Senecioneae

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Senecioneae
Euryops virgineus

Euryops virgineus

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Senecioneae
Scientific name
Senecioneae
Cass.

The tribe Senecioneae belongs to the subfamily Asteroideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It contains around 150 plant genera with around 3200 species, making it one of the most species-rich tribe of the Asteraceae. About a third of the species belong to the genus ragweed ( Senecio ), which is one of the most species-rich genera (today with around 1000 species, before the separation of genera there were up to 3000 species, divided into about 125 sections) of the flowering plants .

description

Illustration of the gray alpine easter ( Adenostyles alliariae )
Details of the flower head of Farfugium japonicum : A flower head longitudinal section, B tubular flower C ray flower, D basket base with a bract
Whole inflorescences with flower heads of Ligularia alatipes
Fruits of common ragwort ( Senecio vulgaris )

Vegetative characteristics

They are mostly one-, two-year or perennial herbaceous plants , rarely are woody plants: Half bushes , shrubs or trees . Some species are xerophytes , a few species are climbing plants and the Schopfbaum species are special. The mostly alternate, sometimes in rosettes, rarely arranged opposite leaves are stalked or sessile with mostly simple to lobed to deeply divided leaf blades.

Generative characteristics

Often in branched, umbelliferous , racemose total inflorescences , the cup-shaped partial inflorescences stand together, in some species they stand individually. The sessile or stalked flower heads are spherical to disc-shaped. Least to most equal multiform bracts rarely available in one or two, a plurality of rows; they can be free or overgrown and enclose the flower head. Often there are a few very much smaller bracts that are mostly arranged at the edge of the base of the bracts; they usually have a necrotic tip. The flat to raised, rarely conical inflorescence base is mostly bare or honeycomb-shaped. In the cup-shaped inflorescence there are radially symmetrical tubular flowers , so-called disc flowers, and on the edge zygomorphic ray flowers , so-called ray flowers.

The ray-florets are female with two branches of the style. The four- or five-fold tubular flowers are hermaphroditic or functionally male. Their petals are tubular, funnel-shaped to bell-shaped fused with four or five corolla lobes. There are four or five stamens with a straight stamen tube. The style has two style branches and sometimes hairy appendages.

The cylindrical, triangular to ellipsoidally elongated or sometimes flattened achenes are ribbed or smooth, hairless or hairy. In this tribe there is usually a pappus ; it consists of a few to many white or colored cardboard bristles in one or more rows, often of fine, soft hair; it can be white or a different color and can be durable or quickly perishable.

Occurrence

The tribe Senecioneae has an almost worldwide distribution. It is believed that they originated in the dry summer habitats of the late Tertiary . This probably explains why the main distribution areas of the Senecioneae today are in Mediterranean climates. It is one of the few plant groups of which species are found in all five areas of the world with a Mediterranean climate: in the Mediterranean region, in the California Flores Province, in central Chile, in the Capensis and in southwestern Australia. The subtribe Othonninae and Senecioninae both have their origin in sub-Saharan Africa. Senecio is the only genus of the tribe that occurs in all five areas with a Mediterranean climate. But the taxa of the tribe Senecioneae have also spread in the boreal, cool-temperate or tropical climates. The colonization of so many different habitats led to diverse morphological adaptations.

Here are some examples of areas of the earth with the numbers of the occurring genera and species: In North America there are about 29 genera with about 167 species. In China there are about 22 genera with about 261 species. In Brazil there are eight genus with 97 species, for example in the Brazilian state of Bahia there are five genera and only twelve species at home: Hoehneophytum (three species), Emilia (three species), Erechtites (three species), Pseudogynoxys (one species) and Senecio ( three types). On the island of Hispaniola there are a total of seven genera with 27 species: Senecio (16 species), Erechtites (two species), Emilia (three species), Pseudogynoxys (one species) and the endemic genera Herodotia (three species), Mattfeldia (one Kind) and Ignurbia (a kind).

Acrisione denticulata
Foliage leaves and whole inflorescence with many flower heads of the white felted Alpendost ( Adenostyles leucophylla )
Flower heads of Blennosperma nanum with ray and tubular flowers
Brachyglottis repanda grows shrubby
The climbing Delairea odorata
The Schopfbaum Dendrosenecio kilimanjari
Elekmania barahonensis
Emilia sonchifolia
Eriotrix lycopodioides
Euryops pectinatus
Habit and leaves of Gynura aurantiaca , it is used as an ornamental plant
Alpine lettuce ( Homogyne alpina )
Succulent Senecio rowleyanus
Habitus and inflorescences of the tangut herb ( Sinacalia tangutica )
Tagetes-like cup basket ( Steirodiscus tagetes )
Habitus and flower heads of Tephroseris takedana
Habitus and flower heads of Tetradymia canescens in the habitat
In the coltsfoot ( Tussilago farfara ) the flower heads stand individually
Cushion-forming Xenophyllum humile
Habit and inflorescences of Yermo xanthocephalus in the only natural habitat in Wyoming

Systematics

The first publication of the tribe name Senecioneae is Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini : Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts , 88, 1819, p. 196. Die Tribus Senecioneae Cass. contains about 150 genera with 3200 species. It is divided into seven up to now ten (Pieter B. Pelser et al. 2007) subtribe: Adenostylinae Benth. & Hook.f. , Blennospermatinae, Tephroseridinae C. Jeffrey & YLChen , Abrotanellinae H.Rob., GDCarr, RMKing & AMPowell , Othonninae, Senecioninae (Cass.) Dum. , Tussilagininae (Cass.) Dum. , and newly separated from Tussilagininae: Brachyglottidinae, Chersodominae and Doronicinae YRLing .

Alphabetical, complete list of genres and distribution

  • Abrotanella Cass. : The approximately 18 species are distributed in New Guinea , Australia , New Zealand and South America.
  • Acrisione B. North . : The only two types occur only in Chile .
  • Alpendost ( Adenostyles Cass. ): The four or so species are common in Europe .
  • Equatorium B. North. : The approximately 20 species are distributed in Peru , Bolivia and northern Argentina .
  • Aetheolaena Cass. : The 15 to 18 species thrive in the Andes .
  • Angeldiazia M.O.Dillon & Zapata : It contains only one species:
  • Antillanthus B. North. : The approximately 17 species occur only in Cuba .
  • Arnoglossum Raf. (Syn .: Conophora (DC.) Nieuwl. , Mesadenia Raf. ): The eight or so species are distributed in eastern North America.
  • Arbelaezaster Cuatrec. : It contains only one type:
  • Arrhenechthites Mattf. : The approximately six species thrive in the mountains of Celebes , New Guinea and in the Australian Alps .
  • Austrosynotis C.Jeffrey : It contains only one species:
  • Bafutia C.D.Adams : It contains only one species:
  • Barkleyanthus H.Rob. & Brettell : It contains only one type:
  • Bertilia Cron : It contains only one species:
  • Bethencourtia Choisy (Syn .: Canariothamnus B.Nord. Nom. Illeg.): The three or so species occur only on the Canary Islands , two of them only on Gomera .
  • Blennosperma Less. : Of the only three species, two species occur in California and one in Chile .
  • Bolandia G.Cron : The five species are common in South Africa.
  • Brachionostylum Mattf. : It contains only one type:
  • Brachyglottis J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. (Syn .: Centropappus Hook. F. , Bedfordia DC. ): Of the approximately 39 species, 38 occur only in New Zealand and only Brachyglottis brunonis (Hook. F.) B.Nord. occurs only in Tasmania .
  • Cabreriella Cuatrec. : There are about two species in Colombia.
  • Cacaliopsis A.Gray : It contains only one species:
  • Cadiscus E. Mey. ex DC. : It contains only one type:
  • Capelio B. North . (Syn .: Alciope DC. ): The only three species occur only in the South African province of Western Cape.
  • Caucasalia B.Nord. : The fouror sospecies occur in Turkey and in the Caucasus region.
  • Caxamarca M.O.Dillon & Sagást. : It contains only one type:
  • Charadranaetes J. Janovec & H.Rob. : It contains only one type:
  • Chersodoma Phil .: The nine or so species thrive in the Andes .
  • Cineraria L .: The 15 to 20 species are distributed in tropical and especially in southern Africa, in Madagascar and in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula .
  • Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq. : The 20 or so species are widespread in tropical Africa and Asia.
  • Crassocephalum Moench : The approximately 24 species are distributed in Africa, Madagascar , the Mascarene Islands and Yemen . Five species of Capensis thrive in summer rain areas.
  • Crassothonna B. North . : This genre wasspun offfrom Senecio in 2012. The 15 or so species are common in South Africa and Namibia .
  • Cremanthodium Benth. : The approximately 67 species are widespread in China, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. All species occur in China, 45 of them only there.
  • Crocidium Hook. : It contains only one type:
  • Culcitium Humb. & Bonpl. : It contains about 6 species.
  • Dauresia B. North . & Pelser : It only contains one species:
  • Delairea Lem. : It contains only one type:
    • Delairea odorata Lem. : It is only naturally widespread in South Africa, but a neophyte in California, Oregon and Australia, for example.
  • Dendrocacalia (Nakai) Nakai ex Tuyama : It contains only one species:
  • Dendrophorbium (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey : The approximately 75 species are widespread in South America.
  • Dendrosenecio (Hauman ex Hedberg) B.Nord. : The four to eleven species are widespread in Africa.
  • Dicercoclados C.Jeffrey & YLChen : It contains only one species:
  • Digitacalia Pippen : The five or so species occur in Mexico.
  • Dolichoglottis B. North . : There are about two species in New Zealand.
  • Dolichorrhiza (Pojark.) Galushko : The fouror sospecies are common in the Caucasus and Iran .
  • Chamois ( Doronicum L. ): The 35 to 40 species are common in the temperate areas of Eurasia and North Africa.
  • Dorobaea Cass. : The three species thrive in the Andes .
  • Dresslerothamnus H.Rob. : The four to five species occur from Costa Rica via Panama to Colombia.
  • Ekmaniopappus A.Borhidi : There are about two species only on Hispaniola .
  • Elekmania B. North . : The nine to eleven species occur only on Hispaniola . They are subshrubs or shrubs.
  • Emilia (Cass.) Cass. : The 50 to 100 palaeotropic species are distributed in Africa and Asia, five of which are found in the Capensis. Some species are invasive plants in the Neotropical, for example:
  • Emiliella S.Moore : The fiveor sospecies occur in Angola , Zaire and Zambia .
  • Endocellion Turcz. ex Herder : The roughly two species are common in Siberia .
  • Mock rice herbs ( Erechtites Raf. ): The approximately twelve species mainly found in the New World, but also on the Pacific Islands, in New Zealand and Australia . Some species are invasive plants in some areas of the world.
  • Eriotrix Cass. : There are about two species only on Réunion . They are bushes.
  • Euryops (Cass.) Cass. : Of the approximately 97 species, 89 are elements of the Capensis, the others are distributed in the rest of Africa, and there is also one species on the Arabian Peninsula and on Socotra . Some varieties are used as ornamental plants.
  • Farfugium Lindl. : The only two types are common in Japan and China.
  • Faujasiopsis C.Jeffrey : The three or so species occur only on the Mascarene Islands.
  • Faujasia Cass. : The four or so species only occur on Réunion .
  • Garcibarrigoa Cuatrec. : There are about two species in Colombia.
  • Graphistylis B.Nord. : The eight or so species are common in southern Brazil.
  • Gymnodiscus Less. : The only two types are common in the Capensis.
  • Gynoxys Cass. : The approximately 130 species are widespread from Central America to Peru.
  • Gynura Cass. : The approximately 40 species are widespread in tropical Asia, Africa, Madagascar, Australia and from the southwestern Pacific islands. They also include:
  • Haastia Hook. f. : With about four types.
  • Hasteola Raf. : The only two types are common in the eastern United States.
  • Herodotia Urb. & Ekm. : It contains only one type:
  • Herreranthus B. North . : It contains only one type:
  • Hertia Less. : The ten or so are common in Africa and southwestern Asia, five of which are found in the Capensis.
  • Hoehnephytum Cabrera : The three or so species are common in Brazil.
  • Brandlattich ( Homogyne Cass. ): The approximately three species occur in the mountains of Europe, one of them is:
  • Hubertia Bory : The 25 or so species occur on Madagascar and the Mascarene Mountains.
  • Humbertacalia C.Jeffrey : The eight or so species occur on Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands.
  • Ignurbia B. North. : It contains only one type:
  • Io B.Nord. : It contains only one type:
  • Iocenes B. North . : It contains only one type:
  • Iranecio B. North . : The 15 species occur from southeast Europe to Iran.
  • Ischnea F. Muell. : The four species occur in New Guinea.
  • Jacmaia B. North. : It contains only one type:
  • Jacobaea Mill. (Formerly sometimes in Senecio L. ): It contains about 45 species. Including:
    • Common ragwort (Jacobaea abrotanifolia (L.) Moench , Syn .: Senecio abrotanifolius L. )
    • Alpine ragwort ( Jacobaea alpina (L.) Moench , Syn .: Senecio alpinus (L.) Scop. )
    • Water ragwort ( Jacobaea aquatica (Hill) G.Gaertn. & Al. , Syn .: Senecio aquaticus Hill )
    • Rocket ragwort ( Jacobaea erucifolia (L.) G.Gaertn. & Al. , Syn .: Senecio erucifolius L. )
    • Gray ragwort or gray ragwort ( Jacobaea incana (L.) Veldkamp , Syn .: Senecio incanus L. ): With the subspecies:
      • Krainer ragwort ( Jacobaea incana subsp. Carniolica (Willd.) B.Nord. & Greuter , Syn .: Senecio carniolicus Willd. )
    • Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden (Syn .: Cineraria maritima (L.) L. )
    • Marsh ragwort ( Jacobaea paludosa (L.) G.Gaertn. & Al. , Syn .: Senecio paludosus L. )
    • Jacob's ragwort ( Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. , Syn .: Senecio jacobaea L. )
  • Jessea H.Rob. & Cuatrec. : With four species that occur in Costa Rica and Panama.
  • Kleinia Mill .: The 40 or so species are mainly found in tropical Africa. Some species are found in the Middle East, India, and Sri Lanka. There are five species in the capensis. This genus includes:
    • Oleander-leaved Kleinia ( Kleinia neriifolia Haw. , Syn .: Senecio kleinia (L.) Less. )
  • Laughanodes DC. : It contains only one type:
  • Lamprocephalus B. North . : It contains only one type:
  • Lasiocephalus Bad. : It contains about 15 species.
  • Leonis B. North. : It contains only one type:
  • Lepidospartum (A.Gray) A.Gray : The only three species are distributed from the southwestern United States to northwestern Mexico.
  • Gold piston ( Ligularia Cass. ): The approximately 140 species are common in Eurasia, mainly in temperate areas. There are 124 species in China, 89 of which are only found there. Here belongs:
  • Ligulariopsis Y.L.Chen : It contains only one species:
  • Lomanthus B. North . & Pelser : It is common in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.
  • Lopholaena DC. : The approximately 20 species are distributed in tropical and southern Africa, eight of them thrive in summer rain areas of the Capensis.
  • Lordhowea B. North . : It contains only one type:
  • Luina Benth. : The only two types are common in western North America.
  • Lundinia B. North . : It contains only one type:
  • Mattfeldia Urb. : It contains only one type:
  • Mesogramma DC. : It contains only one type:
  • Mikaniopsis Milne-Redh. : The 15 or so species are widespread in tropical to subtropical Africa, one also occurs in the Capensis.
  • Miricacalia Kitam. : It contains only one type:
  • Misbrookea V.A.Funk : It contains only one species:
  • Monticalia C.Jeffrey : The approximately 70 species are widespread in Central and South America.
  • Nelsonianthus H.Rob. & Brettell : Of the only two species, one occurs in Mexico and one in Guatemala; they are epiphytic shrubs.
  • Nemosenecio (Kitam.) B.Nord. : The four or so species are distributed in the south-western mountain region of China and one species each occurs in Taiwan and Japan.
  • Nesampelos B. North . : The only three species occur only on Hispaniola .
  • Northern Tamia Lundin : The approximately 20 species are common in South America.
  • Oldfeltia B. North . & Lundin : It contains only one species:
  • Oligothrix DC. : It contains only one type:
  • Odontocline B. North . : They about six species occur only in Jamaica .
  • Oresbia G.Cron & B.Nord. : It contains only one type:
    • Oresbia heterocarpa G.Cron & B.Nord. : This endemic species of the Western Cape Province of South Africa thrives on mountains.
  • Othonna L .: The approximately 120 species are distributed in Africa, mainly in the Capensis.
  • Packera A.Löve & D.Löve : They are about 64 species are mainly found in subtropical, temperate and arctic areas of North America (54 species). One or two species occur in Siberia .
  • Papuacalia Veldk. : The approximately 17 species thrive in the mountains of New Guinea.
  • Paracalia Cuatrec. : The roughly two species occur in Peru and Bolivia.
  • Parafaujasia C.Jeffrey : The only two species occur only on the Mascarenes .
  • Paragynoxys (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. : The approximately twelve species are common in northern South America. They come in the eastern Cordillera in the Colombian departments of Norte de Santander, Santander and Boyacá, in the Sierra del Perijá and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, in the western Andes in the Colombian departments of Antioquia and Chocó and in a small area of ​​the Cordillera de Mérida in western Venezuela. They thrive at altitudes of 1500 to 4000 meters in mountain rainforests, Im Subpáramo or Páramo .
  • Parasenecio W.W. Smith & Small : The approximately 60 species are mainly found in northeast Asia and the Sino-Himalayan region, but also in Russia's Far East and Japan. In China there are 51 species, of which 43 are only there, mainly in the south-western mountain region. One species occurs in Alaska .
  • Pentacalia Cass. : The approximately 200 species are widespread from Central to South America.
  • Pericallis D.Don : The 15or sospecies occur only in Macaronesia : on the Canaries , Madeira and the Azores . This includes:
  • Butterbur ( Petasites Mill. ): The 15 to 19 species are widespread in Eurasia and one species occurs in boreal and western North America.
  • Phaneroglossa B. North. : It contains only one type:
    • Phaneroglossa bolusii (Oliv.) B.Nord. : It occurs only in the South African provinces of the North Cape and Western Cape.
  • Pippenalia McVaugh : It only contains one species:
  • Pittocaulon H.Rob. & Brettell : The five or so species are distributed from Mexico to Central America.
  • Pladaroxylon (Endl.) Hook. f. : It contains only one type:
  • Pojarkovia Askerova : it contains only one species:
  • Psacaliopsis H.Rob. & Brettell : The five or so species occur in Mexico and Guatemala.
  • Psacalium Cass. : The approximately 42 species are from the southwestern USA (one species), but mainly distributed over Mexico to Central America.
  • Psednotrichia Hiern : The three or so species occur in Angola.
  • Pseudogynoxys (Greenm.) Cabrera : The approximately twelve species from Mexico, spread across the Caribbean islands and Central America to tropical South America. For example, one species in Florida is a neophyte.
  • Rainiera Greene : It contains only one species:
    • Rainiera stricta (Greene) Greene : It is common in the northwestern United States.
  • Robinsonecio T.M.Barkley & JPJanovec : The roughly two species are distributed from Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Robinsonia DC. : The seven or so species occur only on the Juan Fernández Islands .
  • Roldana La Llave & Lex .: The 48 or so species are from the southern USA (only one species only in southern Arizona and New Mexico), but mainly spread over Mexico to Central America, mainly in the Mexican highlands.
  • Rugelia Shuttlew. ex Chapm. : It contains only one type:
  • Scrobicaria Cass. : The roughly two species are common in northeastern South America.
  • Field herbs ( Senecio L. ): The approximately 1000 species are distributed almost worldwide. There are 55 species in North America. The species thrive mainly in warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical areas at medium to higher altitudes.
  • Shafera Greenm. : It contains only one type:
  • Sinacalia H.Rob. & Brettell : The four or so species are common in China. Including:
  • Sinosenecio B. North . : All about 41 species are in China, 39 of which are only found there and only two of them also reach Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar .
  • Solanecio (Sch.Bip.) Walp. : The 16 or so species are distributed in tropical Africa, Madagascar and Yemen . Only one species, Solanecio angulatus (Vahl) C. Jeffrey , occurs in the Capensis.
  • Steirodiscus Less. : The approximately six species are common in the Capensis, for example:
  • Stenops B.Nord. : The only two species occur in Tanzania and Zambia .
  • Stilpnogyne DC. : It contains only one type:
  • Syneilesis Maxim. : The seven or so species are common in eastern Asia, mainly in China (four species), Japan and Korea.
  • Synotis (CBClarke) C.Jeffrey & YLChen : The approximately 54 species are distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region, except for theendemic Synotis atractylidifolia (Ling) C.Jeffrey & YLChen inHelan Shan, Ningxia . 43 species have been recorded for China, 29 of them only there.
  • Talamancalia H.Rob. & Cuatrec. : With about four types.
  • Telanthophora H.Rob. & Brettell : The approximately 14 species are common in Central America.
  • Ash herbs ( Tephroseris (Reichenb.) Reichenb. ): The 40 to 50 species are mainly found in the temperate and arctic northern Eurasia, also in northern North America (six species). For example:
  • Tetradymia DC. : The ten or so species are distributed from western North America (all ten species) to northwestern Mexico.
  • Traversia Hook. f. : It contains only one type:
  • Tussilago L .: It contains only one species:
    • Coltsfoot ( Tussilago farfara L. ): It is widespread in the temperate areas of Eurasia and North Africa. For example, it is a neophyte in large areas of North America.
  • Urostemon B.Nord. : It contains only one type:
  • Villasenoria B.L. Clark : It contains only one species:
  • Werneria Kunth : Since 1997 it only contains 20 to 30 species.
  • Xenophyllum V.A.Funk : It wasspun offfrom Werneria Kunth in 1997. The approximately 21 species thrive in the Andes at altitudes of 3000 to 5200 meters from Colombia to northern Argentina and northern Chile.
  • Yermo Dorn : It only contains one type:
    • Yermo xanthocephalus thorn : This endemic is only known from one location at an altitude of about 2000 meters in central Wyoming and is endangered.
  • Zemisia B. North . : It contains only one type:
The garden cineraria ( Pericallis hybrida B.Nord.) Is an ornamental plant for cool rooms.

use

There are some species whose varieties are used as ornamental plants , examples: Doronicum , Euryops , Farfugium , Kleinia , Ligularia , Parasenecio , Pericallis , Senecio , Sinacalia , Steirodiscus . The medicinal effects of some species have been studied, examples: Coltsfoot ( Tussilago farfara ), Butterbur ( Petasites ), Parasenecio , Ligularia and Gynura .

swell

  • Yilin Chen, Shangwu Liu, Ying Liu, Qiner Yang, Bertil Nordenstam, Irina D. Illarionova, Charles Jeffrey, Hiroshige Koyama & Leszek Vincent: Tribe Senecioneae. Pp. 371–496 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 20 - Asteraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • Bertil Nordenstam, Pieter B. Pelser, Joachim W. Kadereit & Linda E. Watson: Chapter 34, Senecioneae , pp. 503-525, In: Victoria Ann Funk, A. Susanna, TF Stuessy & RJ Bayer (eds.): Systematics , Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae , International Association for Plant Taxonomy: Vienna , 2009.
  • José L. Panero & Victoria Ann Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 47, Issue 2, 2008, pp. 757-782. PDF. (Section systematics and dissemination)
  • Pieter B. Pelser, AH Kennedy, EJ Tepe, Bertil Nordenstam, Joachim W. Kadereit & Linda E. Watson: Ancient reticulation characterizes the evolutionary history of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). , In: Botany , 2008, Vancouver, Canada.
  • Bertil Nordenstam: Tribe Senecioneae , pp. 208–241, In: Joachim W. Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume VIII. , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007.
  • Pieter B. Pelser, Bertil Nordenstam, Joachim W. Kadereit & Linda E. Watson: An ITS phylogeny of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) and a new delimitation of Senecio L. , in Taxon , Volume 56, Number 4, 2007, p. 1077 -1104. (Section systematics)
  • Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae in the Flora of North America , Volume 20, 2006: Tribe Senecioneae. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. , Volume 20 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2 (Astereae, Senecioneae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530564-7 (description and classification sections)
  • Bertil Nordenstam: Compositae Newsletter , number 44, 2006 - PDF-Online.
  • Tribe Senecioneae in southern Africa. at the Biodiversity Explorer of Iziko Museums of Cape Town. (Section systematics)
  • Senecioneae at The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Yilin Chen, Shangwu Liu, Ying Liu, Qiner Yang, Bertil Nordenstam, Irina D. Illarionova, Charles Jeffrey, Hiroshige Koyama & Leszek Vincent: Tribe Senecioneae. Pp. 371–496 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 20 - Asteraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0
  2. ↑ Aristônio M. Teles and João R. Stehmann: Plantae, Magnoliophyta, Asterales, Asteraceae, Senecioneae, Pentacalia desiderabilis and Senecio macrotis: Distribution extensions and first records for Bahia, Brazil. , Check List 4, 1, 2008, pp. 62-64: Online.
  3. ^ A b Bertil Nordenstam: Ignurbia, a new genus of the Asteraceae-Senecioneae from Hispaniola , In: Willdenowia , Volume 36, 2006, s. 463-468. (PDF; 184 kB)
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ a b c Senecioneae at The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  6. ↑ Michael O. Dillon & Mario Zapata Cruz: Angeldiazia weigendii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new genus and species from northern Peru , In: Arnaldoa , Volume 17, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 17-23. - PDF online.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet & John L. Strother: Asteraceae in the Flora of North America , Volume 20, 2006: Tribe Senecioneae. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. , Volume 20 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2 (Astereae, Senecioneae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006. ISBN 0-19-530564-7
  8. ^ GV Cron: Bertilia - A new monotypic genus in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from South Africa. , In: South African Journal of Botany , Volume 88, September 2013, pp. 10-16. doi: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2013.04.014
  9. ^ Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Compositae. In: Victoria Ann Funk, A. Susanna, T. Stuessy, R. Bayer (Eds.): Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae , 2009, p. 514.
  10. ↑ Glynis V. Cron, Kevin Balkwill, Eric Knox: Bolandia (Asteraceae, Senecioneae): a New Genus Endemic to Southern Africa , In: Novon , Volume 16, Issue 2, 2006, pp. 224-230: doi : 10.3417 / 1055 -3177 (2006) 16 [224: BASANG] 2.0.CO; 2
  11. ↑ Species list for Bolandia in the Red List of South African Plants
  12. ↑ JC Manning, GV Cron: The genus Bolandia (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) expanded to include three discoid taxa previously treated as Senecio scapiflorus, and a note on the typification of Brachyrrhynchos. In: South African Journal of Botany , Volume 77, Issue 1, January 2011, pp. 203-215. doi: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2010.07.019
  13. ^ SJ Wagstaff, I. Breitwieser: Phylogeny and classification of Brachyglottis (Senecioneae, Asteraceae): An example of a rapid species radiation in New Zealand. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 29, Issue 4, 2004, pp. 1003-1010.
  14. ↑ IR Thompson: A taxonomic treatment of tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) in Australia. Muelleria , Volume 24, 2006, p. 57.
  15. ↑ Species list for Capelio in the Red List of South African Plants
  16. ^ Michael O. Dillon & A. Sagástegui: Caxamarca, a new monotypic genus of Senecioneae (Asteraceae) for Northern Peru. In: Novon , Volume 9, 1999, pp. 156-161.
  17. ↑ B. Nordenstam: Crassothonna B.Nord., A new African genus of succulent Compositae – Senecioneae In: Compositae Newsletter , Volume 50, 2012, pp. 70–77.
  18. ^ A b Bertil Nordenstam & Pieter B. Pelser: Dauresia and Mesogramma, two monotypic genera of the Asteraceae-Senecioneae from Southern Africa. In: Compositae Newsletter , Volume 42, 2005, pp. 74-88.
  19. ^ Gabriele Galasso, Fabrizio Bartolucci: Four new combinations in Jacobaea Mill. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) for the European flora In: Natural History Sciences. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Sturgeon. nat. Milano , Volume 2, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 95-96. Full text PDF.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. doi: 10.4081 / nhs.2015.246@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.sisn.pagepress.org  
  20. ^ Bertil Nordenstam, Pieter B. Pelser & LE Watson: Lomanthus, a new genus of the Compositae-Senecioneae from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. , In: Compositae Newsletter , Volume 47, 2009, pp. 33–41.
  21. ^ Glynis V. Cron & Bertil Nordenstam: Oresbia, a New South African Genus of the Asteraceae, Senecioneae. , In: Novon , Volume 16, Issue 2, 2006, pp. 216-223 - Online publication date: 1-Jun-2006.
  22. ↑ Alejandra Correa: Revision of the genus Paragynoxys (Asteraceae, Senecioneae – Tussilagininae). In: Brittonia Volume 55, Issue 2, 2003, pp. 157-168. doi : 10.1663 / 0007-196X (2003) 055 [0157: ROTGPA] 2.0.CO; 2
  23. ^ A. Michele Funston: Taxonomic Revision of Roldana (Asteraceae: Senecioneae), a Genus of the Southwestern USA, Mexico, and Central America. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 95, Issue 2, 2008, pp. 282-337. doi: 10.3417 / 2003151
  24. ↑ a b Victoria Ann Funk: Xenophyllum, a New Andean Genus Extracted from Werneria sl In: Novon Volume 7, Issue 3, 1997, p. 235 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org

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