Eupatorieae

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Eupatorieae
Ageratina adenophora

Ageratina adenophora

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Eupatorieae
Scientific name
Eupatorieae
Cass.

The tribe Eupatorieae belongs to the subfamily Asteroideae within the plant family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). It contains about 167 to 181 genera with about 2000 to 2400 species .

description

Illustration of the common water dost ( Eupatorium cannabinum ).

Vegetative characteristics

They are usually annual , biennial or perennial herbaceous plants , more rarely sub-shrubs , shrubs or small trees . They are rarely climbers , epiphytes , marsh or water plants . The mostly opposite (this is what distinguishes them from many other Asteraceae), rarely completely alternate, sometimes in rosettes or whorled leaves are petiolate or sessile with mostly simple leaf blades.

Inflorescences and flowers

The cup-shaped partial inflorescences are often on branched, umbrella-clustered , paniculate , or sometimes spiky overall inflorescences . The sessile or stalked flower heads are always disc-shaped. A few to many bracts stand together in one or two rows cylindrical, bell-shaped or hemispherical. In some species such as Eupatorium album or Liatris elegans , the bracts are the most strikingly colored part of the inflorescence. The flat to convex, sometimes conical, cup base is usually bare and hairless or sometimes hairy. In the cup-shaped inflorescence there are a few to many, often four or five, rarely only one, usually only radially symmetrical tubular flowers , rarely also zygomorphic ray flowers on the edge ( e.g. microspermum ), so-called ray flowers.

All flowers are hermaphroditic and fertile, and they are mostly fragrant. The usually five, very rarely four petals are fused to tube-shaped with relatively short corolla lobes. The petals are white or reddish to bluish due to anthocyanin (from pink to purple to blue), but never really bright yellow at most cream-colored. The stamens usually do not protrude from the corolla tube. The upper appendages of the anthers are mostly blunt or pointed, rarely not whole-edged or lobed, rarely missing; they are at most as long as they are wide. The lower anthers appendages are blunt to rounded, only short or almost absent. Nectaries can rarely be recognized. The base of the style is hairless or downy, sometimes with a swollen knot; the rest of the stylus is mostly hairless. The two branches of the style are elongated to culled and blunt with a papilose surface; they are often the most colorful parts of the flower. The style branches have long, sterile appendages with a blunt end.

fruit

The egg-shaped to elongated achenes contain phyto melanins in the walls and are therefore dark to blackish; they are usually three to five-ribbed, sometimes ten-ribbed, rarely flattened with two ribs or pentagonal. In this tribe a pappus is seldom missing or reduced to a bulge or wreath; mostly it is clearly designed as a parachute (as it is found in dandelions ) usually made up of one, rarely two, very rarely several rows of a few to many pappus bristles; rarely it consists of scales. The pappus bristles are usually finely bearded to slit, rarely feathery.

Systematics and distribution

The main area of ​​distribution is in the New World . This tribe developed in the Neotropics . They thrive in subtropical, tropical and warm temperate areas. There are around 40 genera in Bolivia. In North America there are about 27 genera with about 159 species. One of the few species that also in Eurasia is occurring Wasserdost ( Eupatorium ). Some species are neophytes in many areas of the world . There are ten genera in China, seven of which are exclusively naturalized or feral species.

The tribe Eupatorieae contains about 167 to 182 genera with 2000 to 2400 species. It is divided into 17 subtribes (DJ Nicholas Hind & Harold E. Robinson, 2007), most of which were published in 1980 by RMKing & Harold E. Robinson in Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CXCII. Validation of subtribes. In: Phytologia , Volume 46, pp. 446–450, structured:

  • Subtribe Adenostemmatinae BLRob. : It contains about three genera with 27 to 36 species:
    • Adenostemma J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. : The 20 to 26 species have a pantropical distribution.
    • Gymnocoronis DC .: The two to five species are common in the Neotropic, including:
      • Gymnocoronis latifolia Hook. & Arn. : It is variable and is divided into four types by some authors. It is widespread from Mexico to Guatemala.
      • False water friend ( Gymnocoronis spilanthoides ( D.Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC. ): It is widespread in South America as a marsh plant. It is an invasive plant in some areas .
    • Sciadocephala Mattf. : The five species are common in Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Guiana.
  • Subtribus Ageratinae Lessing : It contains about 26 genera: Ageratum L.
  • Subtribus Alomiinae Lessing : It contains about 23 genera: Brickellia
  • Subtribus Ayapaninae RMKing & H.Robinson : It contains about 13 genera.
  • Subtribus Critoniinae RMKing & H.Robinson : It contains about 40 genera: Critonia , Fleischmanniopsis , Ophryosporus , Neocabreria
  • Subtribus Disynaphiinae RMKing & H.Robinson : Disynaphia , Symphyopappus
  • Subtribe Eupatoriinae Lessing : Eupatoriadelphus , Eupatorium , Stomatanthes , Hatschbachiella , Austroeupatorium
  • Subtribus Fleischmanniinae RMKing & H.Robinson : Fleischmannia
  • Subtribus Gyptidinae RMKing & H.Robinson : It contains about 29 genera: Gyptis , Trichogonia , Campuloclinium , Conoclinium , Agrianthus , Lasiolaena , Litothamnus
  • Subtribus Hebecliinae RMKing & H.Robinson : Bartlettina , Neomirandea
  • Subtribus Hofmeisteriinae RMKing & H.Robinson : Hofmeisteria
  • Subtribus Liatrinae RMKing & H.Robinson : It occurs with only a few genera only in North America: Carphephorus , Garberia , Hartwrightia , Liatris , Trilisa
  • Subtribus Mikaniinae RMKing & H.Robinson : Mikania
  • Subtribus Neomirandeinae RMKing & H.Robinson
  • Subtribus Oaxacaniinae RMKing & H.Robinson : It contains only two genera with only two species:
    • Carterothamnus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Oaxacania B.L. Rob . & Greenm. : It contains only one type:
  • Subtribe Oxylobinae RMKing & H.Robinson : It contains about nine genera: Ageratina
  • Subtribe Praxelinae RMKing & H.Robinson : Chromolaena DC., Praxelis
  • Subtribus Trichocoroninae RMKing & H.Robinson : It contains about three genera with a maximum of five species in the USA and Mexico:
    • Sclerolepis Cass. : It contains only one type:
    • Shinnersia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
      • Shinnersia rivularis (A.Gray) RMKing & H.Robinson ( Mexican oak leaf ): The home is Texas and northern Mexico.
    • Trichocoronis A.Gray : The only two or three species are distributed from the southwestern USA to Mexico. They are aquatic plants.
Ageratina aromatica
Several flower heads stand close together in the common liver balm ( Ageratum houstonianum )
Bartlettina sordida
Infructescence of Brickellia atractyloides
Flower heads of Brickellia oblongifolia var. Linifolia
Inflorescence of Chromolaena odorata
Several flower heads stand close together in a whole inflorescence near Conoclinium coelestinum
Branched inflorescence of Eutrochium purpureum with many flower heads
False water friend ( Gymnocoronis spilanthoides )
Hebeclinium macrophyllum
Liatris aspera
Liatris punctata
Mikania scandens
Pleurocoronis pluriseta
Stevia rebaudiana

Alphabetical, complete list of genres

There are about 167 to 182 genera in the tribe Eupatorieae:

  • Acanthostyles R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Acanthostyles buniifolius (Hook. Ex Hook. & Arn.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It is widespread in South America, from southern Brazil and central Bolivia to Argentina.
  • Acritopappus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 17 species are common in South America.
  • Adenocritonia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Ageratella A.Gray ex S.Watson : The only one species with three varieties or two species occur in western Mexico.
  • Ageratina Spach : The approximately 250 to 265 species are common in the Neotropic .
  • Ageratum L .: The approximately 40 species are distributed in the Neotropics, mainly in Mexico and Central America.
  • Agrianthus Mart. ex DC. : The approximately nine species occur only in the Brazilian states of northern Minas Gerais and Bahia .
  • Alomia Kunth : The five or so species are common in Mexico.
  • Alomiella R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species occur only in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso .
  • Amboroa Cabrera : The only two species occur in Bolivia and Peru and are only known from one collection.
  • Amolinia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Amolinia heydeana (BLRob.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It occurs in southern Mexico and Guatemala.
  • Antillia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Aristeguietia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 21 species are distributed throughout the Andes .
  • Arrojadocharis Mattf. : The only two species occur only in the Brazilian state of Bahia and are only known from one collection.
  • Asanthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The three or so species are distributed from the southwestern United States to western Mexico.
  • Ascidiogyne Cuatrec. : The only two species occur only in Peru .
  • Asplundianthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The tenor sospecies are distributed throughout the Andes at altitudes between 2500 and 3000 meters.
  • Austrobrickellia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The three or so species are common in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay .
  • Austrocritonia R.M. King & H. Rob. : The four or so species are common in Brazil.
  • Austroeupatorium R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 13 species are distributed in southern South America.
  • Ayapana Spach : The approximately 14 species are common in Central and Northern South America. Two types are neophytes in some areas.
  • Ayapanopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 14 species are common in South America.
  • Badilloa R.M. King & H.Rob. : The ten or so species are distributed throughout the Andes .
  • Bahianthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Bahianthus viscosus (Spreng.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Barrosoa R.M. King & H.Rob. : The nine or so species are common in South America.
  • Bartlettina R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 20 species occur from Mexico to Central America. One species ( Bartlettina sordida (Less.) RMKing & H.Rob.) Is used as an ornamental plant and is an invasive plant in some areas (e.g.New Zealand, Australia).
  • Bejaranoa R.M. King & H.Rob. : Of the only two species, one occurs in Paraguay and Bolivia and the other in Brazil.
  • Bishopiella R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Bishovia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two types are common in Bolivia and Argentina.
  • Blakeanthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Brickellia Elliott (Syn .: Barroetea A.Gray , Kuhnia L. , Phanerostylis (A.Gray) RMKing & H.Rob. ): The approximately 100 species are mainly distributed from North to Central America.
  • Brickelliastrum R.M. King & H.Rob. : The roughly two species are distributed from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico.
  • Campovassouria R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Campuloclinium DC. : It is sometimes placed in a broad genus, Eupatorium . The ten or so species are mainly found in Brazil, but one species extends south to Mexico.
  • Carminatia Moç. ex DC. : The three or so species are distributed from the southwest USA via Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Carphephorus Cass. : The seven or so species are common in the southeastern United States.
  • Carphochaete A.Gray (Syn .: Cronquistia R.M.King , Revealia R.M.King & H.Rob. ): The approximately seven species are distributed from the southwest USA to Mexico.
  • Castanedia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Catolesia D.JNHind : The only two species occur only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Cavalcantia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species are only known from their type locations in two isolated savannah areas in the interior of Brazil.
  • Chacoa R.M. King & H.Rob. : One or two species occur in Argentina and Paraguay.
  • Chromolaena DC. : The approximately 165 species are common in the Neotropic.
  • Ciceronia Urban : It contains only one species:
  • Condylopodium R.M. King & H.Rob. : Of the only two species, one occurs only in Colombia and the other is widespread in Central America, on the Caribbean islands and in northern South America.
  • Condylidium R.M. King & H.Rob. : The four or so species are common in Colombia.
  • Conocliniopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Conoclinium DC. : The roughly four species are common in the USA and Mexico. Conoclinium coelestinum is the most widespread and is also found in Cuba.
  • Corethamnium R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Critonia P.Browne : The approximately 40 species are distributed in tropical areas. These species were previously included in the genus Eupatorium .
  • Critoniadelphus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species are common in Mexico and adjacent areas in Central America.
  • Critoniella R.M. King & H.Rob. : The six or so species are common in northern South America.
  • Cronquistianthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 25 species are distributed throughout the Andes .
  • Crossothamnus R.M. King & H.Rob. : She used to have four today, today only with one species:
    • Crossothamnus weberbaueri (Hieron.) RMKing & H.Rob. : This endemic occurs in a relatively small mountain area in the Peruvian Department of Amazonas.
  • Dasycondylus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The eight or so species are all common in Brazil, only one species is also found in Bolivia and Peru.
  • Decachaeta DC. : The six or so species are distributed from Mexico to Central America.
  • Diacranthera R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two types are common in South America.
  • Dissothrix A.Gray : It contains only one species:
    • Dissothrix imbricata (Gardner) Robinson : It occurs in northern Brazil, but has not been collected in the last 50 years.
  • Disynaphia Hook. & Arn. ex DC. : The approximately 25 species are distributed from Brazil to Argentina.
  • Eitenia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two types are common in Brazil.
  • Ellenbergia Cuatrec. : It contains only one type:
  • Erythradenia (BLRob.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It probably belongs to the genus Decachaeta . It contains only one type:
  • Eupatoriastrum Greenm. : The approximately five species are common in Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador .
  • Eupatorina R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Eupatoriopsis Hieron. : It contains only one type:
  • Wasserdost ( Eupatorium L. ): The 40 to 45 species (previously 800 to 1200 species, but has been split into many genera) are distributed in Europe, in eastern Asia and in eastern North America.
  • Eutrochium Raf. : The five species are distributed from central to eastern North America.
  • Ferreyrella S.F.Blake : The only two annual species are common in Peru.
  • Fleischmannia Sch.Bip. : The 80 to 95 species are distributed from eastern North America to Argentina.
  • Fleischmanniopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : The five or so species are distributed from Mexico to Central America.
  • Flyriella R.M. King & H.Rob. : The sixor sospecies are distributed from Texas to Mexico.
  • Garberia A.Gray : It contains only one species:
  • Gardnerina R.M. King & H.Rob. : With the only kind:
  • Gongrostylus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Gongrostylus costaricensis (Kuntze) RMKing & H.Rob. : It grows as a climbing, epiphytic plant along the slopes of the Atlantic coast from Costa Rica to Panama and along the slopes of the Pacific coast from Colombia to Ecuador.
  • Goyazianthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Grazielia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The nine or so species are all common in Brazil, only one species extends south to Argentina.
  • Grisebachianthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The eight or so species only occur in Cuba.
  • Grosvenoria R.M. King & H.Rob. : The sixor sospecies thrive in the northern Andes from Ecuador to Peru at altitudes between 2700 and 3700 meters.
  • Guayania R.M. King & H.Rob. : The six or so species thrive in the highlands of Guiana in northern South America.
  • Guevaria R.M. King & H.Rob. : The four or so species are distributed from Ecuador to Peru.
  • Gymnocondylus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Gyptidium R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species are common in northern Argentina and Brazil.
  • Gyptis (Cass.) Cass. : The seven or so species are common in northern Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
  • Hartwrightia A.Gray ex S.Watson : It contains only one species:
  • Hatschbachiella R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two types are common from Brazil to Argentina.
  • Hebeclinium DC. : The 20 or so species are mainly found in South America.
  • Helogyne Nutt. : The eight or so species are mainly distributed in Peru, some species reach as far as Bolivia and Argentina and one occurs only in Chile.
  • Heterocondylus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 13 species are distributed in Brazil and Paraguay, only Heterocondylus vitalbae extends north to Honduras .
  • Hofmeisteria Walp. : The twelve or so species are common in Mexico.
  • Hughesia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Idiothamnus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The four or so species occur in widely spaced areas in South America.
  • Iltisia S.F.Blake : The only two annual species thrive at higher altitudes of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica and Panama.
  • Imeria R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species thrive only on Tepuis in Venezuela.
  • Isocarpha R.Br. : The five or so species are widespread in the Neotropic.
  • Jaliscoa S. Watson : The only three species occur only in western Mexico.
  • Jaramilloa R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species occur only in Colombia.
  • Kaunia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately 14 species are distributed in South America, mainly in Bolivia.
  • Koanophyllon Arruda : The 115 to 120 species are widespread in the Neotropics. They were early in the genus Eupatorium s. l. incorporated.
  • Kyrsteniopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : The eight or so species are common in Mexico.
  • Lasiolaena R.M. King & H.Rob. : The approximately six species occur only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Lepidesmia Klatt : it contains only one type (sometimes two types):
  • Leptoclinium (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. : It contains only one type:
  • Splendid Scharten ( Liatris Gaertn. Ex Schreber ): The approximately 37 species are distributed from eastern North America to northwestern Mexico and the Bahamas .
  • Litothamnus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species occur only along the coast of the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Litrisa Small : It is sometimes incorporated into Trilisa or Carphephorus and is morphologically between the two. It contains only one type:
    • Litrisa carnosa Small : It occurs only in Florida at altitudes between 60 and 100 meters.
  • Lomatozona Baker : The four or so species are common in Brazil.
  • Lorentzianthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Lourteigia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The six or so species are common in Colombia and Venezuela.
  • Macropodina R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only three species are distributed in southern Brazil, one species also extends to Paraguay.
  • Macvaughiella R.M. King & H.Rob. : The two (to four) species are common in Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.
  • Malmeanthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Matudina R.M. King & H.Rob. : Belongs to the genus Decachaeta . It contains only one type:
  • Metastevia Grashoff : It may belong to the genus Stevia . It contains only one type:
  • Mexianthus B.L. Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Microspermum Lag .: The eight or so species are common in Mexico.
  • Mikania Willd. : The 400 to 450 species are mainly found in the Neotropics, especially in Brazil , but nine species are said to have their original home in the Old World; for example:
  • Monogereion G.M.Barroso & RMKing : It contains only one species:
  • Morithamnus R.M. King , H.Rob. & GMBarroso : The only two species occur only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Neocabreria R.M. King & H.Rob. : The five or so species are common in Brazil, one species also extends to Argentina.
  • Neocuatrecasia R.M. King & H.Rob. : With about eight species on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia.
  • Neohintonia R.M. King & H.Rob. : She belonged to Eupatorium s. l. and could belong to koanophyllon . It contains only one type:
  • Neomirandea R.M. King & H.Rob. : She belonged to Eupatorium s. l .: The approximately 28 species are widespread in the Neotropic.
  • Nesomia B.L. Turner : It contains only one species:
  • Nothobaccharis R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Ophryosporus Meyen : The approximately 37 species are widespread in South America, especially in the Andes.
  • Osmiopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Oxylobus (Moçino ex DC.) A.Gray : With about five species in Mexico and Guatemala, one of which also extends to northern South America.
  • Pachythamnus (RMKing & H.Rob.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Paneroa E.E. Schill. : It contains only one type:
    • Paneroa stachyofolia (BLRob.) EESchill. : This endemic occurs only in the Mixteca Alta region in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
  • Parapiqueria R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Peteravenia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only three species are distributed from Mexico to Central America.
  • Phalacraea DC. : The four or so species are common in the northern Andes.
  • Phania DC. : The five or so species are found on the Caribbean islands, three of them only in Cuba.
  • Piptothrix A.Gray : The five or so species are mainly found in Mexico.
  • Piqueria Cav. : The six or so species occur mainly in Mexico, one species also extends to Central America on the Caribbean islands.
  • Piqueriella R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Piqueriopsis R.M.King : it contains only one type:
  • Planaltoa deaf. : The only two species occur only in the Brazilian state of Goiás .
  • Platypodanthera R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Pleurocoronis R.M. King & H.Rob. : With about three species in the western United States and northwestern Mexico.
  • Polyanthina R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Praxeliopsis G.M.Barroso : It contains only one species:
  • Praxelis Cass. : The approximately 14 species are widespread in South America.
  • Prolobus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Prolobus nitidulus (Baker) RMKing & H.Rob. : It occurs only on the coast in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Pseudobrickellia R.M. King & H.Rob. : With only two species in Brazil.
  • Pseudokyrsteniopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Radlkoferotoma Kuntze : With about three kinds in Uruguay and Brazil.
  • Raulinoreitzia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The roughly three types are common in South America.
  • Santosia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Sartorina R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Scherya R.M. King & H.Rob. : With the only kind:
  • Semiria D.JNHind : It contains only one species:
    • Semiria viscosa D.JNHind : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Siapaea Pruski : It contains only one species:
  • Spaniopappus B.L. Rob . : The five or so species only occur in Cuba.
  • Sphaereupatorium (O.Hoffm.) Kuntze ex BLRob. : It contains only one type:
  • Standleyanthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Stevia ( Stevia Cav. ) With about 200 to about 240 species. It is widespread from western North America to Argentina.
  • Steviopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. (Syn .: Dyscritogyne R.M. King & H.Rob. ): It contains about six species.
  • Steyermarkina R.M. King & H.Rob. : Of the four species, three species occur in Brazil and one in Venezuela.
  • Stomatanthes R.M. King & H.Rob. : It has a disjoint area with 14 species, twelve of them in South America and two in Africa.
  • Stylotrichium Mattf. : The five or so species are endemic to the Chapada Diamantina region in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Symphyopappus Turcz. : The three or so species are native to Brazil.
  • Tamaulipa R.M. King & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Tamaulipa azurea (APDC.) RMKing & H.Rob. : The home is Texas and northeast Mexico.
  • Teixeiranthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species thrive in humid locations in the Brazilian states of Minaes Geraes and Bahia.
  • Trichogonia (DC.) Gardner : The 30 or so species are native to Brazil, but also to Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia and Venezuela.
  • Trichogoniopsis R.M. King & H.Rob. : With about four kinds are native to Brazil.
  • Trilisa (Cass.) Cass. : The only two species are native to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States. They are sometimes incorporated into the genus Carphephorus .
  • Tuberostylis Steetz : The only two species are native to the Pacific coast from Panama to Colombia and Ecuador.
  • Uleophytum Hieron. : It contains only one type:
  • Urbananthus R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species occur only in Cuba.
  • Urolepis (DC.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
    • Urolepis hecatantha (DC.) RMKing & H.Rob. : It occurs from northern Argentina to Uruguay and Brazil and to Paraguay and Bolivia.
  • Viereckia R.M. King & H.Rob. : It may belong to the genus Chromolaena . It contains only one type:
  • Vittetia R.M. King & H.Rob. : The only two species are native to southeastern Brazil.
  • Zyzyura H.Rob. & Pruski : It contains only one type:

Apomixis

Apomixis , which includes asexual reproduction by seeds, is believed to play an important role in the formation of diversity in some genera of the Eupatorieae tribe. In apomixis, polyploidy and often hybrid formation is always present. For example, apomictic polyploidy has been documented at Eupatorium in eastern North America. Apomixis in the tribe Eupatorieae has been reported for Ageratina , Campovassouria , Chromolaena , Eupatorium , Gyptis and Praxelis.

use

Species from the Eupatorieae tribe play a certain role in phytotherapy .

Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants . Ageratum houstonianum varieties are used as bedding and balcony plants , and there are also some ornamental plants from the Liatris genus .

ingredients

The benzofuran derivative Euparin is an important ingredient in many species of the Eupatorieae tribe, especially the Eupatorium genus .

swell

  • Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae. , P. 459 - the same text online as the printed work In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 21: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3 (Heliantheae, Eupatorieae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, June 30, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530565-5 . (Section description)
  • Yilin Chen, Takayuki Kawahara & DJ Nicholas Hind: Tribus Eupatorieae , p. 879 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 20–21 - Asteraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 12, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Description and Distribution Section)
  • Jose L. Panero & Vicki A. Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed , In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 47 (2), 2008, pp. 757-782.
  • Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Gerald D. Carr, Robert M. King & James F. Weedin: Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XVI: Eupatorieae II , In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 76, Issue 4, 1989, pp. 1004-1011. doi: 10.2307 / 2399689
  • Edward Schilling & Jose Panero: The Eupatorieae Web Site . (Section systematics)
  • DJ Nicholas & Harold E. Robinson: Tribe Eupatorieae , In: Joachim W. Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume VIII. , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
  • Harold Robinson, Edward Schilling & Jose L. Panero: Eupatorieae , pages 731-744, In: Vicki A. Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy & RJ Bayer (eds.): Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Compositae , 2009. PDF .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Edward E. Schilling: Hybrid genera in Liatrinae (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) , In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 59, 2011, pp. 158-167: PDF .
  2. ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , pp. 420 f.
  3. ^ A b Edward Schilling & Jose Panero: The Eupatorieae Web Site .
  4. ^ H. Robinson: Two new species of Grosvenoria from Ecuador and Peru (Eupatorieae: Asteraceae) , In: Phytologia , Volume 88, 2006, pp. 100-106.
  5. ↑ EE Schilling: Paneroa, a new genus of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) from Mexico , In: Novon , Volume 18, 2008, pp 520-523. First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  6. ↑ Wiedenfeld: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in species of the tribe Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) from Mexico . ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / phyto.pharma.uni-bonn.de
  7. ↑ Ahmed Mustafa: Benzofurans. John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-18850-7 , p. 299.

further reading

  • Juliana Marzinek, Orlando Cavalari De-Paula & Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira: The ribs of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae): of wide taxonomic value or reliable characters only among certain groups? In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 285, Numbers 1-2, 2010, pp. 127-130. doi: 10.1007 / s00606-009-0258-5

Web links

Commons : Eupatorieae  - collection of images, videos and audio files