Splendid notches

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Splendid notches
Splendid Scharte (Liatris spicata)

Splendid Scharte ( Liatris spicata )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Eupatorieae
Sub tribus : Liatrinae
Genre : Splendid notches
Scientific name
Liatris
Garden. ex Schreb.

The Liatris ( Liatris ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The botanical generic name is derived from the Greek words leios for smooth and iatrós for doctor; however, what this refers to is unclear. There are around 16 to 50 species.

description

Detail of the inflorescence of the Prachtscharte ( Liatris spicata ) with open and budded single flowers

Liatris species grow as perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 20 to 180 cm. They often form spherical to egg-shaped tubers and elongated rhizomes as persistence organs. The upright stems are usually unbranched or, less often, branched at the base. The alternate, sessile or stalked leaves are more or less grass-like with smooth leaf edges.

In terminal annual to racemose total inflorescences, there are often many cup-shaped partial inflorescences that bloom from top to bottom. The 18 to 40 unequal bracts are in (rarely two) usually three to seven rows and their edges are often ciliate or unevenly toothed. The flat inflorescence base has no chaff leaves. The flower heads are usually 3 to 22 (2.5 to 25) mm in diameter and contain only three to 85 tubular flowers . The flowers petals are usually red to pink to purple, sometimes white. The corolla tubes have a diameter four to six times smaller than their length.

Eight- to eleven-ribbed achenes are formed. The long-lived pappus consists of 12 to 40 bearded to feather-like bristles in one or two rows.

Systematics and distribution

The Liatris species are mostly found in Canada and the USA ; also in Mexico and the Bahamas . Only a few species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants.

The genus Liatris was introduced in 1791 by Joseph Gärtner in Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber : Gen. Pl. , 2, 542 set up. A synonym for Liatris Gaertn. ex Schreb. is Lacinaria Hill .

Liatris belongs to the subtribe Liatrinae in the tribe Eupatorieae in the subfamily of Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Liatris is closely related to Garberia A.Gray from Florida , but the only species of Garberia heterophylla (W.Bartram) Merrill & F.Harper in this genus is a shrub that also has different achenes.

Habit and inflorescences of Liatris aspera
Inflorescences of Liatris glandulosa
Details of the inflorescence of Liatris punctata
Infructescence of the Prachtscharte ( Liatris spicata )

The differentiation of the species is difficult and is made more difficult by easy hybridization of the species. There are around 16 to 50 species of Liatris (selection):

  • Liatris acidota Engelm. & A.Gray : Found in Texas and Louisiana.
  • Liatris aspera Michx. : It occurs in Ontario and in the United States.
  • Liatris aestivalis G.L. Nesom & O'Kennon : It occurs in Oklahoma and Texas.
  • Liatris bracteata Gaiser : It occurs in Texas.
  • Liatris chapmanii Torrey & A.Gray : It is found in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.
  • Liatris cokeri Pyne & Stucky : It is only found in North Carolina and South Carolina.
  • Liatris compacta (Torrey & A.Gray) Rydberg : It occurs in Arkansas.
  • Liatris cylindracea Michx. : It occurs in Ontario and in the United States.
  • Liatris cymosa (Ness) K.Schumann : It occurs in Texas.
  • Liatris elegans (Walter) Michx. : It occurs in the central and eastern United States.
  • Liatris elegantula (Greene) K.Schum. : It occurs in Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida.
  • Liatris × frostii Gaiser : It occurs in Minnesota.
  • Liatris garberi A.Gray : It occurs in Florida and the Bahamas.
  • Liatris gholsonii L.C. Anderson : It occurs in Florida.
  • Liatris glandulosa G.L. Nesom & O'Kennon : It occurs in Texas. It has the chromosome number 2n = 20.
  • Liatris gracilis Pursh : It is found in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and Florida.
  • Liatris helleri Porter : It only occurs in North Carolina.
  • Liatris hirsuta Rydberg : It occurs in Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas.
  • Liatris laevigata Nuttall : It occurs in Florida and Georgia.
  • Liatris lancifolia (Greene) Kittell : It occurs in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
  • Liatris ligulistylis (A.Nelson) K.Schumann : It occurs in western Canada and in the United States.
  • Liatris microcephala (Small) K.Schum. : It occurs in the southeastern United States.
  • Liatris ohlingerae (SFBlake) BLRob. : It only occurs in Florida.
  • Liatris oligocephala J.R. Allison : It occurs in Alabama.
  • Liatris patens G.L. Nesom & Kral : It occurs in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina.
  • Liatris pauciflora Pursh : It occurs in two varieties in the southeastern United States:
    • Liatris pauciflora var. Pauciflora : It occurs in Georgia and Florida.
    • Liatris pauciflora var. Secunda (Elliott) DB Ward : It occurs in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina.
  • Liatris pilosa (Aiton) Willd. : It occurs in the eastern United States.
  • Liatris provincialis R.K. Godfrey : It is only found in Florida.
  • Liatris punctata Hook. : It occurs in three varieties in western Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico:
    • Liatris punctata var. Mexicana Gaiser : It occurs in Mexico, New Mexico, Louisiana and Texas.
    • Liatris punctata var. Mucronata (DC.) BL Turner : It occurs in Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas.
    • Liatris punctata var. Punctata : It occurs in wstlichen Canada and in the northern and central United States.
  • Liatris pycnostachya Michx. : It occurs in two varieties in the central and eastern United States:
    • Liatris pycnostachya var. Lasiophylla Shinners : It occurs in Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas.
    • Liatris pycnostachya var. Pycnostachya : It occurs in the central and eastern United States.
  • Liatris savannensis Kral & GLNesom : It occurs in Florida.
  • Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. : It occurs in the north-central and eastern United States.
  • Prachtscharte ( Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. ): It occurs in two varieties in eastern North America.
  • Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. : It occurs in three varieties in the United States:
    • Liatris squarrosa var. Glabrata (. Rydb) Gaiser : It occurs in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Colorado and Texas.
    • Liatris squarrosa var. Novae-angliae (Lunell) Gandhi et al. : It occurs in New Hampshire, eastern New York and Rhode Island.
    • Liatris squarrosa var. Squarrosa : It occurs in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia.
  • Liatris squarrulosa Michx. : It occurs in the United States.
  • Liatris tenuifolia Nutt. : It occurs in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and Florida.
  • Liatris tenuis Shinners : It occurs in Louisiana and Texas.
  • Liatris virgata Nutt. : It occurs in Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.

swell

  • Guy L. Nesom: Liatris in the Flora of North America , Volume 21: Online (Engl.)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Liatris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  2. ↑ Gregory J. Schmidt and Edward E. Schilling: Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data , in American Journal of Botany , 2000, Volume 87, pages 716-726: doi: 10.2307 / 2656858 , On-line
  3. ↑ Eric E. Lamont: Garberia in the Flora of North America : Online
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Guy L. Nesom: Liatris Gaertner ex Schreber. In: Flora of North America, vol. 21. [1] .

Web links

Commons : Splendid Scharten  - collection of images, videos and audio files