Stevien
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The stevia ( stevia ) are a genus of plants that belongs to the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The distribution area extends from the western USA (seven species), over Mexico, Central to South America . The best-known and economically most important species is Stevia rebaudiana , which is widely used as the basis for the sweetener stevia among indigenous peoples of South America, but now especially in Asia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Stevia species grow as annual to perennial herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs to shrubs that reach heights of between 0.5 and 1.20 meters. The upright stem is usually branched.
The opposite or alternate leaves are stalked or sessile. The differently hairy to hairless, sometimes shiny or glandular dotted leaf blade can be shaped very differently depending on the species, has one or three main nerves and a smooth, serrated or toothed leaf margin.
Generative characteristics
The basket-shaped partial inflorescences stand together in loose to dense, umbrella-clustered total inflorescences . The disc-shaped flower heads have a diameter of 1 to (mostly) 2 to 3 mm. The mostly five, rarely six in a row, more or less the same bracts are two- to three-nerved. The flat to convex base of inflorescence is hairless. Each flower head usually contains five, rarely six flowers.
The five purple to pink or white petals are funnel-shaped fused with a narrow throat. The corolla is three to four times as long as its diameter and more or less hairy on the inside. The mostly smooth, sometimes papillary styles have two thread-like style branches.
The columnar to prismatic or spindle-shaped achenes are five-ribbed, dotted with glands and / or rough. The pappus consists of five free or overgrown bristles and scales.
The chromosome numbers found were n = 11, 12, 17.
Systematics
The genus name Stevia was 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles in Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum, qua aut sponte ... , 4 (1), 32, panel 354 first published . The lectotype used was Stevia salicifolia Cav. set. Synonyms for Stevia Cav. are: Metastevia Grashoff , Mustelia Spreng. The generic name Stevia honors the Spanish doctor and botanist Pedro Jaime Esteve (approx. 1500–1556).
The genus Stevia belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae in the subfamily of Asteroideae within the family of Asteraceae .
There are around 240 types of stevia (selection):
- Stevia amambayensis B.L.Rob. : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Stevia ammotropha B.L.Rob. : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Stevia amplexicaulis Hassl. : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Stevia apensis B.L.Rob. : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Stevia aristata D. Don ex Hook. & Arn. : It occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
- Stevia balansae Hieron. : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia breviaristata Hook. & Arn. : It occurs in Argentina and Bolivia.
- Stevia catharinensis Cabrera : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia commixta B.L.Rob. : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia cuneata Hassl. : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Stevia entreriensis Hieron. : It occurs in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.}
- Stevia estrellensis Hassl. ex BLRob. : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Stevia eupatoria (Spreng.) Willd. : It occurs in Mexico.
- Stevia lemmonii A.Gray : It is found in Arizona and Mexico.
- Stevia leptophylla Baker : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia micrantha Lagasca : It occurs in Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico at altitudes between 1,800 and 2,700 meters above sea level.
- Stevia ovata Willd. : It occurs in Texas and Mexico.
- Stevia parvifolia Hassl. : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia plummerae A.Gray : It is found in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
- Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia rojasii Hassl. : It occurs in Brazil and Paraguay.
- Stevia sabulonis B.L.Rob. : It occurs in Paraguay and Uruguay.
- Stevia salicifolia Cav. : It occurs in Texas and Mexico.
- Stevia satureiifolia (Lam.) Sch. Gdp. : It occurs in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
- Stevia selloi (Spreng.) BLRob. : It occurs in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
- Stevia serrata Cav. : It occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia and Ecuador.
- Stevia spathulata Cabrera : It occurs in Paraguay and Argentina.
- Stevia veronicae DC. : It occurs in Brazil.
- Stevia villaricensis (BLRob.) Cabrera & Vittet : It occurs in Argentina and Paraguay.
- Stevia viscida Kunth : It occurs in Arizona, Texas, Mexico and Central America.
literature
- Guy L. Nesom: Stevia in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, 483: Online. (Section description, distribution and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Stevia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b c d e f Guy L. Nesom: Stevia Cavanilles. In: Flora of North America, vol. 21. [2] .
Web links
- Profile of the Maria Laach Monastery Nursery (PDF file; 171 kB)