Guizotia
| Guizotia | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ramtill herb ( Guizotia abyssinica ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Guizotia | ||||||||||||
| Cass. |
The Guizotia are a plant genus in the subfamily of Asteroideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The botanical genus name honors the French historian and politician François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787–1874). There are about six species in the genus Guizotia . Only the ramtill herb ( Guizotia abyssinica ) is used as a medicinal or useful plant.
description
Guizotia species grow as mostly upright, rarely creeping, branched, annual to perennial herbaceous plants ; or rarely there are woody species subshrubs or shrubs form. Depending on the species, they rarely reach heights of 3 to usually around 20 to 200 centimeters. The opposite , sometimes the uppermost alternate , arranged on the stems or branches distributed leaves are sessile and simple. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. The leaf surfaces are hairy differently depending on the species, at least the underside.
The circular, head-shaped inflorescences are seldom individually, mostly together in branched overall inflorescences . There are 10 to 13 bracts in two rows ; the outer five to over six are broader and herbaceous, the inner ones are narrower, shorter and membranous (green) or dry-skinned (brown). The inflorescence bases are conical to hemispherical. There are membranous to dry-skinned chaff leaves. The flower heads contain six to 18 ray florets and over 100 tubular florets. The female, fertile , zygomorphic ray- flowers (= ray-flowers) are mostly yellow; the base of the corolla tube is hairy and the tongue ends with three coronet teeth. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers (= disc flowers) are also yellow with five corolla lobes. The anthers have appendages. The two branches of the style are short and hairy.
The triangular achenes formed from the ray florets after pollination and the square achenes from the tubular florets are brown to black, smooth and sometimes shiny. There is no pappus .
Systematics and distribution
The natural range of the genus Guizotia is in tropical Africa. All but one type are native to the Ethiopian highlands .
The genus Guizotia was first published in June 1829 by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles , 59, 237, 247, 248. The genus Guizotia belongs to the tribe Millerieae in the subfamily of the Asteroideae within the daisy family (Asteraceae). A synonym for Guizotia Cass. is Veslingia Vis.
There are about six species in the genus Guizotia . Here is a list of all types:
- Abyssinian Ramtillkraut , Gingellikraut or Niger seed ( Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. , Syn . : Guizotia oleifera DC. , Polymnia abyssinica L. f. ): The description was created using a cultivated plant. All known stocks are probably cultivated or feral crops. Annual plant that is particularly cultivated in Ethiopia and India . The name of the drug is Semen guizotiae oleiferae. One finds this species today in the Ethiopian highlands, partly also west of the Great African Rift Valley in some areas in Sudan , Uganda , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Tanzania , Malawi and Zimbabwe . But also on the Caribbean islands, in Nepal , Bangladesh , Bhutan and India. It is also an invasive plant in Europe and North America ; it may be spread through birdseed.
- Guizotia arborescens I.Friis : The occurrences are limited to southwestern Ethiopia and the area of the Immatong Mountains on the border between Sudan and Uganda .
- Guizotia reptans Hutch. : It is the only species that has not been proven for Ethiopia. She is an endemic of Mount Kenya , the Aberdare Range and the Mount Elgon region in East Africa.
-
Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov. : With two subspecies:
- Guizotia scabra (Vis.) Chiov. subsp. scabra : With a wide distribution from Ethiopia to Zimbabwe and west to the highlands of Nigeria, interrupted by the Sudanese desert and the Congo rainforest.
- Guizotia scabra subsp. schimperi (Sch.Bip.) Baagøe : This annual wild plant is probably more closely related to Guizotia abyssinica than to Guizotia scabra . It is a common " weed " in Ethiopia .
- Guizotia villosa Sch.Bip. : It has its main occurrence in the northern and southwestern Ethiopian highlands.
- Guizotia zavattarii Lanza : The occurrences are limited to Mount Mega in southern Ethiopia and the Huri Mountains in northern Kenya .
swell
- John L. Strother: Guizotia in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, Page 40: - Online.
- A. Getinet & SM Sharma: Niger. Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. : Information also on the other Guizotia species at bioversityinternational - International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI).
- H. Beentje, C. Jeffrey & DJN Hind: Flora of Tropical East Africa , Compositae part 3 , 2005, page 547.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b John L. Strother: Guizotia in the Flora of North America , Volume 21, Page 40: - Online.
- ↑ a b Guizotia at bioversityinternational. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Entry in GRIN Taxonomy for Plants.
