blacks performed the completely new Haka Kapa o Pango . This was composed "to emphasize the multicultural composition of the New Zealand population, in particular the growing influence of the Polynesians ". The new Haka is only performed on special occasions and is not intended to replace Ka Mate . Kapa o Pango ends with a controversial gesture of "cutting the neck" directed at the opposing team. This led to allegations that the new Haka was calling for violence and sending the wrong signal to fans. A commission of experts appointed by the NZRFU concluded that the gesture has a completely different meaning in the Māori culture. According to composer Derek Lardelli, it stands for drawing vital energy into the heart and lungs.

Stages

Eden Park in Auckland
Location of New Zealand stadiums used for test matches

As in the rugby nations of Argentina, Australia, France and South Africa, there is no official “national stadium” in New Zealand, rather the All Blacks play their home games in numerous different locations in New Zealand. The Eden Park in Auckland , the Wellington Regional Stadium in Wellington and the Waikato Stadium in Hamilton are particularly popular .

Before Westpac Stadium was built in 1999, Athletic Park was Wellington's traditional venue. The All Blacks' first home game against Great Britain was played there on August 13, 1904. The first game outside of the Auckland, Christchurch , Dunedin and Wellington metropolitan areas took place on June 7, 1996 at McLean Park in Napier . The venue for the finals of the 1987 and 2011 World Championships was Eden Park.

With a view to the Rugby Union World Cup 2011 , the capacity of the Eden Park and the AMI Stadium in Christchurch has been increased significantly. As an alternative to the extension of Eden Park, the New Zealand government had proposed the construction of a national stadium at the old port of Auckland. This venture met with opposition from the Auckland city and region authorities and was dropped in late November 2006. Carisbrook , the traditional venue in Dunedin, was replaced by Forsyth Barr Stadium in 2011 . The Christchurch earthquake of February 2011 caused great damage to AMI Park, which is why the World Cup games planned there had to be moved to other locations.

player

Current squad

The following players will make up the roster during the 2021 Rugby Championship :

Back line (backs)

player position Association / Province International matches
TJ Perenara Half of the crowd NTT Red Hurricanes / Wellington 069
Aaron Smith Half of the crowd Highlanders / Manawatu 100
Brad Weber Half of the crowd Chiefs / Hawke's Bay 010
Beauden Barrett Interconnects Tokyo Sungoliath / Taranaki 092
Richie Mo'unga Interconnects Crusaders / Canterbury 025th
Braydon Ennor Inner three-quarters Crusaders / Canterbury 001
David Havili Inner three-quarters Crusaders / Tasman 006th
Rieko Ioane Inner three-quarters Blues / Auckland 038
Anton Lienert-Brown Inner three-quarters Chiefs / Waikato 051
Quinn Tupaea Inner three-quarters Chiefs / Waikato 001
George Bridge Outer three quarters Crusaders / Canterbury 012th
Will Jordan Outer three quarters Crusaders / Tasman 005
Sevu Reece Outer three quarters Crusaders / Tasman 011
Jordie Barrett Goalkeeper Hurricanes / Taranaki 026th
Damian McKenzie Goalkeeper Chiefs / Waikato 031

Striker (forwards)

player position Association / Province International matches
Asafo Aumua hooker Hurricanes / Wellington 002
Dane Coles hooker Hurricanes / Wellington 076
Samisoni Taukei'aho hooker Chiefs / Waikato 002
Codie Taylor hooker Crusaders / Canterbury 059
George Bower pier Crusaders / Otago 003
Nepo Laulala pier Blues / Counties Manukau 032
Tyrel Lomax pier Highlanders / Tasman 001
Joe Moody pier Crusaders / Canterbury 050
Angus Ta'avao pier Chiefs / Auckland 017th
Karl Tu'inukuafe pier Blues / North Harbor 019th
Ofa Tu'ungafasi pier Blues / Auckland 039
Scott Barrett Second row striker Crusaders / Taranaki 042
Brodie Retallick Second row striker Kobelco Steelers / Hawke's Bay 084
Patrick Tuipoluto Second row striker Blues / Auckland 039
Tupou Vaa'i Second row striker Chiefs / Taranaki 004th
Sam Whitelock (C)Captain of the crew Second row striker Crusaders / Canterbury 126
Ethan Blackadder Winger Crusaders / Tasman 002
Shannon Frizell Winger Highlanders / Tasman 014th
Akira Ioane Winger Blues / Auckland 005
Luke Jacobson Winger Chiefs / Waikato 006th
Dalton Papalii Winger Blues / Counties Manukau 006th
Ardie Savea Winger Hurricanes / Wellington 051
Hoskins Sotutu Winger Blues / Counties Manukau 006th

Outstanding players

Dave Gallaher (1905)
Colin Meads (1956)
Jonah Lomu (2004)

Eighteen former All Blacks players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame for their outstanding performance .

player position recording
Fred Allen Interconnects 2014
Don Clarke Goalkeeper 2014
Grant Fox Interconnects 2014
Sean Fitzpatrick hooker 2014
David Gallaher Winger 2010
Michael Jones Winger , number eight 2014
David Kirk Half of the crowd 2011
Ian Kirkpatrick Winger 2014
John Kirwan Outer three quarters 2014
Brian Lochore Number eight , second row striker 2011
Jonah Lomu Outer three quarters 2011
Richie McCaw Winger 2019
Colin Meads Second row striker , number eight 2014
Graham Mourie Winger 2014
George Nepia Goalkeeper 2014
Joe Warbrick Goalkeeper 2008
Wilson Whineray pier 2007
Bryan Williams Outside three quarters , inside three quarters , goalkeeper 2018

World champion trainer Graham Henry and the New Zealand Natives team were also inducted into the Hall of Fame . 14 players are two-time world champions: Daniel Carter , Ben Franks , Owen Franks , Jerome Kaino , Richie McCaw , Keven Mealamu , Ma'a Nonu , Kieran Read , Colin Slade , Conrad Smith , Victor Vito , Sam Whitelock , Sonny Bill Williams and Tony Woodcock (all 2011 and 2015). World Rugby named five All Blacks Player of the Year: Daniel Carter (2005, 2012 and 2015), Richie McCaw (2006, 2009 and 2010), Kieran Read (2013), Brodie Retallick (2014) and Beauden Barrett (2016 and 2017).

Records

Kieran Read (2011)
Richie McCaw (2016)
Daniel Carter (2019)

Below are the key stats affecting All Blacks players. The players marked with * are still active and can continue to improve. The difference between the total number of games played (matches) and the international games against other national teams (tests) can be explained by the fact that in the period before the introduction of the World Cup, the All Blacks played far more games against clubs or regional teams than is usual today.

(As of December 2020)

Most international matches (tests) :

rank Surname period Games
01 Richie McCaw 2001-2015 148
02 Keven Mealamu 2002-2015 132
03 Kieran Read 2008-2019 127
04th Sam Whitelock * 2010-2020 122
04th Tony Woodcock 2002-2015 118
06th Daniel Carter 2003-2015 112
07th Owen Franks 2009-2019 108
08th Ma'a Nonu 2003-2015 103
09 Mils Muliaina 2003-2011 100
10 Aaron Smith * 2012-2020 097

Most games (matches) :

rank Surname period Games
01 Richie McCaw 2001-2015 149
02 Colin Meads 1957-1971 133
Keven Mealamu 2002-2015
04th Sean Fitzpatrick 1986-1997 128
Kieran Read 2008-2019
06th Sam Whitelock 2010-2020 122
07th Tony Woodcock 2002-2015 118
08th Andy Haden 1972-1985 117
09 Ian Kirkpatrick 1967-1977 113
Bryan Williams 1970-1988
Most scored points:
rank Surname period Points Verse. Increase Pen. Drops
01 Daniel Carter 2003-2015 1598 29 293 281 08th
02 Andrew Mehrtens 1995-2004 0967 07th 169 168 10
03 Beauden Barrett * 2012– 0649 36 149 55 02
04th Grant Fox 1985-1993 0645 01 118 128 07th
05 Aaron Cruden 2010-2017 0322 05 63 56 01
06th Carlos Spencer 1997-2004 0291 14th 49 41 00
07th Doug Howlett 2000-2007 0245 49 00 00 00
08th Christian Cullen 1996-2002 0236 46 03 00 00
09 Jeff Wilson 1993-2001 0234 44 01 03 01
010 Joe Rocococo 2003-2010 0230 46 00 00 00

Most attempts achieved :

rank Surname period try
01 Doug Howlett 2000-2007 49
02 Christian Cullen 1996-2002 46
Joe Rocococo 2003-2010
Julian Savea 2012-2017
05 Jeff Wilson 1993-2001 44
06th Ben Smith 2012-2019 39
07th Jonah Lomu 1995-2002 37
08th Beauden Barrett * 2012– 36
Tana Umaga 1997-2005
10 John Kirwan 1985-1994 35

Trainer

Wayne Smith (2012)
Graham Henry (2012)
Steve Hansen (2020)

Since the definition and role of the coaches of the All Blacks varied greatly until the tour to South Africa in 1949, the following table only includes coaches who have been employed since then.

As of December 7, 2020

Surname years Games Victories Unent. Ndlg. Wins in%
Alex McDonald 1949 4th 0 0 4th 0
Tom Morrison 1950, 1955-56 12th 8th 1 3 66.7
Len Clode 1951 3 3 0 0 100
Arthur Marslin 1953-1954 5 3 0 2 60
Dick Everest 1957 2 2 0 0 100
Jack Sullivan 1958-1960 11 6th 1 4th 54.5
Neil McPhail 1961-1965 20th 16 2 2 80
Ron Bush 1962 2 2 0 0 100
Fred Allen 1966-1968 14th 14th 0 0 100
Ivan Vodanovich 1969-1971 10 4th 1 5 40
Bob Duff 1972-1973 8th 6th 1 1 75
John Stewart 1974-1976 11 6th 1 4th 54.5
Jack Gleeson 1977-1988 13 10 0 3 76.9
Eric Watson 1979-1980 9 5 0 4th 55.5
Peter Burke 1981-1982 11 9 0 2 81.8
Bryce Rope 1983-1984 12th 9 1 2 75
Sir Brian Lochore 1985-1987 18th 14th 1 3 77.7
Alex Wyllie 1988-1991 29 25th 1 3 86.2
Laurie Mains 1992-1995 34 23 1 10 67.6
John Hart 1996-1999 41 31 1 9 75.6
Wayne Smith 2000-2001 17th 12th 0 5 70.5
John Mitchell 2002-2003 28 23 1 4th 82.1
Sir Graham Henry 2004-2011 103 88 0 15th 85.4
Steve Hansen 2012-2019 107 93 4th 10 86.9
Ian Foster since 2020 6th 3 1 2 50

successes

New Zealand's position in the world rugby rankings since October 10, 2003

The All Blacks have a positive record against every national team they have played against. They won 460 of the 597 test matches played (international matches), which corresponds to a success rate of 77.05%. This makes the All Blacks the most successful national team in the world. Three teams that have been classified in the first class by the World Rugby Federation have never won against New Zealand ( Italy , Japan and Scotland ). New Zealand had the worst win rate against South Africa (59.79%). The All Blacks have never competed against national teams from German-speaking countries because of the great difference in playing strength. Since the introduction of the world rankings in October 2003, New Zealand has been in first position for most of the time. New Zealand's statistics of the test matches against all nations, in alphabetical order, are as follows (as of December 2020):

country Games Won undecided
eliminated 		Lost % Victories
ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 31 29 1 1 93.55
AustraliaAustralia Australia 170 117 8th 45 68.82
British and Irish Lions British and Irish Lions 41 30th 4th 7th 73.17
EnglandEngland England 42 33 1 8th 78.57
FijiFiji Fiji 5 5 0 0 100
FranceFrance France 61 48 1 12th 78.69
GeorgiaGeorgia Georgia 1 1 0 0 100
IrelandIreland Ireland 32 29 1 2 90.63
ItalyItaly Italy 14th 14th 0 0 100
JapanJapan Japan 4th 4th 0 0 100
CanadaCanada Canada 6th 6th 0 0 100
NamibiaNamibia Namibia 2 2 0 0 100
Pacific Islanders Pacific Islanders 1 1 0 0 100
PortugalPortugal Portugal 1 1 0 0 100
RomaniaRomania Romania 2 2 0 0 100
SamoaSamoa Samoa 7th 7th 0 0 100
ScotlandScotland Scotland 31 29 2 0 93.55
South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa 99 59 4th 36 59.60
TongaTonga Tonga 6th 6th 0 0 100
United StatesUnited States United States 3 3 0 0 100
Wales Wales 35 32 0 3 91.43
World XV 3 2 0 1 66.67
Total 597 460 22nd 115 77.05

Not included are games against various national teams as part of the overseas tours of the amateur era and the matches with the New South Wales Waratahs (1920–1928), which are not officially recognized by New Zealand Rugby . Encounters with the Barbarians are also not recognized as test matches by New Zealand Rugby.

World Championship

New Zealand received the Webb Ellis Cup in 1987, 2011 and 2015

Although the All Blacks are always among the most popular favorites, they have only received the Webb Ellis Cup , the trophy of the four-year Rugby Union World Cup , three times: the first in 1987 in New Zealand and Australia, and the seventh 2011 in his own country and 2015 in England. This makes the All Blacks the first rugby team to defend the title. In 1991 they lost the semi-finals against Australia, in 1995 the final against hosts South Africa. The second worst result was fourth place in 1999 . In 2003 they lost again in the semifinals against Australia. They achieved their worst result in 2007 , when they were eliminated in the quarter-finals against France. New Zealand hosted the 2011 World Cup and won the trophy in the final where the team beat France 8: 7. In 2015 the All Blacks won the World Cup again, in the final they defeated Australia 34:17.

The All Blacks hold several world championship records: most game points in a single game (145 against Japan at the 1995 World Cup), most game points in all world championships (1,384), most tries (35) and total raises (137). Several New Zealand players are also record holders: Jonah Lomu scored the most attempts overall (15), Sean Fitzpatrick completed the most World Cup games (17 between 1987 and 1995), Marc Ellis scored the most attempts in a single game (6 against Japan a year 1995) and Grant Fox holds the record for the most game points during a tournament (126 in 1987).

Tri Nations / Rugby Championship

Australia and New Zealand have been playing for the Bledisloe Cup since 1931

The only annual tournament of the All Blacks is the Rugby Championship , which has been held since 1996 (until 2011 under the name Tri Nations ) against Australia , South Africa and (since 2012) Argentina . With 17 tournament wins (1996, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2005–2008, 2010, 2012–2014, 2016–2018 and 2020), the All Blacks are well ahead of their opponents. As part of the rugby championship, the All Blacks play against Australia for the Bledisloe Cup (since 1931) and against South Africa for the Freedom Cup (since 2004).

Team statistics at the Tri Nations (1996 to 2011, 2020)
country Games Victories Unent. Ndlg. Game
points 		Diff. Bonus
points 		Table
points 		title
New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand 76 52 0 24     2054: 1449     + 605 35 243 11
AustraliaAustralia Australia 76 30th 3 43     1591: 1817     - 226 34 160 03
South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa 72 28 1 43     1480: 1831     - 351 24 138 03
ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 4th 1 2 1     56:84     - 28 0 8th 00


Team statistics at the Rugby Championship (since 2012)
country Games Victories Unent. Ndlg. Game
points 		Diff. Bonus
points 		Table
points 		title
New ZealandNew Zealand New Zealand 42 36 2 4th 1423: 751 + 672 26th 174 06th
South AfricaSouth Africa South Africa 42 19th 4th 19th 1048: 974 + 74 19th 103 01
AustraliaAustralia Australia 42 19th 3 20th 952: 1088 - 136 9 91 01
ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 42 5 1 36 766: 1376 - 610 11 33 00


The points are calculated as follows: 4 points for a win, 2 points for a tie, 0 points for a defeat (before possible bonus points), 1 bonus point for four or more successful attempts , 1 bonus point for a defeat with less than seven points difference .

More test matches

During the amateur era, the All Blacks toured abroad for months to compete against other national teams as well as against regional selections and club teams. They have also hosted national teams touring New Zealand. South Africa has managed a Grand Slam four times , that is, one victory each against the Home Nations England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales during the same tour (this applies to the tours of 1978, 2005, 2008 and 2010). The tours according to old tradition came to a standstill around the year 2000. Today there are two time slots available every year for test matches against teams from the northern hemisphere. At the Mid-year Internationals in June, teams from Europe come to New Zealand, at the End-of-year Internationals in November, New Zealanders come to Europe.

One of the most traditional competitions in rugby union is that for the Bledisloe Cup . It has been played between Australia and New Zealand since 1932, and since 1996 as part of the Tri Nations and Rugby Championship. Also part of Tri Nations since 2004 is the biannual competition with South Africa for the Freedom Cup . Since 2000, New Zealand has also been playing against France for the Dave Gallaher Trophy (named after David "Dave" Gallaher , the captain of the " Original All Blacks " from 1905/06, who died in France during the First World War ) and so far only had to win the trophy in 2009 hand over. Since 2008 New Zealand has been playing against England for the Hillary Shield (named after Edmund Hillary , who died in 2008), which the All Blacks only had to surrender in 2012.

Rivalry with the Springboks

The test match between the All Blacks and the Springboks in Auckland in 1981 took place behind barbed wire and was accompanied by protests

Since they first met in New Zealand in 1921 , there has been a great rivalry between the Springboks and the All Blacks, considered to be the best two national rugby union teams in the world. Even then, both teams were considered the best in the world, which was also confirmed by the undecided outcome of the first series of tests. The second series of tests during the return visit to South Africa in 1928 again ended evenly. In 1937, the Springboks in New Zealand won the series against the All Blacks. In 1949 the South Africans won the home series against the All Blacks with a negative record for the New Zealanders that still exists today. In 1956, however, the All Blacks won the home series against the Springboks. In 1960 the Springboks were successful again during the home series against the All Blacks, but the tour was remembered more because of their political squabbles than because of the successes. After that, the mutual tours were mainly characterized by the South African apartheid policy and the tug-of-war for New Zealand Māori players in the All Blacks' team against the Springboks. Mutual tours were undertaken until the 1980s, but these met with strong political resistance from opponents of apartheid and were consequently accompanied by protests from other states as well. The New Zealand government's adherence to the tour to South Africa in 1976 and the refusal of the International Olympic Committee (rugby was not an Olympic sport at the time) to exclude New Zealand from the 1976 Summer Olympics after protests by African states even led to the boycott of the Games by 30 predominantly African ones States.

Only with the end of apartheid did normality return to mutual rivalry. To date, the balance of the Springboks is only negative against the All Blacks. The rivalry has since expanded to include the world championships, as both the All Blacks and the Springboks are the only three-time world champions to date (at nine world championships in total). Both national teams have met five times at world championships, with the All Blacks winning three games and the Springboks two. The most important victory for the South Africans was the final of the 1995 World Cup, when they won 15:12 in extra time. Since 1996, both teams have met at the annual Tri Nations and Rugby Championship. During the Rugby Championship 2017 , the All Blacks inflicted their biggest loss on the Springboks so far: 0:57.

Due to the history of the Springboks, some South Africans still support the All Blacks instead of the Springboks, even for generations. This has its origins in apartheid, when its opponents supported the opposing team as a gesture of resistance against apartheid and its symbols. Other South Africans criticized this as “unpatriotic” and “treason” after the end of apartheid.

Awards

The Italian sports newspaper Gazzetta dello Sport voted the New Zealand national team 2005 “ World Team of the Year ”. The International Rugby Board, World Rugby since 2014, has named New Zealand “Team of the Year” eleven times (2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016). The All Blacks were also named “ Team of the Year ” at the Laureus World Sports Awards (2016).

literature

  • Winston McCarthy: Haka! The All Blacks Story . Pelham Books, London 1968.
  • Terry McLean: New Zealand Rugby Legends . MOA Publications, Auckland 1987, ISBN 0-908570-15-5 .
  • Greg Ryan: Forerunners of the All Blacks . Canterbury University Press, Christchurch 1993, ISBN 0-908812-30-2 .
  • Grant Harding, David Williams: The Toughest of Them All: New Zealand and South Africa, the Struggle for Rugby Supremacy . Penguin Books, Auckland / New York 2000, ISBN 0-14-029577-1 .
  • Ron Palenski: Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby . Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers, Auckland 2003, ISBN 1-86958-937-8 .
  • Phil Gifford: The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby . Wilson Scott Publishing, Christchurch 2004, ISBN 0-9582535-1-X .
  • Bob Howitt: SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby . HarperCollins Publishers, New York 2005, ISBN 1-86950-566-2 .
  • Max Howell: Born to Lead: Wallaby Test Captains . Celebrity Books, North Harbor 2005, ISBN 1-877252-18-2 .
  • Ian Borthwick: France / All Blacks: 100 ans de rencontres . Au vent des îles, Papeete 2006, ISBN 2-915654-07-7 .
  • Malcolm Mulholland: Beneath the Maori Moon: An Illustrated History of Maori Rugby . Huia Publishers, Wellington 2009, ISBN 978-1-86969-305-3 .
  • Sean Fagan: The First Lions of Rugby . Slattery Media Group, Richmond 2013, ISBN 978-0-9875002-7-4 .

Web links

Commons : New Zealand National Rugby Union Team  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

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