Sea beach marigold

Sea beach marigold
	Sea-beach marigold ( Calendula maritima )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Calenduleae
Genre :	Marigolds ( calendula )
Type :	Sea beach marigold
Scientific name
	Calendula maritima
	Molding.

The sea-beach marigold ( Calendula maritima ) is a species of the genus marigolds ( Calendula ) in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). This rare species is endemic to western Sicily . Some gardeners call their cultivated forms the hanging marigold .

description

Flower head with yellow ray and tubular flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The sea beach marigold grows as an annual to short-lived herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 40 centimeters. The stems can become slightly lignified in the lower area. The young stems are initially upright, later they spread and hang to the ground.

The alternate leaves are covered with short sticky hairs. In contrast to the marigold ( Calendula officinalis ), the leaves are fleshy and have a strong odor. The simple leaf blade is ovate to linear; depending on their placement on the stem: the upper ones are elongated and become wider and wider towards the base to an egg-shaped shape.

Generative characteristics

The main flowering season extends from May to June. The cup-shaped inflorescence has a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters and contains lemon-yellow flowers .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

habitat

The sea-beach marigold grows on nitrogen-rich soils near the sea.

Danger

Calendula maritima was rated “Critically Endangered” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2006 . It occurs only in two limited areas on the island of Sicily: in the reserve Riserva naturale orientata Saline di Trapani e Paceco between Marsala and Monte Cofano in the free municipal consortium of Trapani in the western part of the island of Sicily and in the reserve Isole dello Stagnone di Marsala . There are also sites on offshore islands. Your area is very fragmented. Due to the urban development, which includes, for example, the expansion of the port of Marsala, the sites are seriously threatened with destruction. Another threat comes from competition and displacement from invasive plant species such as the edible ice plant ( Carpobrotus edulis ). The number of their stocks and population sizes are unknown.

At a location on the Calendula maritima together with Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida occurs, there are hybrids between the two taxa that are fertile and that even backcross. This could endanger this stock.

Taxonomy

The first description of Calendula maritima was in 1825 by Giovanni Gussone in Index seminum anni .... quae from Horto Regio in Boccadifalco pro mutua commutatione exhibentur . In 2012, herbarium material was examined and a lectotype was established. The rank of a species and the accepted name Calendula maritima were confirmed. Synonyms for Calendula maritima Guss. are: Calendula suffruticosa subsp. maritima (cast.) Meikle , Calendula incana subsp. maritima (cast.) Ohle .

use

The sea beach marigold also exists in cultivated form. It is used as a bedding and balcony plant. The most important variety is the yellow 'Skyfire', a compact growing and hanging variety. It is suitable for beds, hanging baskets, pots and as a ground cover. It needs a sunny location and slightly acidic substrates.

swell

literature

Sandro Pignatti (ed.): Flora d'Italia . Vol. 3. Edagricole, Bologna 2003, ISBN 88-506-2449-2 , pp. 138 (third unaltered reprint of the 1st edition from 1982).
Bertrand de Montmollin, Wendy Strahm (Eds.): The Top 50 Mediterranean Island Plants. Wild plants at the brink of extinction, and what is needed to save them. IUCN / SSC Mediterranean Islands Plant Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland / Cambridge, 2005, ISBN 2-8317-0832-X , pp. 92-93, PDF file , online .
Salvatore Pasta, Giuseppe Garfì, Francesco Carimi, Corrado Marcenò: Human disturbance, habitat degradationand niche shift: the case of the endemic Calendula maritima Guss. (W Sicily, Italy) In: Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali , Volume 28, 2017, pp. 415-424. PDF. on-line. doi : 10.1007 / s12210-017-0611-5
Anagelo Troia, Werner Greuter , Francesco Maria Raimondo: Revised lectotypification of the name Calendula maritima (Asteraceae). In: Phytotaxa , Volume 71, 2012, pp. 48–51. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.71.1.9 online. PDF.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Calendula maritima in the IUCN 2020-1 Red List of Endangered Species . Posted by: A. Troìa ,, S. Pasta, 2006. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Salvatore Pasta, Giuseppe Garfì, Francesco Carimi, Corrado Marcenò: Human disturbance, habitat degradation and niche shift: the case of the endemic Calendula maritima Guss. (W Sicily, Italy). In: Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali , Volume 28, 2017, pp. 415-424. PDF. on-line. doi : 10.1007 / s12210-017-0611-5
↑ Angela Carra, Bambina Marcella, Salvatore Pasta, Giuseppe Garfì, Badalamenti Ornella, Caterina Catalano, Francesco Carimi, Maurizio Sajeva: In-vitro regeneration of Calendula maritima guss. (asteraceae), a threatened plant endemic to western sicily. In: Pakistan Journal of Botany , Volume 48, 2016, pp. 589-593. on-line.
↑ Calendula maritima at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ O. Plume, FM Raimondo, A. Troia: Hybridization and competition between the endangered sea marigold (Calendula maritimaAsteraceae) and a more common congener , In: Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology , Volume 149, Issue 1, 2015, pp. 68-77. doi : 10.1080 / 11263504.2013.810182
↑ Calendula maritima at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 19, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b Anagelo Troia, Werner Greuter , Francesco Maria Raimondo: Revised lectotypification of the name Calendula maritima (Asteraceae). In: Phytotaxa , Volume 71, 2012, pp. 48–51. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.71.1.9 online. PDF.

Web links

Commons : Sea beach marigold ( Calendula maritima ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Calendula suffruticosa subsp. maritima in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
CNR committed to the conservation of Calendula maritima. online at Research Italy .
Data sheet with photos at Indice dei nomi delle specie botaniche presenti in Italia - IPFI.
Data sheet. (ital.)
Herbarium evidence.

[IUCN-1] Calendula maritima in the IUCN 2020-1 Red List of Endangered Species . Posted by: A. Troìa ,, S. Pasta, 2006. Retrieved February 24, 2009.

[Pasta2017-2] Salvatore Pasta, Giuseppe Garfì, Francesco Carimi, Corrado Marcenò: Human disturbance, habitat degradation and niche shift: the case of the endemic Calendula maritima Guss. (W Sicily, Italy). In: Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali , Volume 28, 2017, pp. 415-424. PDF. on-line. doi : 10.1007 / s12210-017-0611-5

[Carra2016-3] Angela Carra, Bambina Marcella, Salvatore Pasta, Giuseppe Garfì, Badalamenti Ornella, Caterina Catalano, Francesco Carimi, Maurizio Sajeva: In-vitro regeneration of Calendula maritima guss. (asteraceae), a threatened plant endemic to western sicily. In: Pakistan Journal of Botany , Volume 48, 2016, pp. 589-593. on-line.

[IPCN-4] Calendula maritima at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Plume2015-5] O. Plume, FM Raimondo, A. Troia: Hybridization and competition between the endangered sea marigold (Calendula maritimaAsteraceae) and a more common congener , In: Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology , Volume 149, Issue 1, 2015, pp. 68-77. doi : 10.1080 / 11263504.2013.810182

[Tropicos-6] Calendula maritima at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 19, 2020.

[Troia2012-7] Anagelo Troia, Werner Greuter , Francesco Maria Raimondo: Revised lectotypification of the name Calendula maritima (Asteraceae). In: Phytotaxa , Volume 71, 2012, pp. 48–51. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.71.1.9 online. PDF.