Ramtill herb

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Ramtill herb
Ramtill herb (Guizotia abyssinica)

Ramtill herb ( Guizotia abyssinica )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Millerieae
Genre : Guizotia
Type : Ramtill herb
Scientific name
Guizotia abyssinica
( Lf ) Cass.
Ramtill herb in Ethiopia / Amhara
Ramtill herb ( Guizotia abyssinica )
Seeds of Guizotia abyssinica

The Guizotia abyssinica ( Guizotia abyssinica , Syn. : Guizotia oleifera . DC ), also called Gingellikraut is a plant from the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The oily seeds of the species are used in many ways, for example as bird food. The original homeland is East Africa and Asia.

description

The Guizotia abyssinica is a more or less branched, annual herbaceous plant up to 1.8 achieved the stature heights of m. In the lower area of ​​the hollow, easily breaking and purple-mottled, greenish, hairy stem, the leaves are opposite , in the upper area they are arranged alternately. The simple, soft-haired leaves on both sides are 10 to 20 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. They are whole to irregularly serrated, ciliate and half-stem-encompassing, lanceolate to narrow-oval or obverse-shaped. The tip is pointed to rounded, stipules are missing.

The two to three cup-shaped inflorescences stand together. The flower heads have a diameter of 15 to 50 mm and contain eight zygomorphic tongue and usually 40 to 60 radially symmetrical tubular flowers. The ray flower is purely female, yellow or rarely greenish and 5 to 20 mm long. The tubular flower is hermaphroditic and yellow to slightly orange and contains yellow stamens and a hairy style with a bilobed stigma. The bracts ( bracts ) are in two rows, the inner bracts resemble the chaff leaves ( chaff sheet ) on the cup base. At the bottom of each flower there is a wreath of hair. The pollination is done by insects. This species is self-fertile . Blackish, angular, about 3.5–5 mm long and 1.5–2 mm wide achenes without pappus are formed as diaspores .

The growing season of this species lasts from May to October, the flowering period extends from August to September, and the seeds ripen from September to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

Occurrence

The ramtill herb was originally native to Africa from Ethiopia to Malawi . It is also found as an unstable neophyte in Central Europe . It is continuously reintroduced through birdseed, but only lasts temporarily because of the climatic conditions. In Germany it rarely reaches seed maturity. It occurs primarily at ruderal locations such as rubble dumps, transshipment points and roadsides.

History and use

This species was probably domesticated in Ethiopia . The domesticated plant was probably introduced to India by humans three thousand years ago. It is mainly grown in Ethiopia, India, Pakistan , Burma and Nepal . The seeds of this species are niger seed , niger seed or niger called. The niger seeds are oil-containing seeds and have a high fat and protein content.

The seeds are eaten after frying. Flour is made from the seeds . The oil from the seeds (Niger oil, Ramtill oil) is used for the production of soaps and colors. The oil is used medicinally to alleviate rheumatism .

The seeds play a medium to large role in the diet of both forest and "pet birds" as additional feed, especially when they are sprouted.

In microbiology , the seeds are used for the selective cultivation of pathogens ( negro seed agar ).

Guizotia abyssinica is in Central Europe as a catch crop or green manure used as it abfriert reliable because of its sensitivity to frost.

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Individual evidence

  1. International plant names on Multilingual Multiscripted Plant Name Database (MMPND), University of Melbourne.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  930 .
  3. Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 867 .

Web links

Commons : Ramtillkraut  - collection of images